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Labour and social regulation

Labour and social regulation covers the legal framework and fundamental social rights that regulates industrial relations, employment and social policies across Europe. It includes national, EU and international legislation.  Union labour law has a direct or indirect impact on the normative and functional frameworks of individual and collective labour law systems of the Member States in a relationship of mutual interference and interaction.  Increasingly Union labour laws are also shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms.  The reform or modernising of labour law is currently high on the agenda in several Member States.

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Der Begriff „hybride Arbeit“ wurde mit dem Anstieg der Telearbeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie populär, als Unternehmen und Beschäftigte begannen, über Möglichkeiten der Arbeitsorganisation nach der Krise zu diskutieren. Der Begriff...

25 Mai 2023
Publication
Research report

Eurofound research

Eurofound has monitored legislative developments in industrial relations, working conditions and restructuring in Europe over time and from a comparative perspective across the Member States. The Agency’s work in this area seeks to assist decision-makers to better understand the legal framework for creating policy. It has also put resources in place to assist audiences in understanding the sometimes complex and difficult terminology used.

EU context

This topic covers the legal framework that regulates industrial relations and employment across Europe, including EU legislation and the fundamental labour standards that need to be taken into account.

Legislation is crucial in shaping how Europeans work and live. It is the basis for ensuring better working conditions, equitable labour relations, and equal opportunities for all citizens.

Publications results (81)

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Der Begriff „hybride Arbeit“ wurde mit dem Anstieg der Telearbeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie populär, als Unternehmen und Beschäftigte begannen, über Möglichkeiten der Arbeitsorganisation nach der Krise zu diskutieren. Der Begriff wird zunehmend für Situationen verwendet, in denen (in Telearbeit

25 May 2023

In diesem Bericht werden die Forschungsarbeiten von Eurofound zur Telearbeit während der COVID-19-Pandemie in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 vorgestellt. Untersucht werden Veränderungen in Bezug auf Telearbeit, Arbeitsbedingungen für Arbeitnehmer, die von zu Hause aus arbeiten, und Änderungen der

08 December 2022

Dieser Bericht wird im Rahmen des dreijährigen Pilotprojekts (2021-2023) „Die Rolle des Mindestlohns bei der Einführung der allgemeinen Garantie für Arbeitende“ erstellt, mit dem Eurofound von der Europäischen Kommission beauftragt wurde. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Modul 3 des Projekts, in dem

30 November 2022

In diesem Bericht sollen die Rechtsvorschriften und Tarifverhandlungen zur Telearbeit in den 27 Mitgliedstaaten und Norwegen erfasst und analysiert werden. Darin werden die wichtigsten länderspezifischen Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in Bezug auf die Rechtsvorschriften zur Telearbeit und die

01 September 2022

Nach den vorsichtigen Mindestlohnerhöhungen im Jahr 2021 stiegen die Nominalsätze 2022 nun signifikant an, da sich die negativen Folgen der Pandemie abschwächten und sich die Lage in den Volkswirtschaften und auf den Arbeitsmärkten besserte. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben 20 der 21 EU-Mitgliedstaaten

15 June 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

Dieser Bericht bietet eine Zusammenfassung, wie in dem von der COVID-19-Pandemie gekennzeichneten Jahr 2020 die Mindestlohnsätze für 2021 festgelegt wurden. Es werden die Schwierigkeiten beleuchtet, denen sich nationale Entscheidungsträger gegenübersahen, und es wird untersucht, wie sie auf die

10 June 2021

In diesem Bericht werden die politischen Entwicklungen in den EU-Mitgliedstaaten zur Förderung der Eingliederung von Menschen mit Behinderungen in den offenen Arbeitsmarkt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der drei Phasen – Eintritt ins Erwerbsleben, Verbleib auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und Rückkehr an den

19 April 2021

Online resources results (793)
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Collective bargaining and social dialogue – Back to normal in 2021?

Two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, social dialogue continues to make a significant contribution to helping economies recover. Managing the crisis led many governments to rely on tripartite social dialogue to develop the policies that would mitigate the negative impact of the

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Back to work after COVID-19: Testing, vaccines and green certificates

In the second pandemic year 2021, access to one’s place of work was increasingly dependent on providing proof of either having been tested, vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19 in several countries. Specific professional groups – such as essential workers and workers in critical infrastructure –

Labour market regulation, effectiveness of legal rights and obligations, and safety and health at work 9 March 2021 Presentation by Barbara Gerstenberger, Head of unit - Working life, Eurofound

9 März 2021

Connecting and disconnecting and work-life balance 9 March 2021 Presentation by Tina Weber, Research manager - Employment unit, Eurofound

9 März 2021
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Member States are dawdling on gender pay transparency

The gender pay gap in gross hourly earnings in the EU was 14.8% in 2018. To help combat discriminatory pay practices by employers, the European Commission recommended in 2014 the introduction of pay transparency measures in all Member States. But more than half still have not implemented any such

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Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by

United Kingdom: latest working life developments Q2 2018

The social partners’ joint statement on the risk of a no-deal Brexit risk, launch of the first labour market enforcement strategy and a record low for workers’ strikes are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in

Belgium: latest working life developments Q2 2018

Ongoing discussions about pension reform for ‘heavy occupations’, the signing of an agreement in the non-profit sector and strikes in the railway sector are the main topics of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the first quarter of 2018

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

The state budget for 2018, tax reforms, the ending of strike action by healthcare workers, and continued wage growth are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Latvia in the fourth quarter of 2017.


Blogs results (12)
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

17 Juli 2019
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The European Union (EU) has strong legislation in place that protects workers from being exploited and also enables businesses to engage in fair competition. Workers are mobile and can move freely within the EU single market across borders – without being dependent upon traffickers. Yet, the latest

3 Mai 2016

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