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Unemployment

Long-term unemployment, youth unemployment, and the increase in underemployed or involuntary part-time workers remains a concern in many Member States. Unemployment, and especially long-term unemployment, increases a person's risk of social exclusion, poverty and inequality, and adds to the cost of social services and public finances. According to the European Pillar of Social Rights, unemployed people have the right to personalised, continuous and consistent support, including adequate unemployment benefits of reasonable duration.

Topic

Recent updates

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This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to...

2 Vasaris 2024
Publication
Customised report
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Presentation made at the 'Informal meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO)' by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound and Prof. dr. Paul Schoukens, Full Professor, KU Leuven. Belgian Presidency...

Presentation

Data

EU PolicyWatch database (measures to support unemployed people)

Eurofound expert(s)

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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Tadas Leončikas is Head of the Employment unit at Eurofound since September 2022. Prior to this, he was a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit, managing the European...

Head of Unit,
Employment research unit
Publications results (18)

This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to cushion the impact of job loss on household finances an

02 February 2024

Ekonomikai atsigaunant po COVID-19 pandemijos, darbo jėgos trūkumas tampa vis akivaizdesnis, nors karas Ukrainoje ir daro poveikį energijos ir žaliavų kainoms. Kai kuriuose sektoriuose ir profesijose, kuriuose jau anksčiau šis trūkumas buvo didelis, krizė dar labiau jį paaštrino. Šioje ataskaitoje

28 March 2023

Penktasis EUROFOUND e. tyrimo etapas, kuris vyko nuo 2022 m. kovo 25 d. iki gegužės 2 d., atskleidžia socialinę ir ekonominę žmonių padėtį visoje Europoje praėjus dvejiems metams po to, kai COVID-19 pirmą kartą buvo nustatytas Europos žemyne. Jame taip pat nagrinėjama gyvenimo realybė naujoje

07 July 2022

While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner

20 July 2021

Disclaimer: Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.Šia ataskaita siekiama nustatyti pirminį COVID-19 krizės poveikį užimtumui Europoje (iki 2020 m. antro ketvirčio), įskaitant jos pasekmes visuose sektoriuose ir skirtingoms darbuotojų

11 March 2021

The uneven impact of the 2008–2013 economic crisis on Member States brought upward convergence to the fore in EU political debates. The focus was on orienting social policy towards getting the EU back on track, as encapsulated in the European Pillar of Social Rights. However, the meaning of the conc

30 September 2020

This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s

28 September 2020

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and

24 June 2020

Vos per kelias savaites naujo koronaviruso sukelta COVID-19 pandemija radikaliai pakeitė žmonių gyvenimą visame pasaulyje. Be pražūtingų padarinių nuo viruso tiesiogiai nukentėjusių žmonių sveikatai, COVID-19 pandemija padarė didelį poveikį žmonių gyvenimo ir darbo būdui ir labai paveikė jų fizinę

06 May 2020

The European Pillar of Social Rights is designed to act as a compass for a renewed process of upward convergence among Member States towards better working and living conditions. It is accompanied by a Social Scoreboard to monitor the progress made by Member States. This policy brief presents the

10 December 2019

Online resources results (67)

Widespread protests by unemployed people: towards a new form of social movement?

In December 1997 and January 1998, France has seen a growing wave of protests by unemployed people, which has grown from specific local actions into a nationwide movement. The demands of the protesters have challenged both the Government and the trade unions which co-manage the unemployment

Recent debates on pay policy in Germany

Since the late 1980s German collective bargaining has become increasingly overshadowed by growing mass unemployment, leading to a continuing controversy about pay policy and its impact on employment. Many employers' associations, with the support of "neo-liberal" politicians and economists, have

Representing the unemployed: trade unions versus associations of jobless people?

The July 1997 agreement between employers and unions concerning the management of the UNEDIC unemployment insurance funds has been strongly criticised by some associations of unemployed people. The question of the representation of unemployed people, especially within bodies which are jointly

Measures to promote youth employment debated

The social partners are engaged in a protracted debate on the ways and means to address a mounting problem of youth unemployment. The best indicator of the extent of the problem is perhaps that on average 2.9% of those aged 15 to 18 years were neither employed nor in school during 1996, while a

Trade unions present views on employment regulation and social protection

On 1 July 1997 the Greek trade unions made public their positions on one of the themes in the current social dialogue process, /Regulation of forms of employment and social protection: towards the year 2000/. Their positions differ significantly from those of the Government and the employer

The legal position of foreign nationals

On 13 March, after long debate between ministries, trade unions, and provincial governments, the national Government submitted a reform package covering the Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetz(Unemployment Insurance Act), the Fremdengesetz(Aliens Act), the Aufenthaltsgesetz(Residence Act), the

Proposal to exempt long-term unemployed people from legal minimum wage

The Dutch Government wants to allow employers temporary exemptions from the legal minimum wage [1] (WML- wettelijk minimumloon), and to that end, a bill was submitted to Parliament in 1996. The target group consists of long-term unemployed people aged between 20 and 65. The purpose of the bill is to


Blogs results (9)
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 Vasaris 2021
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The employment fallout of COVID-19 has been a story of two types of service work. Office-based knowledge workers have largely kept their jobs and incomes while participating in the huge and apparently successful ad hoc social experiment in working from home. Client-facing service workers have borne

2 Vasaris 2021
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour

3 Birželis 2020
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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

18 Gegužė 2020
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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis

12 Gegužė 2020
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Europe has weathered a number of storms in recent years, yet despite the Great Recession, the migration crisis and the challenges posed by Brexit, the EU continues on a stable path to economic recovery, closer cooperation and cohesion. However, the legacy of the crisis lives on in the number of

3 Gegužė 2018
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 Balandis 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Gruodis 2017
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A key priority for EU policy makers is to combat high levels of youth unemployment. Supporting young people to start a new business is increasingly regarded as a way to achieve this goal. And yet the understanding of what drives the success and failure of youth entrepreneurship policies remains

18 Balandis 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024

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