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Abstract

Ca parte a mandatului său de promovare a dialogului între partenerii sociali, Eurofound monitorizează și analizează evoluțiile sistemelor de relații de muncă la nivelul UE și în statele membre ale Uniunii de peste 40 de ani. Acest raport emblematic are la bază activitatea desfășurată în acest context în ultima perioadă de programare a agenției (2015-2019) și este fundamentat pe monitorizarea extinsă a sistemelor de relații de muncă și a dialogului social, realizată de Eurofound în mod permanent. Scopul general al raportului este acela de a sprijini factorii de decizie și actorii implicați în relațiile de muncă atât în înțelegerea provocărilor care apar în dialogul social, cât și în identificarea posibilelor modalități de a contribui la realizarea unor sisteme de relații de muncă echilibrate și operaționale în viitor.

Key findings

La nivelul Europei există un volum impresionant de inițiative comune rezultate din dialogul social european, însă puține acorduri încheiate.

În unele sectoare s-a exprimat preocuparea că solicitările partenerilor sociali de punere în aplicare a acordurilor încheiate prin intermediul legislației UE au fost respinse și că sunt necesare legături mai bune între nivelul UE și cel național.

La nivel național, relațiile de muncă rămân foarte diverse în cadrul UE. Analiza Eurofound sugerează o diferență netă între țările (nordice și continentale) care înregistrează cele mai bune punctaje în materie de democrație a relațiilor de muncă și statele membre sudice, liberale și din zona centrală și de est (ECE).

Mai puțin de unul din trei (29 %) locuri de muncă (cu cel puțin 10 lucrători) din UE dispun de o formă de reprezentare a angajaților. Prezența acestor reprezentanți este determinată în principal de cerințele legislative.

Investind în dialogul social în „vremurile bune”, ne asigurăm că ne vom putea baza pe acesta și în perioadele de criză. Analiza primelor răspunsuri de politici la pandemia de COVID-19 arată că implicarea partenerilor sociali a fost în general mai semnificativă în țările în care dialogul social are, prin tradiție, un rol important.

List of tables

Table 1: Main EU cross-sectoral joint texts, November 2014–November 2019
Table 2: European Pillar of Social Rights
Table 3: Results of the mapping exercise on capacity gaps and needs among national social partners
Table 4: Social partners’ involvement in social and labour policymaking
Table 5: Recitals with explicit references to capacity building in the 2019 CSRs
Table 6: Contextual indicators for industrial democracy
Table 7: Dimensions and indicators of industrial democracy
Table 8: Industrial democracy clusters in the EU27 and the UK, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017
Table 9: Selected developments in social partner organisations, 2014–2019
Table 10: Member States in which respondents were most and least likely to have received training as an employee representative
Table 11: Employee representatives perceiving levels of appreciation from employees by industrial democracy cluster (%)
Table 12: Direct and indirect forms of employee involvement in the most important organisational change
Table 13: Views of management and employee representatives on the degree of influence of employees and their representatives
Table 14: Extent of mutual trust between employee representatives and management (%)
Table A1: Types of employee representatives included in the ECS 2019

List of figures

Figure 1: European social dialogue outcomes by type of text (as at 29 July 2020)
Figure 2: National social partners’ involvement in peak-level social dialogue in 2018
Figure 3: Trade union density rates by industrial democracy cluster, 2000, 2014 and 2018 (%)
Figure 4: Collective bargaining coverage rates by industrial democracy cluster, 2000, 2014 and 2018 (%)
Figure 5: Private sector collective bargaining coverage and patterns by industrial democracy cluster, 2019 (%)
Figure 6: Prevalence and type of workplace-level employee representation by country and industrial democracy cluster (%)
Figure 7: Proportion of employees covered by official employee representation by industrial democracy cluster
Figure 8: Proportion of companies in the ECS to which certain legal rules and size thresholds on employee representation apply
Figure 9: Probability that any form of employee representation will exist in an establishment by establishment size and sector (%)
Figure 10: Influence of legal rules and thresholds on probability of representation (%)
Figure 11: Influence of company employment developments, competitiveness and workforce structure on probability of representation (%)
Figure 12: Years of experience as an employee representative by gender (%)
Figure 13: Proportion of respondents by type of representation and establishment size
Figure 14: Working time available to employee representatives by industrial democracy cluster (%)
Figure 15: Training for employee representatives by type and establishment size (%)
Figure 16: Access of employee representatives to funding for external advice by type of representation and establishment size (%)
Figure 17: Proportion of employee representatives reporting estimated shares of trade union membership in their establishments (%)
Figure 18: Employee representatives meeting with employees during and outside working hours (%)
Figure 19: Existence and use of a dedicated social media account to communicate with employees by length of experience of the employee representative (%)
Figure 20: Employee representatives receiving information (financial, employment and strategic) from management by industrial democracy cluster (%)
Figure 21: Employee representatives expressing satisfaction with the quality of information and reporting receiving it in good time (%)
Figure 22: Employee representatives’ involvement in various types of pay negotiations (%)
Figure 23: Employee representatives’ involvement in pay negotiations by industrial democracy cluster (%)
Figure 24: Employee representatives’ involvement in pay negotiations by type of representation (%)
Figure 25: Employee representatives reporting organisational changes since 2016 (%)
Figure 26: Areas of most important change since 2016, as reported by employee representatives (%)
Figure 27: Involvement of employee representatives in the most important organisational change by industrial democracy cluster (%)
Figure 28: Initiator and form of social dialogue (%)
Figure 29: Forms of indirect and direct employee involvement in the most important organisational change (%)
Figure 30: Distribution of combinations of direct and indirect employee involvement by type of employee representation (%)
Figure 31: Employee representatives’ views on direct involvement of employees (%)
Figure 32: Employee representatives’ views on influence of representatives and employees on major organisational changes (%)
Figure 33: Employee representatives’ views on great or moderate influence of employees and representatives on organisational change by area (%)
Figure 34: Employee representatives’ views on levels of trust in management and whether management listens (%)
Figure 35: Trust in and relationship with management by frequency of meeting (%)

Number of pages
120
Reference nº
EF20023
ISBN
978-92-897-2137-0
Catalogue nº
TJ-06-20-066-EN-N
DOI
10.2806/994718
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