Publications

Seit 2016 beobachtet Eurofound intensiv die Einbindung der nationalen Sozialpartner in die Politikgestaltung im Rahmen des Zyklus des Europäischen Semesters. 2020 lag der Schwerpunkt auf ihrer Einbindung in den ersten Monaten nach dem Ausbruch von COVID-19.

This year’s theme to mark International Women’s Day on 8 March is Choose to Challenge (or #ChooseToChallenge, if you prefer). The idea is to highlight that ‘from challenge comes change’ and that ‘we can all choose to challenge and call out gender bias and inequality’.^[1]

In diesem richtungsweisenden Bericht werden die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse aus den Forschungsarbeiten von Eurofound zu den Arbeitsbedingungen im Programmplanungszeitraum 2017-2020 zusammengefasst. Es werden die seit 2000 erzielten Fortschritte bei der Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen dargestellt und untersucht, ob alle Beschäftigten von den positiven Veränderungen gleichermaßen profitieren konnten. Der Bericht zeigt auf, welche Gruppen am ehesten Gefahr laufen, unter schlechten Bedingungen zu arbeiten und den Anschluss zu verlieren.

While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion. The well-known taxi and delivery platforms, like Deliveroo and Free Now, have been criticised from their inception for applying conditions of employment that simultaneously deny their workers the entitlements of an employee and the autonomy enjoyed by the self-employed. But platform work need not be the job of last resort. It is fundamentally a new means of matching supply and demand for paid labour, and it could be an engine for innovation and employment growth. It’s time for policymakers to steer it along a path that better balances the interests of platforms and workers.

​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic could have been even greater had it not been for the adoption of unprecedented assistance measures in all Member States, supported by the European Union, including through the SURE (Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency) initiative in 18 countries. But have these policies benefited different groups in the labour market equally, or have they cemented existing inequalities in access to support, effectively creating two worlds of income support during the pandemic?

The Eurofound style guide is designed to be used by all Eurofound authors – both internal and external – and those who are involved in the process of editing the different products. Use of the style guide will help Eurofound to deliver high-quality information products and so increase our visibility and influence as part of the overall strategic objective ‘to provide scientifically sound, unbiased, timely and policy relevant knowledge that contributes to better informed polices to improve living and working conditions and strengthen cohesion in a changing Europe’.

​​​​​​​Despite the unusually tough economic and labour market conditions, most EU Member States made nominal and real increases to their minimum wages in 2020. This is what a first overview of recent minimum wage developments reveals. Some countries lived up to earlier promises or pre-agreements, while other countries strayed somewhat off their original path but still maintained the overall trend of increasing minimum wages in line with other wages. Although most countries were cautious in the level of increase granted, low inflation rates meant that the value of minimum wages still went up beyond rises in consumer prices. For the time being, at least, it can be concluded that the policy response in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is distinct from the approach taken during the global financial crisis, when a greater number of countries moved quickly to freeze nominal minimum wages.

The employment fallout of COVID-19 has been a story of two types of service work. Office-based knowledge workers have largely kept their jobs and incomes while participating in the huge and apparently successful ad hoc social experiment in working from home. Client-facing service workers have borne the brunt of the lockdowns and the steep declines in demand for in-person services in restaurants, hotels, leisure and the arts. The upshot is that, unlike the ‘mancession’ following the global financial crisis, the first impacts of the pandemic have fallen disproportionately on low-paid female workers. But to see this in the statistics, we must start by looking beyond the unemployment rate.

Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte für alle Menschen in Europa dramatische Auswirkungen auf die Zugänglichkeit von Gesundheits-, Bildungs- und Betreuungsleistungen. Dies gilt auch für Kinder in mehreren Ländern, in denen die Schulen geschlossen und durch Fernunterricht ersetzt wurden. Auch sie sind von den negativen Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den Zugang ihrer Familien zu Gesundheitsversorgung und auf die psychische Gesundheit betroffen. Viele Familien befinden sich auch in einer Situation zunehmender Wohnunsicherheit.

Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads to an economic crash, this rise in unmet medical needs could spiral, as happened during the last economic crisis – policymakers should take heed.