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Płaca i dochód

Płaca i dochód to kluczowe elementy stosunków pracy i jakości życia. Kwestii tej poświęcono jeszcze więcej uwagi na poziomie UE ze względu na zmiany spowodowane kryzysem w gospodarce i całym społeczeństwie.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps...
Podcast
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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Styczeń 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Europejski filar praw społecznych określa zobowiązania UE w zakresie wynagrodzeń: prawo pracowników do sprawiedliwych wynagrodzeń, które zapewniają godny poziom życia; zapewnienie odpowiednich płac minimalnych; zapobieganie ubóstwu pracujących.

Działalność Eurofound

Eurofound regularnie sporządza sprawozdania na temat różnych aspektów płacy i dochodu w świetle zmieniających się warunków gospodarczych w całej Europie.

Monitorowanie płac

Dzięki Europejskiemu Obserwatorium Życia Zawodowego (EurWORK) Eurofound gromadzi szereg informacji na temat płac. Regularny charakter sprawozdawczości umożliwia uzyskiwanie dłuższych serii spostrzeżeń na temat płac uzgodnionych w drodze układów zbiorowych, dzięki czemu możliwe jest monitorowanie tendencji. Eurofound regularnie publikuje aktualizacje tematyczne dotyczące ustawowych plac minimalnych i płac uzgodnionych w drodze układów zbiorowych. Monitoruje również zmiany na szczeblu krajowym w odniesieniu do mechanizmów ustalania wynagrodzenia, równości wynagrodzenia, zmiennego poziomu wynagrodzenia, niskiego wynagrodzenia i zróżnicowania wynagrodzenia ze względu na płeć.

Krajowe profile życia zawodowego zawierają informacje na temat płac na szczeblu krajowym i są regularnie aktualizowane. Eurofound prowadzi dwie bazy danych dotyczących płac (zob. źródła poniżej).

Europejski Monitor Zatrudnienia Eurofound (EJM) dokonuje oceny zmian w zatrudnieniu według zawodu, zgodnie z różnymi pomiarami jakościowymi, w tym płacami. W szczególności wnosi swój wkład w naszą wiedzę na temat zjawiska polaryzacji zatrudnienia, czyli zakresu, w jakim wzrost zatrudnienia prawdopodobnie będzie większy w górnej i dolnej części rozkładu wynagrodzenia niż pośrodku.

Dane z badań

W ramach badań prowadzonych przez Eurofound monitorowane są również warunki płac w UE. Płace są kluczowym elementem badań oceniających jakość pracy przeprowadzanych przez Eurofound.W europejskim badaniu warunków pracy (EWCS) zarobki są jednym z siedmiu wskaźników jakości pracy. EWCS obejmuje również informacje na temat zróżnicowania wynagrodzenia ze względu na płeć. Zapoznaj się z interaktywnym narzędziem do wizualizacji danych EWCS.

Europejskie badanie jakości życia (EQLS) umożliwia monitorowanie wpływu dochodu na poziom życia oraz sposób, w jaki nierówności dochodowe są powiązane ze spójnością społeczną i samopoczuciem. Daje możliwość przeanalizowania sposobu, w jaki kryzys wpłynął na rodziny w przypadku rodzin o niskim dochodzie, zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych i grup zagrożonych ubóstwem. EQLS umożliwia również gromadzenie informacji na temat dochodu po przejściu na emeryturę i możliwościach wydłużenia życia zawodowego. Zapoznaj się z interaktywnym narzędziem do wizualizacji danych EQLS.

W ramach europejskiego badania przedsiębiorstw (ECS) przedstawiono wykorzystanie zmiennych systemów wynagrodzeń w zakładach, jak również objęcie pracowników tych przedsiębiorstw układami zbiorowymi dotyczącymi wynagrodzeń. Badanie pozwala powiązać informacje na temat zmiennego poziomu wynagrodzenia i negocjacji płacowych z informacjami na temat organizacji pracy, zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi, bezpośredniej partycypacji pracowników i dialogu społecznego, jak również z wydajnością i samopoczuciem w miejscu pracy.

Key outputs

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Roczny przegląd płac minimalnych w 2023 r. przygotowano w kontekście bezprecedensowej inflacji w całej Europie. Chociaż w wielu państwach inflacja doprowadziła do gwałtownego wzrostu nominalnych stawek płac, w wielu przypadkach...

29 Czerwiec 2023
Publication
Research report
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W niniejszym sprawozdaniu zbadano kwestię podziału bogactwa gospodarstw domowych w państwach członkowskich i przeanalizowano rolę bogactwa w mobilności społecznej. Na podstawie danych z trzech zbiorów danych [badanie na temat finansów...

30 Marzec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

The recent enlargement of the European Union has changed the context within which poverty and social exclusion in the Member States is understood and has highlighted the need for an expanded approach to these problems. Enlargement has widened the gap in living standards between the richest and

11 October 2005

The problem of working poverty is increasingly pressing given the higher average incidence of the phenomenon in the new Member States. It represents a complex and challenging issue for European societies, as it can arise due to either individual or household circumstances. The Foundation’s project

15 October 2004

At the heart of this Foundation study is an examination of measures and mechanisms for more coordinated policy development and implementation, leading to a more effective delivery of services to minimum income recipients. Information is being gathered on the most widely used minimum income schemes

05 October 2000

Online resources results (888)

Romania: New law aims to reduce pay inequality in the public sector

New government legislation to reduce financial inequalities in the public sector will see workers receive considerable wage increases, the introduction of paid overtime and a reduction in the wage gap. However, some employer organisations fear such legislation could see an exodus of workers from the

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

New apprenticeship legislation, an ombudsman’s report on unpaid wages and posted workers, failure of the ‘mini-labour law reform’ and the resulting amendments to a range of labour legislation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Romania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Strikes on the railways and in manufacturing, protests over public sector pay, and consultations on changes to social dialogue and labour legislation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Romania in the second

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Mounting pressure to end the 1% pay cap on public sector workers, falling union membership, the ‘gig economy’, and a strike at British Airways are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the United Kingdom in the second

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

A strike at Volkswagen Slovakia over pay negotiations and the introduction of stricter conditions for the support given to unemployed workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the second quarter of

Denmark: Private sector collective agreements concluded – despite difficulties

Collective agreements concluded in March in the private sector provided for small wage increases and improvements to education and training. However, many union members voted against an agreement about systematic overtime and measures to avoid social dumping. The deals follow the pace-setting

Spain: Milestone agreement in retail sector

An agreement between social partners in the Spanish retail sector will govern working and employment conditions for the next three years. About 260,000 employees are expected to benefit from this agreement, which is likely to set the standards for other sector agreements due to be negotiated during

Latvia: Impact of austerity measures on the public health sector

Workers in Latvia’s public healthcare sector have protested about the less favourable working conditions in their sector, not just low pay, but also the level of shift work, overtime work and work during public holidays.

Ireland: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Agreement on an earlier pay rise for public service staff, strikes at Tesco and Bus Éireann, and proposals on minimum pay and working hours for security guards are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Ireland in the

Slovenia: Doctors' agreement could destabilise public sector salary system

After six months of tough negotiations and industrial action by doctors, the government and the doctors’ trade union finally signed a collective agreement in March 2017. Doctors achieved most of their demands, which related to working standards as well as wages. The annual cost of the agreement has


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maj 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Styczeń 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 Sierpień 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Czerwiec 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 Październik 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Czerwiec 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Czerwiec 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 Kwiecień 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 luty 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (4)

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