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Mercados laborales integradores que funcionen adecuadamente

El buen funcionamiento de los mercados de trabajo constituye un requisito previo para aprovechar plenamente el potencial de generación de empleo de la economía a medida que esta emerge de la crisis económica y financiera. La crisis tuvo consecuencias muy diversas para el mercado laboral en los distintos Estados miembros de la UE, y algunos grupos como los jóvenes y las personas con bajo nivel educativo se vieron afectados con especial dureza. El rápido cambio estructural en curso plantea asimismo nuevos retos en lo que se refiere a posibles escaseces de mano de obra y desajustes de las competencias en distintos sectores y regiones.

La principal herramienta de la UE para promover el empleo y la integración social es el Fondo Social Europeo, que ayuda a los ciudadanos a conseguir un empleo, integra a los desfavorecidos en la sociedad, y garantiza unas oportunidades de vida más justas para todos. Existe asimismo una legislación europea de amplio alcance que regula los derechos de los trabajadores en el mercado laboral. Por otra parte, en abril de 2017, la Comisión Europea presentó el Pilar europeo de los derechos sociales. Se basa en la política social y laboral de la UE, y la complementa, con el fin de orientar las políticas emprendidas en otros ámbitos esenciales para el adecuado funcionamiento y la equidad de los mercados laborales y los sistemas de bienestar social.

Topic

Recent updates

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En respuesta a la guerra de Rusia contra Ucrania, la UE activó su Directiva de protección temporal para las personas que han huido del país, permitiendo que se establezcan en...

14 Junio 2023
Publication
Eurofound research paper

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Con la investigación de Eurofound se pretende profundizar en el conocimiento de la dinámica de los mercados laborales en toda Europa, fundamentando al mismo tiempo la política para la mejora de su funcionamiento. Dados los niveles de desempleo que se mantienen elevados de manera persistente en algunos Estados miembros, las políticas de apoyo a la reintegración de los desempleados en el mercado laboral, y las dirigidas a determinados grupos (jóvenes, migrantes, mujeres o desempleados de edad avanzada) revisten un especial interés. Eurofound ha generado un gran volumen de trabajo en esta área, haciendo hincapié en los últimos años en los asuntos relacionados con los jóvenes, el género y el trabajo, las nuevas formas de empleo, la movilidad y la migración, además de los salarios.

Aportaciones fundamentales

Eurofound ha considerado los retos sociales y en materia de empleo que afrontan los jóvenes. En los estudios al respecto se han examinado asuntos relacionados con la integración social y la necesidad de tener en cuenta la diversidad de los jóvenes vulnerables al formular políticas para asistirles. Se ha considerado además la iniciativa empresarial de los jóvenes y los tipos de medidas que han resultado eficaces para prestarles ayuda.

Otra línea de investigación ha puesto de relieve los costes económicos y sociales de la brecha de género en el empleo y ha evaluado la efectividad de las medidas de política que promueven la participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral.

En otra línea de investigación en curso se examinan nuevas formas de empleo que difieren del empleo estándar o no estándar tradicional, así como sus consecuencias para las condiciones de trabajo y los mercados laborales. Al estudio inicial de la tipología le siguieron varias revisiones pormenorizadas de nuevas formas de empleo específicas como la compartición estratégica de empleados y el trabajo en movilidad basado en las TIC.

Los estudios sobre movilidad han proporcionado una visión actualizada de la circulación de trabajadores en Europa y el efecto en la migración de la crisis económica.

Eurofound ha realizado además análisis exhaustivos de diversas cuestiones relacionadas con las transiciones en el mercado laboral, como la permanencia en el puesto de trabajo, el empleo temporal y las transiciones de los jóvenes de la educación al empleo.

Key outputs

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Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

27 Noviembre 2019
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (37)

This report investigates the social groups whose attachment to the labour market may be unstable and who are most likely to have non-standard working arrangements, and the implications of such arrangements, and job insecurity, for workers’ well-being, social exclusion, trust, perception of fairness

29 August 2023

En respuesta a la guerra de Rusia contra Ucrania, la UE activó su Directiva de protección temporal para las personas que han huido del país, permitiendo que se establezcan en la UE y accedan a los servicios públicos básicos y al mercado laboral. En la primavera de 2023, más de 4,5 millones de

14 June 2023

Cerrar las brechas de género en el mercado laboral logrando la participación igualitaria de las mujeres es uno de los objetivos clave de la nueva Estrategia de Igualdad de Género 2020-2025. A pesar de los considerables avances en la reducción de la brecha de género en el empleo, estas se han

09 December 2020

What have been the major trends and policy developments regarding the flexibilisation of employment in recent years? Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020 set out to document and capture these changes in the world of work. This flagship publication provides an overview of developments in Europe

16 April 2020

Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing

03 March 2020

This report sets out to describe what labour market segmentation is and why it is problematic for the labour market and society, as well as disadvantaged groups. It takes a broad view of the term to examine the situation that arises when the divergence in working conditions between different groups

02 December 2019

Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and their working conditions. This policy brief contributes to filling this gap.

27 November 2019

Upward convergence is a process whereby the performance of EU Member States in a given domain or range of domains is seen to improve while gaps between Member States reduce. Achieving upward convergence is of crucial importance to the EU, as the increase of disparities among Member States threatens

25 September 2019

A living wage has been defined as a measure of income that allows an employee a basic but socially acceptable standard of living. In recent decades, living wage initiatives have emerged in a small number of mainly English-speaking countries, including the UK and Ireland. These initiatives have

30 November 2018

Employment policies tend to focus on unemployed people, but evidence indicates that many people who are economically inactive also have labour market potential. This report examines groups within the inactive population that find it difficult to enter or re-enter the labour market and explores the

31 October 2017

Online resources results (4)

Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

Blogs results (13)
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Diciembre 2020
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COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed

17 Agosto 2020
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 Noviembre 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 Mayo 2019
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In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the

17 Abril 2018
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The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated

3 Agosto 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term

20 Junio 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 Marzo 2017

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