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Velfungerende og rummelige arbejdsmarkeder

Velfungerende arbejdsmarkeder er en forudsætning for en fuld udnyttelse af økonomiens jobskabelsespotentiale, efterhånden som den kommer på fode efter den finansielle og økonomiske krise. Krisen har haft meget forskellige konsekvenser for arbejdsmarkedet i EU-medlemsstaterne, og nogle grupper, f.eks. unge og lavtuddannede, blev særlig hårdt ramt. De hastige igangværende strukturelle ændringer udgør også nye udfordringer med hensyn til mulig arbejdskraftmangel og misforhold mellem udbudte og efterspurgte færdigheder i forskellige sektorer og regioner.

EU's vigtigste redskab til at fremme beskæftigelse og social inklusion er Den Europæiske Socialfond – ved at hjælpe folk i arbejde og integrere dårligt stillede grupper i samfundet og sikre mere retfærdige livsmuligheder for alle. Der er også omfattende europæisk lovgivning, som regulerer arbejdstagernes rettigheder på arbejdsmarkedet. Endvidere lancerede Europa-Kommissionen i april 2017 den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder. Søjlen bygger på og supplerer EU's social- og beskæftigelsespolitik med henblik på at være retningsvisende for politikken på en række områder, der er afgørende for velfungerende og fair arbejdsmarkeder og velfærdssystemer.

Topic

Recent updates

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Som reaktion på Ruslands krig mod Ukraine aktiverede EU sit direktiv om midlertidig beskyttelse for personer, der flygtede fra landet, og gav dem mulighed for at bosætte sig i EU...

14 juni 2023
Publication
Eurofound research paper

EU context

Eurofounds arbejde

Eurofounds forskning tager sigte på at øge forståelsen af dynamikken på arbejdsmarkederne i hele Europa og samtidig understøtte politikken med henblik på at forbedre deres funktion. I betragtning af den vedvarende høje arbejdsløshed i nogle medlemsstater er politikker til at støtte arbejdsløses reintegration på arbejdsmarkedet og politikker rettet mod specifikke grupper – unge, migranter, kvinder eller ældre arbejdsløse – af særlig interesse. Eurofound har udført et stort arbejde på dette område, og fokus har i de seneste år været på ungdomsspørgsmål, køn og arbejde, nye former for beskæftigelse, mobilitet og migration samt lønninger.

Væsentlige bidrag

Eurofound har undersøgt de beskæftigelsesmæssige og sociale udfordringer, som unge står over for. Undersøgelser har set nærmere på spørgsmål vedrørende social inklusion og behovet for at tage hensyn til mangfoldigheden blandt sårbare unge ved udviklingen af politikker til at støtte dem. Agenturet har også set nærmere på iværksætterkultur blandt unge og de typer af foranstaltninger, der har støttet den effektivt.

Et andet forskningstema har sat fokus på de økonomiske og sociale omkostninger ved forskellen i mænds og kvinders beskæftigelsesfrekvens og vurderet effektiviteten af politiske foranstaltninger, der fremmer kvinders arbejdsmarkedsdeltagelse.

I forbindelse med et igangværende forskningstema undersøges nye former for beskæftigelse, som er anderledes end traditionelt arbejde eller atypisk arbejde, og der ses nærmere på konsekvenserne heraf for arbejdsvilkår og arbejdsmarkeder. Den første undersøgelse af typologien blev fulgt op af indgående gennemgange af specifikke nye former for beskæftigelse såsom strategisk medarbejderdeling og IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde.

Forskning vedrørende mobilitet har givet et opdateret billede af arbejdskraftens bevægelighed inden for Europa og den økonomiske krises indvirkning på migrationen.

Eurofound har også foretaget indgående analyser af forskellige spørgsmål vedrørende overgange på arbejdsmarkedet, herunder jobvarighed, midlertidig beskæftigelse og unges overgange fra uddannelse til beskæftigelse.

Key outputs

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Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

27 november 2019
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (37)

This report investigates the social groups whose attachment to the labour market may be unstable and who are most likely to have non-standard working arrangements, and the implications of such arrangements, and job insecurity, for workers’ well-being, social exclusion, trust, perception of fairness

29 August 2023

Som reaktion på Ruslands krig mod Ukraine aktiverede EU sit direktiv om midlertidig beskyttelse for personer, der flygtede fra landet, og gav dem mulighed for at bosætte sig i EU og få adgang til grundlæggende offentlige tjenester og arbejdsmarkedet. I foråret 2023 havde mere end 4,5 millioner

14 June 2023

Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in

09 December 2020

What have been the major trends and policy developments regarding the flexibilisation of employment in recent years? Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020 set out to document and capture these changes in the world of work. This flagship publication provides an overview of developments in Europe

16 April 2020

Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing

03 March 2020

This report sets out to describe what labour market segmentation is and why it is problematic for the labour market and society, as well as disadvantaged groups. It takes a broad view of the term to examine the situation that arises when the divergence in working conditions between different groups

02 December 2019

Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and their working conditions. This policy brief contributes to filling this gap.

27 November 2019

Upward convergence is a process whereby the performance of EU Member States in a given domain or range of domains is seen to improve while gaps between Member States reduce. Achieving upward convergence is of crucial importance to the EU, as the increase of disparities among Member States threatens

25 September 2019

A living wage has been defined as a measure of income that allows an employee a basic but socially acceptable standard of living. In recent decades, living wage initiatives have emerged in a small number of mainly English-speaking countries, including the UK and Ireland. These initiatives have

30 November 2018

Employment policies tend to focus on unemployed people, but evidence indicates that many people who are economically inactive also have labour market potential. This report examines groups within the inactive population that find it difficult to enter or re-enter the labour market and explores the

31 October 2017

Online resources results (4)

Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

Blogs results (13)
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 december 2020
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COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed

17 august 2020
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 november 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 maj 2019
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 april 2018
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The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 august 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term

20 juni 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 marts 2017

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