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Odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci

Sindikati, organizacije delodajalcev in javni organi imajo pomembno vlogo pri upravljanju delovnih razmerij. So tesno povezani deli sistema, ki deluje na evropski, nacionalni, panožni in regionalni ravni ter na ravni podjetja. V okviru sistemov odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci se v zadnjih letih zaradi razvoja tehnologije in oblik dela v stalno spreminjajočem se gospodarskem okolju pojavljajo številni izzivi.

Evropska komisija je zato leta 2015 predstavila „nov začetek“ za evropski socialni dialog. V skupni izjavi iz junija 2016 so Komisija, Svet Evropske unije in socialni partnerji poudarili temeljno vlogo evropskega socialnega dialoga, ki pomembno prispeva k oblikovanju zaposlitvenih in socialnih politik EU.

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Eurofoundovo delo

Eurofound se je v 40 letih delovanja razvil v ključno središče strokovnega znanja za spremljanje in analiziranje usmeritev na področju odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci. To vključuje povezave med socialnim dialogom na evropski in nacionalni ravni. Na podlagi znanja svoje mreže evropskih korespondentov iz 28 držav članic EU in Norveške beleži razvoj dogodkov v vseh državah članicah in EU kot celoti. 

Ključni prispevki

Eurofound pripravlja različne primerjalne analize, članke in študije primerov za države EU-28 in Norveško na področju odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci ter redno posodablja podatkovne zbirke o povezanih temah.

V nedavni raziskavi so opredeljeni in obravnavani ključni vidiki in kazalniki, pomembni za sisteme odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci v 21. stoletju v Evropi. V drugi veji raziskav se preučuje, kako so socialni partnerji v EU in na Norveškem raziskali nove teme, orodja in inovativne pristope, da bi se odzvali na številne nove politične, pravne in socialne izzive, ki so nastali v zadnjih letih.

Plača in delovni čas ostajata pomembni področji, ki ju je treba vsako leto pregledati. En vidik nedavne posodobitve področja plač je osredotočen na ravni zakonsko določene minimalne plače v EU, v nekem drugem poglavju pa je glavna pozornost namenjena kolektivnim pogajanjem o plačah.

Eurofound od leta 2006 na zahtevo Evropske komisije opravlja študije o reprezentativnosti evropskih panožnih organizacij socialnih partnerjev.

Viri

Poročanje o razvoju dogodkov v zvezi z delovnim življenjem

Eurofound s spremljanjem in orodji za poročanje zagotavlja sistematične in primerljive podatke o nacionalnih sistemih odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci ter razvoju dogodkov v zvezi s poklicnim življenjem, in sicer ob upoštevanju prispevkov svoje mreže evropskih korespondentov iz 28 držav članic in Norveške.

 

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 Oktober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (516)

    The EIRO annual review provides an overview and summary of western Europe's main industrial relations developments in 1999, drawing on the EIROnline database records entered during the year. The review also provides a guide to using EIROnline.

    22 May 2000

    EIRObserver is the bi-monthly bulletin of the European Industrial Relations Observatory. It contains an edited selection of feature and news items, based on some of the reports supplied for the EIROnline database over each two-month period. On top of this, EIRO also conducts comparative research on

    03 April 2000

    EIRObserver is the bi-monthly bulletin of the European Industrial Relations Observatory. It contains an edited selection of feature and news items, based on some of the reports supplied for the EIROnline database over each two-month period. On top of this, EIRO also conducts comparative research on

    24 January 2000

    EIRObserver is the bi-monthly bulletin of the European Industrial Relations Observatory. It contains an edited selection of feature and news items, based on some of the reports supplied for the EIROnline database over each two-month period. On top of this, EIRO also conducts comparative research on

    07 June 1999

    The EIRO annual review provides an overview and summary of western Europe's main industrial relations developments in 1998, drawing on the EIROnline database records entered during the year. The review also provides a guide to using EIROnline.

    27 May 1999

    This first EIRO Annual review aims to provide an overview and summary of western Europe's main industrial relations developments in 1997, drawing on the EIROnline database records entered during the year. The review also provides a guide to using EIROnline, which is the heart of the Observatory's

    23 February 1999

    Online resources results (1688)

    Germany: New evidence on the scope of service contracts feeds into social partner debate

    In the wake of the very heated public debate on service contracts, with unions claiming that workers on such contracts are not treated as fairly as core staff, a new study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) outlines to what extent German companies use these contracts and presents their

    United Kingdom: Government launches consultation on worker representatives on company boards

    Prime Minister Theresa May first pledged to put worker representatives on the boards of UK companies in July 2016, shortly after taking office. This article outlines the evolution of the proposal, up to the launch on 29 November of the formal process of consultation on corporate governance, and

    France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

    The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

    Germany: Labour Minister launches White Paper on the future of work

    Federal Labour Minister Andrea Nahles launched a White Paper at the end of November on the future of work, including the controversial issue of working time regulation. Both employers and workers’ representatives favour more flexibility than is allowed by current regulations that stipulate an eight

    Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

    The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

    Croatia: New system of trade union training

    Between July 2015 and July 2016, a new system of training for union representatives and shop stewards was introduced to modernise union training and enhance social dialogue. The EDUCA project was promoted by the Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia (SSSH) with the support of unions from the

    Bulgaria: Recognition of nationally representative employer organisations and trade unions for 2016–2020

    The requirements for trade unions and employers’ organisations to claim representativeness have been amended to make eligibility easier to achieve. Using the new criteria, the Council of Ministers formally recognised five employer organisations and two trade unions as nationally representative in a

    Sweden: Debate on whether solidarity action should be restricted

    A long-running debate about solidarity in industrial action by workers supporting another group, even though their own union is not involved in the dispute, has flared up. There are fears that the turbulence of the 2016 bargaining round will be repeated in 2017 and employers are seeking stricter

    Germany: Union–Amazon conflict escalates in run-up to Christmas

    Since 2013, trade union ver.di has been recruiting members among employees of Amazon and has campaigned for better wages and working conditions. Amazon opposes all collective bargaining but argues that it is a socially responsible employer. A new round of stoppages by ver.di members demanding a

    Norway: Strike in rail sector settled and new rules coming down the line

    Industrial action that disrupted operations on Norwegian railways for five weeks in autumn 2016 was settled, with the government agreeing to reframe the national regulations for train drivers’ qualifications ahead of the planned privatisation of much of the rail network in 2017.


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

    15 Junij 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

    28 Oktober 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 April 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 Januar 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

    20 November 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 November 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

    17 Julij 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

    seniority-based-entitlements-blog.jpg

    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across

    17 April 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Maj 2018

    Upcoming publications results (9)

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

    June 2024

    The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

    June 2024

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