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Pension

Pensionering fra lønnet arbejde i en alder af 65 år og ofte tidligere har været normen i EU indtil de seneste år. Der er forskel på, hvornår folk går på pension rundt om i EU's medlemsstater, og pensionsalderen har været stigende. 

Topic

Recent updates

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The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of...

19 december 2023
Publication
Policy brief
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Rapporten redegør for covid-19-krisens konsekvenser for ældre borgeres livskvalitet, herunder for deres trivsel, økonomi, beskæftigelse og sociale inklusion. Den undersøger virkningerne på brugen af plejetjenester og ældres afhængighed af anden...

28 januar 2022
Publication
Research report
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Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers...

5 februar 2019
Publication
Policy brief

EU context

Efterhånden som den store efterkrigsgeneration begynder at gå på pension, vil flere arbejdstagere gå på pension, end der kommer nye ud på arbejdsmarkedet. Når folk lever længere, og fødselstallet er faldende i hele Europa, er et af prioriteterne i EU-politikkerne at tilskynde europæerne til at blive ved med at arbejde længere for at sikre bæredygtighed i pensionssystemerne og tilstrækkelig social sikring. I de senere år har nogle medlemsstater hævet folkepensionsalderen (f.eks. Irland til 68 år i 2028 og Tyskland til 67 år i 2031) og forsøgt at finde metoder til at tilskynde arbejdstagerne til at blive længere på arbejdsmarkedet. Mange ældre arbejdstagere ønsker også i stigende grad at fortsætte længere med at arbejde.

Europa-Kommissionens hvidbog om pensioner fra 2012 indeholder forslag til initiativer, der skal skabe en ramme, så ældre arbejdstagere kan forblive på arbejdsmarkedet og spare op til deres pension. Man opfordrede også medlemsstaterne til at fjerne forskellene i den lovbestemte pensionsalder mellem mænd og kvinder og til at revidere uberettigede obligatoriske pensionsaldre. Kommissionen har også gennemgået pensionsordninger for arbejdstagere i anstrengende eller farlige job i Europa og drøftet igangværende reformer og bedste praksis med anbefalinger til EU- medlemsstaterne.

Eurofounds arbejde

I årenes løb har Eurofound analyseret spørgsmål vedrørende pension i EU-landene. Forskningen har set på mulighederne for tidlig pension og gradvis pension, muligheder for at kombinere arbejde med delvis pension, arbejde efter pensioneringen, frivilligt arbejde for pensionister og problemer med pension. I de senere år har forskningen været fokuseret på at forlænge arbejdslivet ud over den nuværende pensionsalder samt spørgsmål om præferencer vedrørende arbejdet, indkomst og livskvalitet.

Præferencer vedrørende arbejdet i forbindelse med pension

I en analyse af resultaterne af Eurofounds tredje europæiske livskvalitetsundersøgelse ses der nærmere på ældre arbejdstageres præferencer med hensyn til arbejdstider. Det fremgår, at næsten halvdelen af arbejdstagerne på 50 år og derover ville foretrække at arbejde færre timer under hensyntagen til deres økonomiske behov. En betydelig andel af de pensionister, der ikke i øjeblikket har lønnet arbejde, vil rent faktisk gerne arbejde i det mindste et par timer om ugen. Forskerne har også undersøgt, hvordan evalueringer midtvejs i karrieren kan bidrage til at præcisere arbejdstagernes muligheder for at forblive på arbejdsmarkedet indtil en senere pensionsalder. 

Kombination af arbejde og delpension

I dag forlader ældre arbejdstagere ofte arbejdsstyrken inden den lovbestemte pensionsalder på grund af sundhedsproblemer, handicap og plejeforpligtelser. Mange flere mennesker ønsker ganske enkelt at arbejde mindre og tilpasser deres arbejdstid bedre til deres præferencer. En af måderne at motivere og give folk mulighed for at arbejde længere er at gøre det lettere at gå på nedsat tid, idet man udligner indtægtstabet med en delvis pension eller ydelse. I en undersøgelse fra Eurofound kigger man på virkningerne ved sådanne ordninger med delvis pension.

Arbejde efter pensionsalderen

I mange lande har ældre mennesker lønnet beskæftigelse efter pensionsalderen. I Eurofounds undersøgelse om indkomst fra arbejde efter pensionsalderen i EU ses der nærmere på pensionisternes begrundelser for at søge lønnet arbejde og deres beskæftigelsesmuligheder. Den undersøger virksomhedernes strategier for rekruttering og fastholdelse af pensionister og fremhæver dilemmaer og fordele for ældre, der ønsker at udføre lønnet arbejde. Den undersøger ligeledes, i hvilken udstrækning arbejde efter pensionsalderen hænger sammen med en tilstrækkelig indkomst blandt pensionisterne.

Pensionsreform

Pensioner er hovedindtægtskilden for mange pensionister. Ved reformer af pensionssystemerne i de senere år har man fokuseret på bæredygtigheden af de offentlige pensioner og på at hæve den effektive pensionsalder. Eurofounds undersøgelse om arbejdsmarkedets parters involvering i pensionsreformer i EU ser nærmere på de reformer, der blev indført som svar på den økonomiske og finansielle krise, og fremhæver arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle i disse reformer siden 2008.

Frivilligt arbejde

I lyset af den aldrende befolkning i Europa er social inklusion af de ældre og strategier til fremme af frivilligt arbejde blandt ældre nu vigtige punkter på EU's politiske dagsorden. En undersøgelse af frivilligt arbejde blandt ældre i EU viser bedste praksis inden for alle aspekter af frivilligt arbejde og dets sammenhæng med social inklusion. Den ser nærmere på foranstaltninger, der kan styrke frivilligt arbejde under overgangen fra arbejdslivet til pensionisttilværelsen.

Kvinder og mænd på pension

Kvinder går tidligere på pension end mænd i de fleste medlemsstater, dels fordi de bruger mere tid på at passe familiemedlemmer end deres mandlige modstykker. Men dette vil sandsynligvis også ændre sig i de kommende år, hvor der er planer om at hæve pensionsalderen i mange lande. Eurofound har set på situationen for ældre kvindelige arbejdstagere i Europa og på incitamenter til at videreføre deres voksende deltagelse i arbejdslivet og modvirke deres tidlige pensionering. 

Key outputs

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Rapporten redegør for covid-19-krisens konsekvenser for ældre borgeres livskvalitet, herunder for deres trivsel, økonomi, beskæftigelse og sociale inklusion. Den undersøger virkningerne på brugen af plejetjenester og ældres afhængighed af anden...

28 januar 2022
Publication
Research report
ef18020_card_cover.png

Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers...

5 februar 2019
Publication
Policy brief
ef18019_card_cover.png

Feelings of insecurity in several dimensions of life are widespread in the EU population, even among those who are materially well-off. Policymakers need to take these insecurities into account to...

9 oktober 2018
Publication
Policy brief
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Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 december 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (46)

The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of

19 December 2023

Rapporten redegør for covid-19-krisens konsekvenser for ældre borgeres livskvalitet, herunder for deres trivsel, økonomi, beskæftigelse og sociale inklusion. Den undersøger virkningerne på brugen af plejetjenester og ældres afhængighed af anden støtte. Rapporten præsenterer politiktiltag, der er

28 January 2022

Much policy is developed and operationalised through the prism of age, and addressing differences in the economic and social circumstances of different age groups is an ongoing concern of policymakers. This policy brief looks at inequalities in the quality of life of Europeans across six age groups.

05 February 2019

Feelings of insecurity in several dimensions of life are widespread in the EU population, even among those who are materially well-off. Policymakers need to take these insecurities into account to better understand the concerns and dissatisfactions of citizens.

09 October 2018

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it is necessary to identify what are the factors preventing or helping workers to have a sustainable work.

21 December 2017

With people living longer, the need for affordable care of high quality to support Europe’s population increases. Over the last ten years there has been an expansion of the private sector in terms of the number of care homes and the places they provide. This increase takes place in a context of

28 November 2017

This article explores the views of workers about the issue of extending working life. It highlights differences in the share of workers regarding the age they would like to work to and the ability to work until 60 in terms of employment status, sex and country.

28 September 2017
Publication
Research report

The ageing of the EU’s population and workforce has implications for employment, working conditions, living standards and welfare. This report draws on the expertise of four EU Agencies in their respective areas, covers the policy challenges associated with the ageing workforce and considers

29 June 2017

Demographic ageing poses the challenge of how to keep people in employment for longer without negatively affecting their health and well-being. The solutions are particularly critical for workers engaged in arduous work. This report examines how mid-career reviews can play a key role by clarifying

17 January 2017

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at work–life balance and some of the factors that help or hinder workers in combining working with non-working life.

23 December 2016

Online resources results (98)

Norway: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A settlement on pensions, amendments to the Working Environment Act, plans for a survey of foreign tour bus companies and a new report on working environments and occupational health are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Belgium: latest working life developments Q2 2018

Ongoing discussions about pension reform for ‘heavy occupations’, the signing of an agreement in the non-profit sector and strikes in the railway sector are the main topics of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the first quarter of 2018

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

A considerable increase in the minimum wage, unions´request for early retirement for those working in hazardous conditions, and changes in the delivery of occupational health services are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

Increases in the minimum retirement pension and minimum wage, protests by police at border checkpoints, and a Bulgarian elected Vice-President of the largest European trade union organisation, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

Plans to raise the earliest retirement age and the right to remain employed for longer despite concerns by social partners, and research on attitudes towards industrial action in different income groupsare the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Netherlands: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Increase in employment figures and childcare facilities, a rise in the number of accidents in the workplace, initiatives to boost youth employment and new collective agreements are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Publication of a study on the minimum wage, the introduction of pensioners’ cooperatives to reduce labour and skill shortages, and a proposal to extend working time are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary in

Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Efforts to improve equality and social cohesion, softening the cut in unemployment benefit, early retirement without penalties for long service and union calls for an end to wage and promotion freezes in the public sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports

Greece: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Continuing negotiations with the Troika on the Greek labour market and pensions system, the conclusion of a national collective employment agreement and a judgment on human trafficking are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Estonia: First steps towards a more flexible pension system

The Estonian government has proposed several changes to its pension system, including tying the retirement age to life expectancy and making the state pension less dependent on income. All interest groups will be kept informed and consulted during the preparation of the draft legislation, when the

Article

Blogs results (1)
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 september 2016

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