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Töösuhted

Ametiühingud, tööandjate organisatsioonid ja avaliku sektori asutused – neil kõigil on töösuhte juhtimisel oma roll. Nad on Euroopa, riiklikul, valdkondlikul, piirkondlikul ja ettevõtte tasandil toimiva süsteemi omavahel seotud osad. Viimastel aastatel, kui tehnoloogia ja töövormid on arenenud pidevalt muutuvas majanduskeskkonnas, on töösuhete süsteemid seisnud silmitsi otsustava tähtsusega ülesannetega.

Euroopa Komisjon algatas 2015. aastal sellega seoses taas Euroopa sotsiaaldialoogi. 2016. aasta juunis tehtud ühisavalduses rõhutasid komisjon, Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu ja sotsiaalpartnerid selle tähtsust ELi tööhõive- ja sotsiaalpoliitika kujundajana.

Topic

Recent updates

EU context

Eurofoundi töö

Eurofoundi on 40 aasta jooksul arendatud töösuhete suundumuste jälgimise ja analüüsimise peamise eksperdikeskusena. Muu hulgas on jälgitud ja analüüsitud Euroopa ja riikide tasandi sotsiaaldialoogi vahelisi seoseid. Tuginedes 28 ELi liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku teadmistele, on kajastatud kõikides liikmesriikides ja ELis tervikuna toimunud arengusuundumusi. 

Põhipanus

Eurofound on teinud EL 28s ja Norras valitsevate töösuhete kohta mitmesuguseid võrdlevaid analüüse, koostanud artikleid ja korraldanud juhtumiuuringuid ning korrapäraselt ajakohastanud asjaomaste teemade andmebaase.

Hiljutises uuringus antakse ülevaade 21. sajandi Euroopa töösuhete süsteemide asjakohastest põhimõõtmetest ja -näitajatest ning kirjeldatakse neid. Teiseks vaadeldakse, kuidas sotsiaalpartnerid on ELis ja Norras uurinud uusi teemasid, vahendeid ja innovatiivseid käsitlusviise, et lahendada viimastel aastatel tekkinud paljusid uusi poliitilisi, õiguslikke ja sotsiaalseid probleeme.

Tasustamine ja tööaeg on endiselt suurt huvi pakkuvad valdkonnad, mis igal aastal uuesti läbi vaadatakse. Üks tasustamisega seotud hiljutine uus uurimisteema keskendub seadusjärgse miinimumpalga tasemetele ELis, teine aga kollektiivsetele palgaläbirääkimistele.

Eurofound on 2006. aastast alates on Eurofound korraldanud Euroopa Komisjoni antud volituste alusel Euroopa valdkondlike sotsiaalpartnerite organisatsioonide representatiivsuse uuringuid.

Ressursid

Tööelu arengu aruandlus

Eurofound pakub jälgimis- ja aruandlusvahendite kaudu süstemaatilisi ja võrreldavaid andmeid riikide töösuhete süsteemide ja tööelu arengu kohta, tuginedes 28 liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku tööle.

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktoober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal...

29 juuni 2023
Publication
Research report
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Käesolevas aruandes analüüsitakse kollektiivläbirääkimiste protsesside ja tulemuste hiljutisi arenguid ja uusi tavasid, peamiselt erasektoris. Aruanne hõlmab 10 ELi liikmesriigi kollektiivläbirääkimiste süsteeme ning põhineb juhtumitel, mis on tuvastatud vestlustel riikliku tasandi...

31 august 2022
Publication
Research report
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Osana oma ülesandest edendada sotsiaaldialoogi on Eurofound jälginud ja analüüsinud töösuhete süsteemide arengut Euroopa Liidu tasandil ja Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides üle 40 aasta. Juhtalgatuste aruanne põhineb tööl, mida tehti selles...

11 detsember 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (516)

    Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

    26 February 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

    08 December 2023

    Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

    05 December 2023

    In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary.

    27 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

    21 November 2023

    This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

    09 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

    26 October 2023

    After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

    06 September 2023

    Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal näitab käesolev aruanne, et

    29 June 2023

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2022, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the policy responses of governments to inflation and how inflation has featured in

    05 May 2023

    Online resources results (1688)

    Estonia: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

    A new three-year sectoral collective agreement for bus drivers, concerns about transposition of the Enforcement Directive, and social policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the third quarter

    Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

    Cyprus: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    A strike by primary school teachers and the resumption of public service recruitment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Cyprus in the third quarter of 2016.

    Austria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers, together with discussions about the types of jobs unemployed people should accept, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Austria in the third quarter of

    EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the

    Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Differences between social partners on a proposal to increase the minimum wage, demands by industrial trade unions for higher wages and strike action by teachers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the

    Germany: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Falling unemployment and an improved business outlook, the views of social partners on proposed equal pay legislation, and the rise of the right-wing AfD party are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Germany in the

    United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The Prime Minister’s statements on Brexit at the Conservative Party conference, labour market developments and the latest developments in the junior doctors’ dispute are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the United

    Czech Republic: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

    Significant wage increases in many sectors, positive results from public opinion surveys, amendment of the Labour Code and easier rules on employing low-qualified Ukrainian workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    A proposal to change the state pension age, suggested changes to requirements for public procurement contracts and an increase in the use of permanent employment contracts are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

    15 juuni 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

    28 oktoober 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 aprill 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 jaanuar 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

    20 november 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 november 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

    17 juuli 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across

    17 aprill 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Mai 2018

    Upcoming publications results (9)

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    November 2024

    The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

    June 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

    May 2024

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