Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
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Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte

Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofounddarba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam.Eurofound turpinās apzināt un analizēt galvenos aspektus, kas saistīti ar cilvēku dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu Eiropā, tostarp informāciju par to, kā viņi uztver dzīves kvalitāti un sabiedrību. Tā kā Covid-19 pandēmija un tās izraisītā ekonomikas krīze ir smagi ietekmējusi cilvēku dzīvi, Eurofound turpinās pētīt šīs krīzes ietekmi uz ES pilsoņiem dažādos dzīves posmos.

Eurofound pētījumi 2021.–2024. gadā nodrošinās svarīgu izpratni par problēmām un perspektīvām dzīves apstākļu un dzīves kvalitātes jomā Eiropas Savienībā un to, cik nozīmīgas ir daudzveidīgas iniciatīvas ar mērķi mazināt sociālās grūtības, ar kurām saduras dažādas iedzīvotāju grupas. Īpaša uzmanība jāpievērš vecāka gadagājuma cilvēkiem un viņu aprūpes vajadzībām, jauniešiem un viņu sociālajai iekļaušanai un sociālajai mobilitātei, kā arī atšķirībām krīzes ietekmē uz vīriešiem un sievietēm .

Sabiedriskie pakalpojumi bija ļoti nozīmīgi Covid-19 krīzes risināšanā visā ES, taču vienlaikus šī joma saskārās ar būtiskām problēmām, un tās tiks izvērtētas sīkāk, iedziļinoties galvenokārt tādos jautājumos kā sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte, pieejamība un cenu samērīgums. Iepriekš jau tika konstatētas lielas atšķirības krīzes ietekmē uz noteiktām iedzīvotāju grupām atkarībā no vecuma, aprūpes pienākumiem un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvara , un Eurofound veiks sīkāku analīzi.

Sadarbībā ar Eiropas Dzimumu līdztiesības institūtu (EIGEEurofound plāno pētīt dzimumu atšķirības vairākos aspektos, noskaidrojot, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi vīriešu un sieviešu nodarbinātību, materiālos apstākļus un labklājību, lai noteiktu atšķirības un novērtētu ietekmi uz dzimumu nelīdztiesību.

„Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei ir bijusi būtiska nozīme, veidojot uzticēšanos iestādēm mūsdienu Eiropā, un tai būs izšķiroša nozīme pašreizējo un turpmāko problēmu risināšanā. Kvalitatīvi pakalpojumi ir arī joma, kur ieviest inovācijas, jo īpaši runājot par pāreju uz digitāliem, videi draudzīgākiem pakalpojumiem un gatavību pandēmijai līdzīgiem riskiem nākotnē.”

Tads Leončiks, Sociālās politikas daļas vecākais pētniecības vadītājs

Topic

Recent updates

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Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījumiem, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažas no būtiskākajām problēmām šajā jomā.

  • Uzticēšanos iestādēm visvairāk grauj uzskats, ka sabiedrībā valda spriedze, savukārt sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte ir galvenais faktors, kas veicina lielāku uzticēšanos iestādēm.
  • Jānodrošina plašāks – un elastīgāks – ilgtermiņa aprūpes pakalpojumu klāsts. Būtu jāpadara pieejamāka aprūpe un palīdzība mājās, jo īpaši tajās ES dalībvalstīs, kurās iedzīvotāju ienākumi ir viszemākie.
  • Ātra piekļuve primārajai veselības aprūpei, sociālajai aprūpei un ilgtermiņa aprūpei var veicināt agrīnu iejaukšanos un mainīgo vajadzību uzraudzību, kā arī novērst ilgtermiņa aprūpes problēmu saasināšanos.
  • Jauniešu garīgās veselības problēmas pieaug, lai gan nav skaidrs, vai tas ir saistīts ar biežāku saslimstību vai labāku informētību un diagnostiku. Garīgā veselība ir cieši saistīta ar citām jauniešu problēmām, un tā var būt gan nevienlīdzības rezultāts, gan nevienlīdzības cēlonis. Garīgās veselības problēmu riska faktori ietver invaliditāti un ilgstošu slimību, ģimenes problēmas, problēmas attiecībās ar vienaudžiem un sociālo plašsaziņas līdzekļu pārlieku aktīvu izmantošanu.
  • Lai gan uzticības un sociālās kohēzijas līmenis Eiropas Savienībā kopumā ir uzlabojies kopš finanšu krīzes, Covid-19 uzliesmojums ir būtiski ietekmējis labklājību valstīs, kuras pandēmija skārusi vissmagāk.
  • Jaunieši ir viena no tām sabiedrības grupām, kuras izolācijas dēļ cieš visvairāk. Līdztekus bezdarbniekiem, arī jauniešu vērtējums par savu labklājību ir viszemākais, kaut arī tas ir nedaudz uzlabojies kopš pandēmijas sākuma. Kopš 2020. gada aprīļa apmierinātība ar dzīvi un optimisms ir pieaudzis, tomēr jaunieši aizvien jūtas izstumti no sabiedrības un joprojām ir visvairāk pakļauti depresijas riskam, kas liecina, ka izolācijas laikā viņi vairāk cieš no ierobežojumiem.
  • Pasākumiem bezdarbnieku un jauniešu garīgās veselības risku mazināšanai pēc Covid-19 uzliesmojuma būs būtiska nozīme, ja sekos turpmāki koronavīrusa viļņi. Politikas pasākumos pastāvīgi jāparedz mērķorientēts atbalsts, kas ļautu darba meklētājiem atgūties un pārvarēt pandēmijas sekas, kā arī nodrošinātu jauniešiem iespēju pilnvērtīgi iekļauties sabiedrībā.
  • Salīdzinot ar vīriešiem, sieviešu optimismu un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru Covid-19 krīze ir iedragājusi smagāk. Ir būtiski novērst šo kaitējumu, lai nepieļautu, ka sievietes nesamērīgi cieš no pandēmijas.
  • Arī turpmāk krīzes situācijās jārūpējas, lai pilsoņi saglabātu uzticību valstu un Eiropas iestādēm, jo Covid-19 izplatības ierobežošanas pasākumu ievērošana ir lielā mērā atkarīga no uzticēšanās iestādēm un zinātnieku ieteikumiem. Arī fakts, ka uzticēšanās iestādēm ir pieaugusi starp respondentiem, kuri saņēma palīdzību atbalsta pasākumu ietvaros, pauž skaidru vēstījumu valstu valdībām un ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē...

30 Maijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada...

4 Maijs 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and

21 May 2024

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

02 May 2024

This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to cushion the impact of job loss on household finances an

02 February 2024

The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of

19 December 2023

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

Šajā ziņojumā ir aplūkota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz sociālajiem pakalpojumiem Eiropas Savienībā. Lai gan pandēmija negatīvi ietekmēja sociālos pakalpojumus, no tās tomēr tika gūta mācība par to pielāgošanu, reaģējot uz jaunām problēmām un sociālajiem riskiem. Piemēram, viena no mācībām ir politikas

16 August 2023

Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē cilvēku veselību un labklājību, iemieso

30 May 2023

2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada sākumā kardināli mainīja situāciju, taču radīja jaunus satricinājumus

04 May 2023

This paper presents an analytical summary of current academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage the transition to a carbon-neutral economy on four key domains: employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the main empirical

12 April 2023

Dzīves, darba un Covid-19 apsekojuma, ko Eurofound pirmoreiz uzsāka 2020. gada sākumā, mērķis ir apzināt pandēmijas plašo ietekmi uz ES iedzīvotāju darbu un dzīvi. Eurofound apsekojuma piektajā kārtā, ko īstenoja 2022. gada pavasarī, atklājas arī jauna neskaidra realitāte, ko izraisījis karš Ukrainā

07 December 2022

Online resources results (218)

Germany: Decline in collective bargaining coverage drives wage inequality

A decline in collective agreement coverage and opening clauses drives wage inequality in Germany.

Netherlands: Bill passed to stop exploitation of migrant workers

A bill to ensure migrant workers are paid fairly, and to stop unfair competition between businesses, was passed unanimously by the Dutch Senate in June 2015. The bill is targeted at employers who pay migrant workers from other EU countries less than the minimum wage. This problem is common in

Estonia: New measure to fight in-work poverty

Parliament approves an annual tax refund for low-wage earners as a new measure to fight in-work poverty.

Czech Republic: New study investigates causes of stress among Czech workers

Results of a study on 'Stress, depression and life style in the Czech Republic' show that symptoms of depression, burnout and stress are relatively widespread among the Czech working population. One third of workers suffered, according to their subjective feeling, from burnout symptoms and the same

Czech Republic: Conference highlights difficulties for carers in labour market participation

Research findings presented during a conference on informal caregivers in the Czech Republic revealed the difficulties that workers providing long-term care face in participating in the labour force due to a lack of flexible working regimes and part-time jobs.


Blogs results (32)
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Discussions on Germany at European level invariably focus on the country’s strong economic performance and how this relates to the labour market and broader society. This is a narrative I have myself contributed to in a previous blog piece. However, Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

7 Marts 2018
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The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), carried out by Eurofound every four years, explores a variety of aspects related to living standards, health, family and work–life balance, as well as people's happiness levels, satisfaction with their lives, and their perceptions regarding the quality of

21 Februāris 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Janvāris 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Decembris 2017
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Europe – a world-class place to live and work? ‘A world-class place to live and work.’ That is how President Juncker described Europe at the summit to formally proclaim the EU Pillar of Social Rights in Gothenburg last month. And he added: ‘Europe is more than just a single market, more than money

7 Decembris 2017
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In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be

13 Oktobris 2017
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Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 Jūnijs 2017
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Equality of opportunity and upward social mobility are important aspects of the European social model. Until quite recently concerns about rising inequalities were often countered by assurances about protecting social mobility, and the assertion that an individual’s status is mainly down to their

26 Aprīlis 2017
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 Septembris 2016
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In this blog piece, originally posted on Social Europe, Eurofound Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés looks the complex and multi-faceted story of what it is to live and work in the European Union of today.

13 Jūnijs 2016

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

October 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktobris 2023
Reference period:

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