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Työmarkkinaosapuolten välinen vuoropuhelu

Työmarkkinaosapuolten välinen vuoropuhelu tarkoittaa työnantajien ja työntekijöiden välisiä neuvotteluja, kuulemisia, yhteisiä toimia, keskusteluja ja tietojenvaihtoja. Hyvin toimiva työmarkkinaosapuolten välinen vuoropuhelu on keskeinen työkalu työolojen muovaamisen kannalta, ja siinä on mukana monia erilaisia eri tason toimijoita. Sillä pyritään tasapainottamaan työntekijöiden ja työnantajien intressejä ja lisäämään sekä taloudellista kilpailukykyä että sosiaalista yhteenkuuluvuutta.

EU:n tasolla käydyssä viimeaikaisessa poliittisessa keskustelussa on korostettu, että erityisesti vuoden 2008 kriisin jälkeen sosiaalisesta oikeudenmukaisuudesta, demokratiasta, työn laadusta ja työmarkkinasuhteiden uusista malleista on alettu käydä uutta keskustelua, mikä on asettanut haasteita perinteisille työmarkkinasuhteille ja työmarkkinasuhdejärjestelmille.

Kun Euroopan työmarkkinaosapuolten välisen vuoropuhelun historiallisesta käynnistämisestä Brysselin Val Duchessessa oli kulunut 30 vuotta, komissio käynnisti työmarkkinaosapuolten välisen vuoropuhelun uutta alkua koskevan hankkeen 5. maaliskuuta 2015 pidetyssä korkean tason edustajien tapahtumassa, johon kokoontui työmarkkinajärjestöjä ympäri Eurooppaa. Euroopan työmarkkinaosapuolten välinen vuoropuhelu on Euroopan unionin sosiaalipolitiikan työkalu, jolla voidaan edistää suoraan EU:n työmarkkinalainsäädännön ja -politiikan muovaamista.

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Eurofoundin toiminta

Politiikanlaatijat tarvitsevat kunnollista tutkimustietoa, jotta työmarkkinoilla tapahtuvia muutoksia voidaan ymmärtää ja Euroopan työmarkkinasuhteiden dynamiikassa tapahtuviin muutoksiin vastata. Eurofound kartoittaa erilaisia suuntauksia ja malleja niiden tietojen ja analyysien avulla, joita se saa EU:n 28 jäsenvaltiota ja Norjan kattavalta yhteyshenkilöiden verkostolta. Samalla se nostaa esille toimivia esimerkkejä sekä Euroopan laajuisesta että valtakunnallisesta työmarkkinaosapuolten välisestä vuoropuhelusta.

Eurofoundin tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan erilaisia näkökohtia, kuten työntekijöiden osallistumista, työehtosopimusneuvotteluita, työntekijöiden edustusta ja työmarkkinasuhteita kaikilla tasoilla. Siinä tutkitaan, miten pitkälle työmarkkinasuhteet ovat sopeutuneet monikansallisten yritysten ilmaantumiseen. Näkökulma on globaali, ja siinä verrataan työmarkkinasuhdejärjestelmiä ja niiden tuloksia EU:n ulkopuolisissa talouksissa, kuten Yhdysvalloissa ja Japanissa.

Keskeiset aikaansaannokset

Eurofound on ollut tuottelias yli 40 toimintavuotensa aikana, ja se on kartoittanut Euroopan työmarkkinaosapuolten välisen vuoropuhelun erilaisia muuttuvia puolia eri tasoilla: yritysten tasolla, valtakunnallisesti, Euroopan laajuisesti ja kansainvälisesti.

Viime vuosina Eurofound on tehnyt perusteellisia analyysejä monista kysymyksistä, jotka ovat työmarkkinaosapuolten välisen vuoropuhelun keskiössä. Tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi 

Useilla aloilla Euroopan komission vuonna 2006 esittämästä tehtävänannosta toteutettu Eurofoundin edustavuustutkimus tarjoaa tarvittavat perustiedot Euroopan laajuisten alakohtaisten neuvottelukomiteoiden perustamista ja toimintaa varten.

Tietolähteitä

Euroopan työmarkkinasuhteiden sanakirja laadittiin vuonna 2005 verkkotyökaluksi politiikanlaatijoille ja alan ammattilaisille. Se sisältää paljon arvokasta tietoa EU:n työllisyydestä ja työmarkkinasuhteista. Työelämää koskevissa maaprofiileissa annetaan asiaan liittyvää taustatietoa työmarkkinoiden rakenteista, elimistä ja säädöksistä EU:n 28 jäsenvaltiossa ja Norjassa sekä koko EU:n tasolla.

Kollektiivisia palkkaneuvotteluita sekä palkkoja, työaikaa ja työriitoja koskevilla tietokannoilla pyritään tarjoamaan tutkijoille ja politiikanlaatijoille määrällistä ja laadullista tietoa kyseisistä aiheista kaikissa jäsenvaltioissa ja Norjassa vuodesta 2000 lähtien aina nykypäivään asti.

 

Key outputs

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Tässä raportissa analysoidaan työmarkkinavuoropuhelun ja työehtosopimusneuvottelujen roolia niiden haasteiden käsittelyssä, joita covid-19-pandemia sai aikaan tai pahensi sairaanhoitoalalla. Siinä selvitetään myös, mukautettiinko työmarkkinavuoropuhelun ja työehtosopimusneuvottelujen olemassa olleita prosesseja kansallisella tasolla näihin...

1 joulukuu 2022
Publication
Research report
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Joitakin ajoittaisia piikkejä lukuun ottamatta työtaistelutoimien määrä on yleisesti vähentynyt EU:n jäsenvaltioissa viime vuosina. Kehitys on jatkunut samansuuntaisena covid-19-pandemian aikana. Merkittävimmät työriidat ovat odotetusti terveydenhuolto- ja sosiaalipalvelualalla, koulutusalalla sekä liikenne-...

7 helmikuu 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 maaliskuu 2021
Publication
Other
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Eurofound on seurannut vuodesta 2016 lähtien tiiviisti kansallisten työmarkkinaosapuolten osallistumista päätöksentekoon osana talouspolitiikan EU-ohjausjaksoa. Vuonna 2020 keskityttiin niiden osallistumiseen covid-19-pandemian ensimmäisinä kuukausina. Vaikka pandemia on ollut valtava haaste työmarkkinaosapuolten vuoropuhelulle, analyysin...

9 maaliskuu 2021
Publication
Research report
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Eurofound edistää toimeksiantonsa mukaisesti johdon ja työntekijöiden välistä vuoropuhelua. Sen osana Eurofound on seurannut ja analysoinut työmarkkinasuhdejärjestelmien kehitystä EU:n tasolla ja EU:n jäsenvaltioissa 40 vuoden ajan. Tämä lippulaivaraportti perustuu tässä...

11 joulukuu 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Romania: New law enhances role of trade unions in collective bargaining process

Following long efforts on the part of trade unions, the Social Dialogue Act was amended, allowing the representative federations at sectoral level to conclude collective agreements in establishments where the trade union organisation is not representative at company level.

France: Government launches major reform of the labour market

On 4 November, the government presented the outline of its bill, 'A labour code for the 21st century' ,aimed at reforming the French labour code.

Greece: Hopes dashed on plans for collective bargaining

Negotiations to restore the national minimum wage to its pre-2012 level were welcomed by the Greek social partners in May 2015. However, the process was stopped after Greece signed a new loan agreement with its creditors (IMF, EU, ECB, and ESM). Under this, any changes must be agreed by the

Spain: Impact of social dialogue among workers with disabilities

A report on the reasons for the limited integration of people with disabilities in the labour market in Spain concludes that there is no uniform approach regarding the inclusion of issues affecting disabled workers in collective agreements. The report finds that these issues are dealt with in a

Greece: Tripartite social dialogue to combat undeclared work

Although official statistics show that undeclared work in Greece is falling, social partners and the Labour Inspectorate fear that the full extent of illegal work is not being accurately measured. They feel this is a threat to the sustainability of the social security system and are calling for the

Poland: National-level tripartite social dialogue back on track

Major tripartite discussions in Poland are on the brink of re-starting, two years after the three main national union confederations walked out of the Tripartite Commission for Social and Economic Affairs. There were widespread protests, but now a new council has been given legal status after

Germany: Effects of digitalisation on the labour market and working conditions

​The opportunities and challenges sparked by the digital revolution have been highlighted in a Green Paper by The Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs. The ministry has also invited social partners and the public to participate in a new forum, to identify solutions to the anticipated

EU level: Social partner views on the 'better regulation' package

Social partners have given their reactions to the Better Regulation Agenda, adopted by the European Commission as a way of boosting openness in the EU decision-making process. It also aims to improve the quality of new laws through better impact assessments of draft legislation and amendments, and


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 marraskuu 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 kesäkuu 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 lokakuu 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 maaliskuu 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 lokakuu 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 huhtikuu 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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