Servizzi pubbliċi
Is-servizzi pubbliċi bħal kura tas-saħħa, kura soċjali, edukazzjoni u trasport huma essenzjali biex jintlaħqu livelli għoljin ta' protezzjoni soċjali, koeżjoni soċjali u inklużjoni soċjali. Imma hija l-kwalità u l-aċċess għas-servizzi li jiddeterminaw is-suċċess tagħhom f'ambjent soċjali u demografiku li qed jinbidel. L-isfida għall-politiċi hi li jiżguraw id-disinn u l-kunsinna ta' servizzi tas-saħħa u soċjali li jissodisfaw il-bżonnijiet varjati taċ-ċittadini. Din l-isfida ġiet aggravata minn restrizzjonijiet finanzjarji severi u minn domanda dejjem tiżdied, immexxija parzjalment mill-anzjanità demografika u, f'xi partijiet, mill-influss ta' refuġjati lejn l-Ewropa. Barra mill-affordabbiltà u l-kwalità, qed jidhru wkoll kwistjonijiet ġodda. Dawn jinkludu l-opportunitajiet tad-diġitalizzazzjoni, flimkien mar-riskju li kanali diġitali ġodda għall-kunsinna tas-servizzi jistgħu jiżolaw komunitajiet diġà f'kundizzjonijiet diffiċli u t-theddida potenzjali ta' diversità dejjem tikber tal-fornituri tas-servizzi fuq l-aċċess u l-kwalità tas-servizzi pubbliċi.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Europe’s digital welfare revolution: Progress at what price?
As Europe races to digitalise its social protection systems, the promise of efficiency collides with the reality of exclusion—creating a paradox where the most vulnerable risk being left furthest behind.Ix-xogħol għat-tfal huwa importanti: Ħarsa ġenerali lejn it-twassil tas-servizzi u l-forza tax-xogħol fl-Ewropa
Il-promozzjoni tal-benesseri tat-tfal u l-ġlieda kontra l-faqar fost it-tfal huma għanijiet ewlenin tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea l-ġdida. Dan ir-rapport janalizza x-xejriet u d-differenzi fl-aċċessibbiltà tas-servizzi għat-tfal li għandhom jiġu indirizzati biex jinkiseb dan. Barra minn hekk, minħabba li l-persunal għandu rwol integrali fid-determinazzjoni tal-kwalità u l-aċċessibbiltà ta' dawn is-servizzi, dan ir-rapport jiddeskrivi s-sitwazzjoni attwali tal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-persunal u l-opportunitajiet ta' taħriġ. Kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tajbin u servizzi ta' kwalità għolja bi prezz raġonevoli, bħall-edukazzjoni u l-kura bikrija tat-tfal, għandhom ukoll rwol ewlieni fl-inkoraġġiment tal-parteċipazzjoni fis-suq tax-xogħol u ż-żieda fil-produttività.
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
Eurofound janalizza l-bżonnijiet tal-bdiewa ġenerali b'attenzjoni speċjali fuq iż-żgħażagħ, l-anzjani u dawk b'problemi ta' saħħa fiżika jew mentali. Jissorvelja u janalizza bidliet fis-servizzi pubbliċi kkawżati minn restrizzjonijiet tal-baġit, bidliet fil-politiki u avvanzi fit-teknoloġija u d-diġitalizzazzjoni. Ir-riċerka ta' Eurofound fis-servizzi pubbliċi tesplora wkoll il-perspettivi tal-fornituri tas-servizzi u r-rispons tagħhom għall-bżonnijiet li qed jinbidlu tal-utenti.
Il-Pakkett ta' Investiment Soċjali tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea, imnedija fl-2013, ħeġġeġ lill-Istati Membri biex jagħtu aktar importanza għas-servizzi pubbliċi ta' kwalità għolja. Enfasizzat l-importanza li titjieb l-aċċess għall-edukazzjoni u l-kura bikrija tat-tfal, kif ukoll għas-saħħa ta' kwalità bħala element ewlieni fit-titjib tas-saħħa ġenerali u l-manteniment tal-produttività tal-forza tax-xogħol. F'Mejju 2019, il-Kunsill tal-UE adottat ir-Rakkomandazzjoni dwar sistemi ta' edukazzjoni u kura bikrija ta' kwalità għolja biex jappoġġjaw lill-Istati Membri biex itejbu l-aċċess u l-kwalità tas-servizzi li jipprovdu. Wara dan, il-Garanzija Ewropea tat-Tfal ġiet adottata f'Ġunju 2021 u għandha l-għan li tiżgura li t-tfal kollha jkollhom aċċess għall-aktar drittijiet bażiċi bħal kura tas-saħħa u l-edukazzjoni.
Barra minn hekk, l-istrateġija tas-Suq Uniku Diġitali tal-Kummissjoni għall-Ewropa, adottata fl-2015, tagħti enfasi fuq il-modernizzazzjoni tas-servizzi pubbliċi bħala mezz biex tissaħħaħ il-kompetittività. L-adozzjoni tat-teknoloġiji ġodda, is-servizzi pubbliċi online u l-interoperabilità transfruntiera huma kruċjali biex tiżdied l-effiċjenza fl-ispejjeż u l-kwalità tas-servizzi. Id-Deċennju Diġitali tal-UE, imħabbar fl-2021, jistabbilixxi viżjoni għat-trasformazzjoni diġitali tal-Ewropa sal-2030. Jiddeskrivi erba' oqsma ewlenin, wieħed minnhom huwa d-diġitalizzazzjoni tas-servizzi pubbliċi.
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Pakkett ta' Investiment Soċjaliopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Kumitat għall-Protezzjoni Soċjaliopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Garanzija Ewropea tat-Tfalopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Id-Deċennju Diġitali tal-Ewropa: miri diġitali għall-2030opens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Tippromwovi l-mod ta' ħajja Ewropew tagħnaopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
16 August 2023
Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality
This report addresses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on social services in the EU. While the pandemic negatively affected social services, it nevertheless provided lessons on how to adapt them in response to new challenges and social risks. One lesson, for instance, is that policies should be developed to make better use of digitalisation in the sector, to improve access to new technologies and training for both workers and services’ target groups. And, most importantly, there is a need for clear contingency plans and funding for adaptation in times of crisis.
An increase in public expenditure on social protection, healthcare and education was a critical part of the pandemic response. However, there is uncertainty about the future development of social services in the context of the overarching policy interest and investment in the green and digital transition. This implies that the contribution of social services to the resilience of European societies needs to remain in the policy debate and that policies should be further fine-tuned.
7 September 2022
Access to essential services for people on low incomes: Energy, public transport and digital communications
In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For this exercise, the scope was on energy services, public transport, and digital communications, and the focus on people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in most cases in practice, people on low incomes). This paper provides an overview of the measures in the Member States based mainly on the inputs from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, collected in February–March 2022. The paper reviews the measures across the entire EU by clustering the major types or targets of the measures to make essential services accessible, and by succinctly listing main country-level examples. It provides information for understanding the diversity and similarities of the measures applied and suggests pointers on areas where policy action could be developed.
30 September 2021
COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU?
The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and healthcare outcomes, as well as health expenditures and delivery, prior to the pandemic. It also examines convergence patterns in infections and deaths from COVID-19 and in the mitigating measures adopted by the EU and national governments.
The findings indicate that, from 2008 to 2019, the health of EU citizens improved overall, and Member States converged in health outcomes, but disparities in government expenditures and delivery of health services continued to widen. Against this background, the COVID-19 pandemic caused further divergence, with death and infection tolls varying greatly across countries. The policy brief stresses that a European Health Union would ideally not only reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU but also ultimately enable convergence in health and healthcare indicators across its Member States.
14 December 2020
Long-term care workforce: Employment and working conditions
The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report maps the LTC workforce’s working conditions and the nature of employment and role of collective bargaining in the sector. It also discusses policies to make the sector more attractive, combat undeclared work and improve the situation of a particularly vulnerable group of LTC workers: live-in carers. The report ends with a discussion and policy pointers on addressing expected staff shortages and the challenges around working conditions.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Daniel Molinuevo
Senior research managerDaniel Molinuevo huwa maniġer tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali, wara li ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010. Ir-riċerka tiegħu dwar is-saħħa u l-kura soċjali ffukat fuq il-kwalità u l-aċċessibilità tas-servizzi, it-trasformazzjoni diġitali tagħhom u l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-persunal. Ix-xogħol tiegħu ffoka prinċipalment fuq is-servizzi għat-tfal, kemm fil-Eurofound kif ukoll fil-UNICEF, fejn ħadem fl-2021 biex jappoġġa l-implimentazzjoni tal-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfal. Huwa studja s-soċjoloġija f'Salamanca, Spanja u fl-Università Humboldt f'Berlin. Huwa għandu MA fl-Istudji Politiċi u Amministrattivi Ewropej mill-Kulleġġ tal-Ewropa fi Bruges u MSc fil-Politika Soċjali Ewropea mill-London School of Economics, fejn ħadem ukoll bħala riċerkatur.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali fil-Eurofound. Is-suġġetti ta 'riċerka tiegħu jinkludu akkomodazzjoni, dejn żejjed, kura tas-saħħa, kura fit-tul, benefiċċji soċjali, irtirar, u kwalità tal-ħajja fiż-żona lokali. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound, kien Assistent Professur fl-Università ta' Kozminski (Varsavja). Huwa temm PhD fl-Amministrazzjoni u l-Ġestjoni tan-Negozju fl-Università Bocconi (Milan), wara li ħadem bħala uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-Osservatorju Ewropew dwar is-Sistemi u l-Politiki tas-Saħħa (Madrid).
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
