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Plače in dohodki

Plače in dohodki so ključnega pomena za odnose med delodajalci in delojemalci ter kakovost življenja. To vprašanje je na ravni EU deležno še večje pozornosti zaradi sprememb v gospodarstvu in družbi na splošno, ki jih je povzročila kriza.

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Januar 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Evropski steber socialnih pravic določa zaveze EU glede plač: pravico delavcev do pravičnih plač, ki zagotavljajo dostojen življenjski standard, zagotavljanje primerne minimalne plače ter preprečevanje revščine zaposlenih.

Delo Eurofounda

Eurofound redno poroča o različnih vidikih plač in dohodkov glede na spreminjajoče se gospodarske razmere v Evropi.

Spremljanje plač

Eurofound prek Evropske opazovalnice delovnega življenja (EurWORK) zbira različne informacije o plačah. Redno poročanje zagotavlja obsežnejše ugotovitve o plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami, kar omogoča spremljanje trendov. Eurofound redno objavlja aktualne informacije o zakonsko določenih minimalnih plačah in plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami. Poleg tega spremlja razvoj na nacionalni ravni v zvezi z mehanizmi določanja plač, enakim plačilom, variabilnim delom plače, nizkimi plačami in razlikami v plačilu med spoloma.

Profili držav glede delovnega življenja vsebujejo informacije o plačah na nacionalni ravni in se redno posodabljajo. EurWORK vzdržuje dve zbirki podatkov o plačah (glej vire v nadaljevanju).

Eurofoundov evropski center za spremljanje delovnih mest (EJM) ocenjuje spremembe v zaposlovanju po delovnih mestih v skladu z različnimi kvalitativnimi ukrepi, vključno s plačo. Zlasti prispeva k našemu poznavanju pojava polarizacije zaposlovanja – obseg, v katerem bo rast zaposlovanja verjetno večja na vrhu in dnu porazdelitve plač kot na sredini.

Podatki iz raziskave

V okviru Eurofoundovih raziskav se spremljajo tudi plačilni pogoji v EU. Plače so v središču Eurofoundovih raziskav pri ocenjevanju kakovosti delovnih mest. V evropski raziskavi o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) so plače eden od sedmih kazalnikov kakovosti delovnih mest. V raziskavi je omenjena tudi razlika v plačilu med spoloma. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EWCS.

V okviru evropske raziskave o kakovosti življenja (EQLS) se spremljajo vpliv dohodka na življenjske standarde in povezave med neenakostjo dohodkov ter socialno kohezijo in dobrim počutjem. Analizira vpliv krize na družine, pri čemer se upoštevajo družine z nizkimi dohodki, zadolženost gospodinjstev in skupine, ki jim grozi revščina. V okviru raziskave EQLS se zbirajo tudi informacije o dohodkih v pokoju in možnostih za podaljšanje delovne dobe. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EQLS.

V evropski raziskavi podjetij (ECS) sta zajeta uporaba sistemov variabilnega dela plač v organizacijah in vključenost zaposlenih v take organizacije na podlagi kolektivnih pogodb o plačah. Raziskava omogoča povezavo informacij o variabilnem delu plač in pogajanjih o plačah z informacijami o organizaciji dela, upravljanju človeških virov, neposredni udeležbi zaposlenih in socialnem dialogu, pa tudi z uspešnostjo in dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu.

Key outputs

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Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report
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Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo...

24 Januar 2023
Publication
Research report
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V tem poročilu je preučena porazdelitev premoženja med gospodinjstvi v državah članicah EU in analiziran pomen premoženja za družbeno gibljivost. Uporabljeni so podatki iz treh naborov (raziskave o finančnih sredstvih...

30 Marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih plač, kar pa v mnogih primerih ni bilo dovolj za ohranitev kupne moči delavcev. To poročilo na podlagi

29 June 2023

Problematika cenovne nedostopnosti stanovanj je v EU zelo zaskrbljujoča. Vodi do brezdomstva, stanovanjske negotovosti, finančne preobremenjenosti in neustreznih stanovanjskih razmer. Poleg tega mladim preprečuje, da bi zapustili dom staršev. Te težave vplivajo na zdravje in dobro počutje ljudi

30 May 2023

Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo kazalnikov iz večdimenzionalnega okvira za spremljanje neenakosti (MIMF

24 January 2023

To poročilo je pripravljeno v okviru triletnega pilotnega projekta (2021–2023) Vloga minimalne plače pri uvedbi univerzalnega jamstva za delo, ki ga je Evropska komisija poverila Eurofoundu. Poročilo se osredotoča na modul 3 projekta, v okviru katerega se raziskujejo minimalne plače in druge oblike

30 November 2022

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Potem ko so bile minimalne plače za leto 2021 določene z dobršno mero previdnosti, so se v letu 2022 njihovi nominalni zneski bistveno povišali, saj so se negativne posledice pandemije umirile, gospodarstva in trgi dela pa so si opomogli. Minimalne plače je dvignilo 20 od 21 držav članic EU, ki

15 June 2022

Online resources results (888)

Social partners agree three-year national programme

The primary objectives of Partnership 2000 (P2000) are: " the continued development of an efficient modern economy capable of high and sustainable economic and employment growth and operating within the constraints of international competitiveness, ensuring that Irish society becomes more inclusive

Article

Job security agreement at Blue Circle

In January 1997, the cement company, Blue Circle (BCC), and two of Britain's largest trade unions, the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) and the General Municipal and Boilermakers Union (GMB), agreed what has been described as a "ground breaking" deal which gives a guarantee of job security

Public sector pay policies

Three independent pay review bodies were created more than 25 years ago in what has been described as an attempt "to remove a range of highly sensitive settlements from the political arena" (P Bassett, /The Times,/ 7 February 1997). They recommended pay increases for doctors and dentists, the most

Apparent breakdown of Belgian central bargaining

For the first time since 1960, the Belgian social partners have failed to reach an intersectoral pay agreement and have instead accepted government imposition of measures on employment and maximum pay increases. This development runs counter to all traditions of free collective bargaining and the

Low wages in a high-wage economy

Compared to many other western industrialised countries, Germany has the image of being a high-wage economy with a relatively low inequality of incomes and living standards. This is mainly the result of the German system of branch-level central collective bargaining (Flächentarifvertrag), where

Bargaining in 1996 - from the Employment Alliance to the sick pay dispute

The Institute for Economics and Social Science (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut, WSI) has recently published its annual examination of the previous collective bargaining round. It paints a rather mixed picture of 1996, a year in which collective bargaining was overshadowed by

Proposal to exempt long-term unemployed people from legal minimum wage

The Dutch Government wants to allow employers temporary exemptions from the legal minimum wage [1] (WML- wettelijk minimumloon), and to that end, a bill was submitted to Parliament in 1996. The target group consists of long-term unemployed people aged between 20 and 65. The purpose of the bill is to

Metalworking collective agreement signed after nine months of negotiations

On 4 February, following a mediation proposal by the Government, the national metalworking collective agreement was signed. Negotiations had lasted for nine months and were marked by moments of breakdown and conflict which resulted in strikes. The metalworking settlement, which covers some 1.5


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maj 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Januar 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 Avgust 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Junij 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 Oktober 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Junij 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junij 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 April 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 Februar 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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