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Diálogo social

El diálogo social puede definirse como el conjunto de negociaciones, consultas, acciones conjuntas, debates y actividades de puesta en común de información en los que participan empleadores y trabajadores. Un diálogo social que funcione adecuadamente constituye una herramienta clave para conformar las condiciones laborales, y en este diálogo intervienen diversos agentes a diferentes escalas. Equilibra los intereses de trabajadores y empresarios y contribuye tanto a la competitividad económica, como a la cohesión social.

Los recientes debates políticos a escala de la UE han puesto de relieve que, en especial a partir de la crisis de 2008, la aparición de nuevos debates sobre la justicia social, la democracia, la calidad del trabajo y los modelos nuevos de relaciones laborales han constituido un desafío para los sistemas tradicionales de relaciones laborales y diálogo social.

Treinta años después de la histórica inauguración del diálogo social europeo en Val Duchesse en Bruselas, la Comisión relanzó el proceso con un «nuevo comienzo del diálogo social» en un evento de alto nivel celebrado el 5 de marzo de 2015 al que acudieron organizaciones de interlocutores sociales de toda Europa. El diálogo social europeo es un instrumento de la política social de la UE, y contribuye directamente a la conformación de la legislación y las políticas comunitarias en materia laboral.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Los encargados de la formulación de políticas necesitan datos acreditativos contrastados para comprender los cambios que se producen en el mercado laboral, y responder a la dinámica de transformación de las relaciones laborales en Europa. Eurofound utiliza los datos y los análisis obtenidos de su Red de corresponsales en los 28 Estados miembros de la UE y Noruega para clasificar tendencias y patrones, y subrayar los ejemplos de diálogo social de adecuado funcionamiento en el ámbito europeo y nacional.

La investigación de Eurofound aborda aspectos como la participación de los trabajadores, la negociación colectiva, la representación de los empleados y las relaciones laborales a todos los niveles. Examina asimismo la medida en que tales relaciones se han adaptado a la aparición y el auge de las organizaciones multinacionales. Adopta además una perspectiva global, y compara en este sentido los sistemas de relaciones laborales y sus resultados en economías al margen de la UE, como las de Estados Unidos y Japón.

Aportaciones fundamentales

Eurofound ha generado un amplio volumen de trabajo a lo largo de los 40 años que ha examinado las numerosas facetas del diálogo social en Europa y sus cambios, a diversas escalas: empresarial, nacional, europea e internacional.

En los últimos años, Eurofound ha llevado a cabo análisis pormenorizados de distintos asuntos fundamentales del diálogo social, como: 

Los estudios sobre representatividad de Eurofound, llevados a cabo en múltiples sectores, con arreglo a un mandato de la Comisión de 2006, proporcionan la información básica necesaria para la constitución y el funcionamiento de los comités sectoriales europeos de diálogo social.

Recursos

Desarrollado en 2005 como herramienta de consulta en línea para encargados de la formulación de políticas y profesionales, el Diccionario europeo de relaciones laborales constituye una valiosa fuente de información sobre empleo y relaciones laborales en la UE. Los perfiles nacionales en materia de relaciones laborales ofrecen información contextual relevante sobre las estructuras, instituciones y normativas que subyacen a la vida laboral en los Estados miembros de la UE28 y Noruega a escala de la Unión.

Con las bases de datos sobre negociación salarial colectiva y salarios, tiempo de trabajo y conflictos colectivos se pretende proporcionar a los investigadores y los encargados de formular políticas información cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre estas cuestiones en el conjunto de los Estados miembros y Noruega desde 2000 hasta la actualidad.

Key outputs

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En los últimos años, salvo algunos picos de actividad intermitentes, se ha observado una disminución general de las protestas laborales en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Durante la...

7 Febrero 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Como parte de su mandato de promover el diálogo entre los interlocutores sociales, Eurofound ha realizado un seguimiento y un análisis de la evolución de los sistemas de relaciones laborales...

11 Diciembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the postal and courier activities sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

20 February 2017

Evidence from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain reveals that social partners are closely involved in setting up national strategies to manage digital change in the world of work. Up to now, this has been a high-level affair and there are only a few collective agreements or

30 January 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the shipbuilding sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected

27 January 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the sugar manufacturing sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in

18 January 2017

This article examines national-level initiatives aimed at strengthening social dialogue among social partners in five Member States: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Latvia and Lithuania. It summarises the content of the programmes, reviews the outcomes of the evaluations and offers a view of

16 January 2017

Teachers across Europe have been protesting about their working conditions. Pay levels and pay inequalities, working time and workload, recruitment procedures and staffing at schools have been the main focus of social dialogue and collective action. Several of the reported cases are set in the

09 January 2017

The Foundation Seminar Series (FSS) is an opportunity for governments, trade unions and employers to share knowledge and experiences on the development of EU social, employment and work-related policies.

23 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the health sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes all

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the education sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS). The sector includes

22 December 2016

This paper is one in a series of sector profiles giving an overview of structural characteristics, work organisation practices, human resource management, employee participation and social dialogue in the public administration and defence sector. It is based on the third European Company Survey (ECS

22 December 2016

Online resources results (435)

Belgium: Trade unions criticise pension reform proposals

Proposed reforms to Belgium's pension system will – along with other changes – extend the retirement age to 67 by 2030. The proposed reforms have attracted strong criticism from the country's trade unions, but support from employer associations.

Malta: Role of the national institution for social dialogue

There has been increasing discussion about the role of the Malta Council for Economic and Social Development (MCESD), a tripartite national institution for social dialogue. The Malta Workers’ Union (UHM) said in March that the council was unduly influenced by the government, while the island’s

Hungary: Employers take part in project to improve their skills

Employers in Hungary are taking part in a project to improve their skills and knowledge.

Malta: Journalists barred from hearing employment proposals

Journalists have attacked the decision by the Malta Council for Economic and Social Development (MCESD) to bar them from hearing new proposals on employment.

Luxembourg: Efforts to return to tripartism

After signing a bilateral agreement with employer representatives, and another with unions, the Luxembourg government has begun encouraging the social partners to return to the country’s former tradition of tripartite consultation. At the same time, tripartite meetings have been held as part of the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Noviembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junio 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Octubre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Octubre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Abril 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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