Igualdade de género
A igualdade de gênero refere-se à igualdade entre mulheres e homens no que diz respeito aos seus direitos, tratamento, responsabilidades, oportunidades e conquistas econômicas e sociais. A igualdade de gênero é alcançada quando homens e mulheres têm os mesmos direitos, responsabilidades e oportunidades em todos os setores da sociedade e quando os diferentes interesses, necessidades e prioridades de homens e mulheres são igualmente valorizados.
Novos e futuros
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23 October 2025
11 September 2025
December 2025
Sobre este tópico Igualdade de género
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Destaques para Igualdade de género
Esta é uma seleção das saídas mais importantes para este tópico.
15 May 2023
Gender differences in motivation to engage in platform work
The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing number of women. This policy brief investigates why women are joining the platform economy and how the motivations to perform work on platforms differ between genders. It shows that while women join platforms to gain an additional income and because it allows them the flexibility to combine work with household chores or family commitments, men are driven by the opportunities provided by platforms to work globally and to expand their client base. At the same time, findings suggest that online platforms seem to provide women with a link to the labour market that can potentially prevent their withdrawal from the labour force during different life stages. These findings suggest that policy action should focus on extending working hours regulations and work–life balance measures to all platform workers, irrespective of employment status, and promote equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men.
13 October 2022
COVID-19 pandemic and the gender divide at work and home
The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated inequalities in many dimensions of European societies, including inequalities between women and men in several key domains. This report looks at gender inequalities that existed prior to the COVID-19 crisis and describes in what ways the pandemic has impacted on gender divides. It also analyses the various policy responses of national governments across the EU to address gender divides, and to prevent their widening during the pandemic. The effects of the pandemic on employment at EU-level has been remarkably gender-neutral on the whole, with nuances emerging within different sectors and socioeconomic groups. The pre-existing gender gaps in unpaid work have persisted, leading to work–life conflicts, especially among teleworking mothers of young children. Finally, the report describes the outlook for gender inequalities in Europe, pointing to factors that will shape the future of equality between women and men: gender segregation in labour markets, gender divides in telework and hybrid work, and gender mainstreaming in policymaking – especially in relation to caregiving and care services.
14 December 2021
European Jobs Monitor 2021: Gender gaps and the employment structure
One of the most striking developments of the last half-century has been the huge rise in the labour market participation of women. Two out of every three net new jobs created over the last two decades in the EU were taken by women. At the same time, sharply rising employment rates among older workers due to population ageing and policy changes have increased the share of older workers in the labour market. This report examines the impacts of the changing contours of labour supply on the employment structure over the last quarter-century in Europe (1995–2019). The primary focus is on gender, with a secondary focus on ageing. Among the main findings are that employment shares in gender-balanced jobs have declined despite the rising female share of employment and that gender pay gaps are highest in well-paid jobs.
14 December 2021
Understanding the gender pay gap: What role do sector and occupation play?
Despite the increasing participation of women in the labour market and a higher share of women than men being hired into well-paid jobs in recent years, a gender pay gap exists across all EU Member States. Pay differentials between women and men have been shown to be significantly influenced by the economic sector where people work and the occupation they hold.
This policy brief examines these dimensions. It also identifies how much these and other factors contribute to gender disparities in pay. The analysis finds that, of the observable factors examined, the greater likelihood of women working in lower-paying sectors and working part-time are the most important contributors to the gender pay gap. Nevertheless, around two-thirds of the gap in the EU remains unexplained by individual and employment-related factors typically analysed, suggesting that other factors not captured by survey wage data account for the rest of it.
15 July 2021
Upward convergence in gender equality: How close is the Union of equality?
Over the last decade, the EU has made slow progress towards gender equality. As achievements in gender equality vary considerably by Member State, it is important to understand the evolution of disparities between the Member States and the implications this has for upward economic and social convergence in the EU. Crucially, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis not only threatens to undo past achievements but may well result in increasing disparities between Member States.
This policy brief, which was jointly prepared by Eurofound and EIGE, investigates patterns of convergence in gender equality as measured by the Gender Equality Index in the Member States over the 2010–2018 period.
9 December 2020
Women and labour market equality: Has COVID-19 rolled back recent gains?
Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in employment across sectors and occupations is still pervasive.
Against this background, this policy brief investigates the evolution of female labour market participation in the last decade and shows that the persisting gender employment gap cost Europe more than €320 billion per year in 2018, corresponding to 2.4% of EU GDP. The analysis also examines the disproportionate effects that the current COVID-19 crisis is having on working women, including the risk of disengagement from the labour market and the unintended consequences of confinement measures. It ends with a review of policy responses to the pandemic that have supported female employment in the short term and proposes how policy should respond in the long run to avoid rolling back decades of gains achieved in gender equality.
Especialistas da Igualdade de género
A Eurofound tem especialistas em uma ampla variedade de tópicos relacionados ao trabalho e à vida na Europa. Eles estão disponíveis para comentar sobre a pesquisa da Eurofound, bem como para fornecer insights sobre uma ampla gama de questões de política social e de emprego.
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski é investigadora na unidade de Políticas Sociais da Eurofound. Antes de ingressar na Eurofound em 2021, trabalhou como investigadora de pós-doutoramento no Geary Institute for Public Policy da University College Dublin, no Economic and Social Research Institute em Dublin e no Royal College of Surgeons na Irlanda. Ela trabalhou em muitas áreas de pesquisa em microeconomia, incluindo renda e riqueza de aposentadoria, poupança para pensões, transferências intergeracionais e o impacto financeiro da viuvez. Sanna é PhD em Economia pelo Trinity College Dublin.
Barbara Gerstenberger
Head of UnitBarbara Gerstenberger é Chefe da Unidade de Vida Profissional da Eurofound. Nessa função, coordena as equipas de investigação que investigam a qualidade do emprego na Europa com base no Inquérito Europeu sobre as Condições de Trabalho e é responsável global pelo Observatório Europeu da Vida Profissional e pela investigação sobre as relações laborais na UE. Ingressou na Eurofound em 2001 como gestora de investigação no então recém-criado Observatório Europeu da Mudança (EMCC). Em 2007, mudou-se para a unidade de Informação e Comunicação da Eurofound como Chefe de Produtos de Comunicação, antes de ser nomeada Coordenadora na Direção em 2011. Anteriormente, ela trabalhou como pesquisadora sênior na Federação Europeia de Metalúrgicos em Bruxelas. Formada em ciências políticas pela Universidade de Hamburgo, ela concluiu um mestrado em Administração Pública na Kennedy School of Government, Universidade de Harvard.
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
Senior research managerCarlos Vacas Soriano é gestor sénior de investigação na unidade de Emprego da Eurofound. Atua em temas relacionados a desigualdades salariais e de renda, salários mínimos, baixa remuneração, qualidade do emprego, emprego temporário e segmentação e qualidade do emprego. Antes de ingressar na Eurofound em 2010, trabalhou como analista macroeconómico para a Comissão Europeia e como investigador em mercados de trabalho europeus no Banco Central espanhol. É mestre em Estudos Económicos Europeus pelo Colégio da Europa de Bruges e doutorado em Economia do Trabalho pela Universidade de Salamanca (Doutor Europaeus).
Karel Fric
Research officerKarel Fric é investigador na unidade de Políticas Sociais da Eurofound. Seu trabalho envolve pesquisa de pesquisa, análise de dados e gerenciamento de projetos, com foco particular em condições de trabalho e de vida, igualdade e discriminação. Anteriormente, trabalhou como pesquisador na Agência dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia em Viena, Áustria, e na Panteia, uma organização de pesquisa e consultoria com sede em Zoetermeer, Holanda. Karel é PhD em Ciências Sociais pela Erasmus University Rotterdam e mestre em Economia pela Utrecht University.
Todo o conteúdo para Igualdade de género
Esta secção fornece acesso a todo o conteúdo publicado sobre este tópico.
