COVID-19
Covid-19 har medført ændringer i mange aspekter af vores arbejds- og familieliv, og på samme måde har alle Eurofounds forskningsområder været præget af covid-19. Agenturet iværksatte flere runder af den nu skelsættende onlineundersøgelse om Liv og arbejde i EU for at analysere de hurtige forandringer, der fulgte efter pandemiens udbrud. Samtidig har analyserne i eksisterende undersøgelser og anden forskning specifikt set på pandemiens virkninger over hele linjen. Pandemiens langsigtede indvirkning på livet og arbejdslivet er fortsat en del af den kommende forskning, der ser på ændringer på arbejdsmarkedet, hvordan digitaliseringen har ændret arbejdspladsen, hvordan covid-19 har påvirket forretningskontinuiteten, og hvordan kriser påvirker ligestilling og samhørighed i Europa.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Arbejde når som helst, hvor som helst: Kvaliteten af arbejdstiden i EU
Denne forskningsrapport undersøger, hvordan fleksible arbejdsordninger i EU påvirker arbejdstidernes kvalitet, autonomi og medarbejdertrivsel, og sammenligner de seneste udviklinger med for ti år siden. Den analyserer forskelle på tværs af færdighedsniveauer, sektorer og medlemsstater og vurderer rollen af regler og politikker såsom retten til at afbryde forbindelsen.Weathering the crisis: How job retention schemes preserved employment and incomes during the pandemic
This report describes the implementation and changing features of job retention schemes in the EU between 2020 and 2022. In response to the COVID-19 health emergency, EU governments swiftly deployed job retention schemes to preserve employment, support businesses and maintain individual incomes. The report shows that, following an initial period during which job retention schemes underwent numerous changes in their eligibility and conditionality criteria, the institutional features of job retention schemes stabilised as the pandemic progressed. Furthermore, the report demonstrates that a high degree of heterogeneity in the features of the schemes was maintained throughout the pandemic and its aftermath. While some of the schemes expired with the end of the pandemic, others were transformed into permanent institutions of the labour market. The report also analyses the employment and distributional effects of job retention schemes, highlighting their significant effects in terms of number of jobs saved and share of personal incomes maintained during the pandemic. An estimated 24.8 million jobs were saved in the EU in 2020 through the use of such schemes. Furthermore, the schemes absorbed more than one-third of the income shock produced by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and more than one-fifth of the income shock in 2021.
Regional employment change and the geography of telework in Europe
The fast and steady recovery in employment following the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU benefited from proactive policy responses to the crisis and from resilient labour markets. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022; however, significant regional disparities remain. EU regions fared differently, depending on their economic specialisation and notably on the concentration of jobs in knowledge-intensive services that can be performed remotely. The geography of telework across EU regions was primarily shaped by differences in occupational structure, and fast internet connectivity remains an essential enabling factor. Recent initiatives to support remote work in rural, peripheral or marginalised areas through the creation of coworking spaces show how dynamism and diversity in rural economies can be promoted.
Eurofounds arbejde om covid-19 undersøger pandemiens vidtrækkende socioøkonomiske konsekvenser i hele Europa og deres indvirkning på leve- og arbejdsvilkårene. Med udgangspunkt i sit netværk af Eurofounds korrespondenter og samtidig tilpasse fokus på sine interne ressourcer overvåger Eurofound de kritiske ændringer, som krisen har medført på arbejdsmarkedet, arbejdsvilkårene og livskvaliteten i hele EU, og har til formål at kortlægge, hvordan forskellige medlemsstater har reageret på de udfordringer, der er opstået. Som reaktion på covid-19 justerede Eurofound sin forskning til:
indsamle data om indvirkningen af denne hidtil usete situation på europæernes liv via sin unikke onlineundersøgelse , der blev lanceret i april 2020, samt overvåge de foranstaltninger, som politiske aktører har truffet for at bekæmpe pandemiens indvirkning på beskæftigelse, arbejdsvilkår og levevilkår
indeholde en analyse af specifikke emner, f.eks. beskæftigelsesmæssige virkninger, virkninger på specifikke sektorer, effektiviteten af specifikke foranstaltninger (f.eks. arbejdsfordelingsordninger).
Udforsk mere:
Andre relevante ressourcer:
Database over omstruktureringsbegivenheder: covid-19's indvirkning på de beskæftigelsesmæssige virkninger af omfattende omstruktureringer i Europa
European Jobs Monitor: den ændrede beskæftigelsesstruktur i Europa i lyset af krisen
EU PolicyWatch: database om regeringernes og arbejdsmarkedets parters reaktioner på krisen, baseret på forskning fra netværket af Eurofounds korrespondenter
Omstruktureringsstøtteinstrumenter - EU PolicyWatch: registrering af foranstaltninger, der støtter virksomheder, der er under omstrukturering, samt de berørte medarbejdere, og fremhæver, hvornår en sag er relevant for covid-19
Initiativer vedrørende platformsøkonomien – covid-19: hvordankrisen påvirker platformsarbejde og platformsarbejdere
Siden 2020 har de nationale myndigheder og EU-myndighederne iværksat en række støtteforanstaltninger for at imødegå virkningerne af covid-19-krisen, som har påvirket det almindelige liv og arbejde for mennesker i EU. Specifikke sektorer, mange selvstændige og SMV'er er blevet særligt hårdt ramt af pandemiens konsekvenser.
Selv om EU ikke har direkte lovgivningsmæssige beføjelser på sundhedsområdet (dette er de enkelte medlemsstaters ansvar), har EU's – og navnlig Europa-Kommissionens – reaktion fokuseret på at stabilisere EU's økonomi, indføre grænsekontrolforanstaltninger, styrke vores offentlige sundhedssektorer, sikre produktionen af vacciner til borgerne samt støtte forskellige erhvervssektorer.
Den 10. februar 2021 glædede Kommissionen sig over Europa-Parlamentets godkendelse af genopretnings- og resiliensfaciliteten på 672,5 mia. €, som EU's medlemsstater har til rådighed til støtte for reformer og investeringer under NextGenerationEU, det midlertidige instrument, der skal sætte skub i genopretningen og hjælpe Europa med at komme stærkere ud af krisen. Faciliteten løber indtil udgangen af december 2026 og er tæt forbundet med Kommissionens prioriteter for et grønnere, mere digitalt og mere modstandsdygtigt Europa.
Europa-Kommissionen: Reaktionen på coronavirus: Tidslinje for EU's indsatsopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Genopretnings- og resiliensfacilitetenopens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 May 2021
Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year
The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.
27 September 2020
Living, working and COVID-19
This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s stakeholders and social media advertising. Two rounds of the e-survey have been carried out to date: one in April, when most Member States were in lockdown, and one in July, when society and economies were slowly re-opening.
The findings of the e-survey from the first round reflected widespread emotional distress, financial concern and low levels of trust in institutions. Levels of concern abated somewhat in the second round, particularly among groups of respondents who were benefiting from support measures implemented during the pandemic. At the same time, the results underline stark differences between countries and between socioeconomic groups that point to growing inequalities.
The results confirm the upsurge in teleworking across all countries during the COVID-19 pandemic that has been documented elsewhere, and the report explores what this means for work–life balance and elements of job quality.
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Siden hun kom til Eurofound i 2013, har hendes arbejde dækket en bred vifte af socialpolitiske områder. På nuværende tidspunkt koordinerer hun Eurofounds undersøgelsesstyring og udviklingsaktiviteter og leder udarbejdelsen og analysen af covid-19-e-undersøgelserne. Daphne har mere end 20 års erfaring som forsker med internationale undersøgelser, og hun har tidligere arbejdet i Eurobarometer-enheden i Europa-Kommissionen og ved National Centre for Social Research i London, hvor hun arbejdede på International Social Survey Programme. Daphne har en kandidatgrad i strafferetspolitik fra London School of Economics og en bachelorgrad i statskundskab fra San Francisco State University.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Hun har ekspertise inden for undersøgelsesmetodologi og statistisk analyse, har arbejdet med udarbejdelse og forvaltning af den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet og senest e-undersøgelsen Living, Working og COVID-19 og er ansvarlig for datasætkvaliteten. Hendes forskningsområder er unges trivsel og livskvalitet i husholdninger og familier, herunder subjektiv trivsel, work-life balance og levevilkår. Hun har tidligere arbejdet som økonomisk konsulent i Skotland med fokus på økonomiske konsekvensanalyser, evalueringer og input-output-analyser. Hun har en kandidatgrad i økonomi og internationale relationer fra Corvinus University of Budapest.
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