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Social dialog

Social dialog kan defineres som forhandlinger, konsultationer, fælles foranstaltninger, drøftelser og informationsudveksling mellem arbejdsgivere og arbejdstagere. En velfungerende social dialog er et centralt redskab ved udformningen af arbejdsvilkår og inddrager en række forskellige aktører på forskellige niveauer. Den skaber balance mellem arbejdstageres og arbejdsgiveres interesser og bidrager til både økonomisk konkurrenceevne og social samhørighed.

Det er i de seneste politiske debatter på EU-plan blevet fremhævet, at fremkomsten af nye debatter om social retfærdighed, demokrati, arbejdskvalitet og nye modeller for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer, navnlig siden krisen i 2008, har udfordret de traditionelle systemer for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer og social dialog.

30 år efter den historiske lancering af den europæiske sociale dialog i Val Duchesse i Bruxelles relancerede Kommissionen processen i form af en ny start for social dialog i forbindelse med et arrangement på højt niveau den 5. marts 2015, der samlede arbejdsmarkedets parter fra hele Europa. Den europæiske sociale dialog er et social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitisk instrument i EU og bidrager direkte til udformningen af EU's arbejdsmarkedslovgivning og -politikker.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofounds arbejde

De politiske beslutningstagere har brug for solid dokumentation for at forstå de forandringer, der finder sted på arbejdsmarkedet, og reagere på den ændrede dynamik i arbejdsmarkedsrelationerne i Europa. Eurofound anvender data og analyser fra sit netværk af korrespondenter i de 28 EU-medlemsstater og Norge til at kortlægge tendenser og mønstre og pege på eksempler på en velfungerende social dialog på både europæisk og nationalt plan.

Eurofounds forskning undersøger aspekter såsom medarbejderdeltagelse, kollektive forhandlinger, arbejdstagerrepræsentation og arbejdsmarkedsrelationer på alle niveauer. Den undersøger, i hvilket omfang arbejdsmarkedsrelationerne har tilpasset sig fremkomsten af multinationale organisationer. Og den anlægger også et globalt perspektiv ved at sammenligne arbejdsmarkedsordningerne og -resultaterne i økonomier uden for EU, f.eks. USA og Japan.

Væsentlige bidrag

Eurofound har udført et stort arbejde, der strækker sig over 40 år, og har kortlagt de mange og ændrede facetter af den sociale dialog i Europa på forskellige niveauer: virksomhedsniveau, nationalt, europæisk og internationalt niveau.

I de seneste år har Eurofound foretaget indgående analyser af forskellige emner, der er centrale for den sociale dialog, f.eks.: 

Eurofounds undersøgelser om repræsentativitet, som er foretaget i mange forskellige sektorer på grundlag af et mandat fra Kommissionen i 2006, tilvejebringer de grundlæggende oplysninger, der er nødvendige for de europæiske sektordialogudvalgs oprettelse og funktion.

Ressourcer

EU-ordlisten over arbejdsmarkedsbegreber, der blev udviklet i 2005 som et elektronisk referenceværktøj for politiske beslutningstagere og aktører, er en værdifuld samling af oplysninger om beskæftigelse og arbejdsmarkedsrelationer i EU. Landeprofilerne for arbejdsliv giver relevante baggrundsoplysninger om de strukturer, institutioner og bestemmelser, der ligger til grund for arbejdslivet i de 28 EU-medlemsstater og Norge samt på EU-plan.

Databaser over kollektive lønforhandlinger og lønninger, arbejdstid og kollektive konflikter har til formål at give forskere og politiske beslutningstagere kvantitative og kvalitative oplysninger om disse emner i alle medlemsstater og Norge fra 2000 og indtil i dag.

Key outputs

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I de senere år har der været et generelt fald i antallet af faglige aktioner i EU's medlemsstater, dog afbrudt af stigninger i visse år. Under covid-19-pandemien er denne tendens...

7 februar 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 marts 2021
Publication
Other
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Som en del af sit mandat til at fremme dialogen mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter har Eurofound i mere end 40 år overvåget og analyseret udviklingen i systemerne for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer på EU-plan...

11 december 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Romania: New law enhances role of trade unions in collective bargaining process

Following long efforts on the part of trade unions, the Social Dialogue Act was amended, allowing the representative federations at sectoral level to conclude collective agreements in establishments where the trade union organisation is not representative at company level.

France: Government launches major reform of the labour market

On 4 November, the government presented the outline of its bill, 'A labour code for the 21st century' ,aimed at reforming the French labour code.

Greece: Hopes dashed on plans for collective bargaining

Negotiations to restore the national minimum wage to its pre-2012 level were welcomed by the Greek social partners in May 2015. However, the process was stopped after Greece signed a new loan agreement with its creditors (IMF, EU, ECB, and ESM). Under this, any changes must be agreed by the

Spain: Impact of social dialogue among workers with disabilities

A report on the reasons for the limited integration of people with disabilities in the labour market in Spain concludes that there is no uniform approach regarding the inclusion of issues affecting disabled workers in collective agreements. The report finds that these issues are dealt with in a

Greece: Tripartite social dialogue to combat undeclared work

Although official statistics show that undeclared work in Greece is falling, social partners and the Labour Inspectorate fear that the full extent of illegal work is not being accurately measured. They feel this is a threat to the sustainability of the social security system and are calling for the

Poland: National-level tripartite social dialogue back on track

Major tripartite discussions in Poland are on the brink of re-starting, two years after the three main national union confederations walked out of the Tripartite Commission for Social and Economic Affairs. There were widespread protests, but now a new council has been given legal status after

Germany: Effects of digitalisation on the labour market and working conditions

​The opportunities and challenges sparked by the digital revolution have been highlighted in a Green Paper by The Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs. The ministry has also invited social partners and the public to participate in a new forum, to identify solutions to the anticipated

EU level: Social partner views on the 'better regulation' package

Social partners have given their reactions to the Better Regulation Agenda, adopted by the European Commission as a way of boosting openness in the EU decision-making process. It also aims to improve the quality of new laws through better impact assessments of draft legislation and amendments, and


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 november 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 oktober 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 marts 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 oktober 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 april 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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