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Odmeňovanie a príjem

Odmeňovanie a príjem stoja v centre pracovnoprávnych vzťahov a kvality života. Vzhľadom na vývoj v ekonomike a celkovo v spoločnosti vyvolaný krízou sa tejto problematike venuje na úrovni EÚ ešte viac pozornosti.

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 január 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

V Európskom pilieri sociálnych práv sa stanovujú záväzky EÚ týkajúce sa miezd: právo pracovníkov na spravodlivú mzdu, ktorá im zabezpečí dôstojnú životnú úroveň, zaistenie adekvátnej minimálnej mzdy a predchádzanie chudobe pracujúcich.

Práca nadácie Eurofound

Nadácia Eurofound pravidelne vydáva správy o rôznych aspektoch odmeňovania a príjmu vzhľadom na meniacu sa hospodársku situáciu v Európe.

Monitorovanie odmeňovania

Nadácia Eurofound prostredníctvom svojho Európskeho monitorovacieho centra pracovného života (EurWORK) zhromažďuje množstvo informácií o odmeňovaní. Vďaka pravidelnosti týchto správ je k dispozícii dlhšia séria pozorovaní o dohodnutej odmene, čo umožňuje sledovať trendy v jej vývoji. Nadácia Eurofound pravidelne uverejňuje aktuálne informácie o zákonom stanovenej minimálnej mzde a dohodnutej odmene. Monitoruje aj vývoj na vnútroštátnej úrovni vo vzťahu k mechanizmom stanovovania miezd, rovnosti odmeny, pohyblivej odmene, nízkym odmenám a rozdielom v odmeňovaní žien a mužov.

Profily krajín z hľadiska pracovného času obsahujú informácie o odmeňovaní na vnútroštátnej úrovni a pravidelne sa aktualizujú. Nadácia EurWORK na tému odmeňovania vedie dve databázy (pozri zdroje nižšie).

V rámci jej európskeho nástroja na monitorovanie pracovných miest (EJM)sa vyhodnocujú zmeny v zamestnanosti podľa zamestnania na základe rôznych kvalitatívnych meraní vrátane odmeny. Vo výraznej miere prispieva k prehľadu o tzv. polarizácii zamestnanosti, čiže miere, do akej sa predpokladá, že rast zamestnanosti bude väčší na vrchnej a spodnej úrovni rozdelenia miezd než na strednej.  

Údaje z prieskumu

V prieskumoch nadácie Eurofound sa monitorujú aj podmienky odmeňovania v EÚ. Odmeňovanie je pre nadáciu Eurofound v rámci jej výskumu týkajúceho sa vyhodnocovania kvality práce v centre pozornosti. V Európskom prieskume pracovných podmienok (EWCS) je príjem jedným zo siedmich indikátorov kvality práce. V rámci prieskumu EWCS sa informuje aj o rozdiele v odmeňovaní žien a mužov. Pozrite si interaktívny nástroj na vizualizáciu údajov z prieskumu EWCS.

V rámci Európskeho prieskumu kvality života (EQLS) sa monitoruje vplyv príjmu na životnú úroveň a to, ako príjmová nerovnosť súvisí so sociálnou kohéziou a pohodou. Analyzuje sa tu, ako kríza ovplyvnila rodiny, skúmajú sa rodiny s nízkymi príjmami, zadĺženie domácnosti a skupiny, ktorým hrozí chudoba. V prieskume EQLS sa získavajú informácie aj o príjmoch na dôchodku a možnostiach predĺženia pracovného života. Pozrite si interaktívny nástroj na vizualizáciu údajov z prieskumu EQLS.

V Európskom prieskume podnikov (ECS) sa zachytáva používanie rôznych režimov odmeňovania v organizáciách, ako aj krytie zamestnancov v týchto organizáciách kolektívnymi dohodami o mzdových podmienkach. Prieskum umožňuje prepojiť informácie o rôznom odmeňovaní a vyjednávaní o mzdách s informáciami o organizácii práce, riadení ľudských zdrojov, priamej účasti zamestnancov a sociálnom dialógu, ako aj s výkonom a dobrými podmienkami na pracovisku.

Key outputs

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Výročný prehľad minimálnych miezd za rok 2023 bol vypracovaný v kontexte bezprecedentnej inflácie v celej Európe. Hoci to v mnohých krajinách viedlo k prudkému zvýšeniu nominálnych mzdových sadzieb, v mnohých...

29 jún 2023
Publication
Research report
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V tejto správe sa skúma rozdelenie bohatstva domácností v členských štátoch EÚ a analyzuje sa úloha bohatstva v rámci sociálnej mobility. Na základe údajov z troch súborov údajov (prieskum financií a spotreby v domácnostiach, výskum zdravia, starnutie...

30 marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

Výročný prehľad minimálnych miezd za rok 2023 bol vypracovaný v kontexte bezprecedentnej inflácie v celej Európe. Hoci to v mnohých krajinách viedlo k prudkému zvýšeniu nominálnych mzdových sadzieb, v mnohých prípadoch to nestačilo na udržanie kúpnej sily pracovníkov. Na základe vývoja za posledné

29 June 2023

Nedostupné bývanie je v EÚ zdrojom veľkého znepokojenia. Vedie k životu bezdomovca, neistote v oblasti bývania, finančnej záťaži a neprimeranému bývaniu. Zabraňuje tiež mladým ľuďom opustiť rodný domov. Tieto problémy ovplyvňujú zdravie a spokojnosť ľudí, sú prejavom nerovnakých životných podmienok

30 May 2023

Dôsledky pandémie COVID-19 pre jednotlivé sociálne skupiny sa líšia v závislosti od existujúcich nevýhod a panuje všeobecné presvedčenie, že pandémia prehĺbila nerovnosti v rôznych oblastiach života. Vychádzajúc z ukazovateľov monitorovacieho rámca viacrozmernej nerovnosti (MIMF) sa v tejto správe

24 January 2023

Táto správa bola vypracovaná v rámci trojročného pilotného projektu (2021 – 2023) s názvom Úloha minimálnej mzdy pri vytváraní všeobecnej záruky práce, ktorým Európska komisia poverila nadáciu Eurofound. Zameriava sa na modul 3 projektu, ktorý skúma minimálne mzdy a iné formy odmeňovania samostatne

30 November 2022

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Po opatrnom kole stanovovania minimálnej mzdy na rok 2021 sa nominálne sadzby na rok 2022 výrazne zvýšili, keďže negatívne dôsledky pandémie sa zmiernili a postavenie ekonomík a trhov práce sa zlepšilo. V tejto súvislosti svoje sadzby zvýšilo 20 z 21 členských štátov EÚ so zákonom stanovenou

15 June 2022

Online resources results (888)

Social partners agree three-year national programme

The primary objectives of Partnership 2000 (P2000) are: " the continued development of an efficient modern economy capable of high and sustainable economic and employment growth and operating within the constraints of international competitiveness, ensuring that Irish society becomes more inclusive

Article

Job security agreement at Blue Circle

In January 1997, the cement company, Blue Circle (BCC), and two of Britain's largest trade unions, the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) and the General Municipal and Boilermakers Union (GMB), agreed what has been described as a "ground breaking" deal which gives a guarantee of job security

Public sector pay policies

Three independent pay review bodies were created more than 25 years ago in what has been described as an attempt "to remove a range of highly sensitive settlements from the political arena" (P Bassett, /The Times,/ 7 February 1997). They recommended pay increases for doctors and dentists, the most

Low wages in a high-wage economy

Compared to many other western industrialised countries, Germany has the image of being a high-wage economy with a relatively low inequality of incomes and living standards. This is mainly the result of the German system of branch-level central collective bargaining (Flächentarifvertrag), where

Apparent breakdown of Belgian central bargaining

For the first time since 1960, the Belgian social partners have failed to reach an intersectoral pay agreement and have instead accepted government imposition of measures on employment and maximum pay increases. This development runs counter to all traditions of free collective bargaining and the

Bargaining in 1996 - from the Employment Alliance to the sick pay dispute

The Institute for Economics and Social Science (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut, WSI) has recently published its annual examination of the previous collective bargaining round. It paints a rather mixed picture of 1996, a year in which collective bargaining was overshadowed by

Proposal to exempt long-term unemployed people from legal minimum wage

The Dutch Government wants to allow employers temporary exemptions from the legal minimum wage [1] (WML- wettelijk minimumloon), and to that end, a bill was submitted to Parliament in 1996. The target group consists of long-term unemployed people aged between 20 and 65. The purpose of the bill is to

Metalworking collective agreement signed after nine months of negotiations

On 4 February, following a mediation proposal by the Government, the national metalworking collective agreement was signed. Negotiations had lasted for nine months and were marked by moments of breakdown and conflict which resulted in strikes. The metalworking settlement, which covers some 1.5


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 máj 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 január 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 august 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 jún 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 október 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 apríl 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 február 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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