Seirbhísí poiblí
Tá seirbhísí poiblí amhail cúram sláinte, cúram sóisialta, oideachas agus iompar ríthábhachtach chun leibhéil arda cosanta sóisialta, comhtháthaithe sóisialta agus cuimsithe sóisialta a bhaint amach. Ach is é cáilíocht agus rochtain na seirbhísí a chinneann a rath ar fud tírdhreach sóisialta agus déimeagrafach atá ag athrú. Is é an dúshlán atá ag lucht déanta beartas ná a chinntiú go ndéanfar seirbhísí sláinte agus sóisialta a dhearadh agus a sheachadadh a fhreastalaíonn ar riachtanais éagsúla na saoránach. Tá an dúshlán sin níos measa ag srianta tromchúiseacha airgeadais agus ag méadú ar an éileamh, mar gheall ar aosú déimeagrafach agus, i bpáirt, mar gheall ar shruth dídeanaithe chun na hEorpa. Chomh maith le hinacmhainneacht agus cáilíocht, tá saincheisteanna níos nuaí ag teacht chun cinn freisin. Áirítear orthu sin deiseanna an digitithe, mar aon leis an mbaol go bhféadfadh bealaí digiteacha nua le haghaidh seachadadh seirbhíse pobail atá faoi mhíbhuntáiste cheana féin a leithlisiú agus an bhagairt a d'fhéadfadh a bheith ann go dtiocfadh méadú ar éagsúlacht na soláthraithe seirbhíse maidir le rochtain ar sheirbhísí poiblí agus cáilíocht na seirbhísí sin.
Faigh an t-ábhar is déanaí ar an ábhar seo thíos.
Europe’s digital welfare revolution: Progress at what price?
As Europe races to digitalise its social protection systems, the promise of efficiency collides with the reality of exclusion—creating a paradox where the most vulnerable risk being left furthest behind.Tá cúrsaí ag obair ar son leanaí: Forbhreathnú ar sholáthar seirbhíse agus ar fhórsa saothair san Eoraip
Is príomhspriocanna an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh nua iad folláine leanaí a chur chun cinn agus dul i ngleic le bochtaineacht leanaí. Déanann an tuarascáil seo anailís ar threochtaí agus ar éagothromaíochtaí maidir le hinrochtaineacht seirbhísí do leanaí a gcaithfear aghaidh a thabhairt orthu chun é sin a bhaint amach. Ina theannta sin, ós rud é go bhfuil ról lárnach ag an bhfoireann maidir le cáilíocht agus inrochtaineacht na seirbhísí seo a chinneadh, déanann an tuarascáil seo cur síos ar staid na himeartha maidir le coinníollacha oibre foirne agus deiseanna oiliúna. Tá ról lárnach ag dea-dhálaí oibre agus ag seirbhísí ardchaighdeáin inacmhainne, amhail oideachas agus cúram luath-óige, maidir le rannpháirtíocht sa mhargadh saothair a spreagadh agus táirgiúlacht a mhéadú.
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
Scrúdaíonn Eurofound riachtanais na saoránach i gcoitinne, agus béim ar leith á tabhairt ar dhaoine óga, ar dhaoine scothaosta agus orthu siúd a bhfuil fadhbanna sláinte coirp nó meabhrach acu. Déanann sé monatóireacht agus anailís ar athruithe i seirbhísí poiblí de bharr srianta buiséadacha, athruithe ar bheartais agus dul chun cinn sa teicneolaíocht agus sa digitiú. Scrúdaíonn taighde Eurofound ar sheirbhísí poiblí peirspictíochtaí soláthraithe seirbhíse agus a bhfreagairt ar riachtanais athraitheacha úsáideoirí.
D'iarr Pacáiste Infheistíochta Sóisialta an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh, a seoladh in 2013, ar na Ballstáit béim níos mó a chur ar sheirbhísí poiblí ar ardchaighdeán. Leag sé béim ar an tábhacht a bhaineann le feabhas a chur ar rochtain ar oideachas agus ar chúram luath-óige, chomh maith le cúram sláinte ardchaighdeáin mar ghné lárnach chun sláinte fhoriomlán a fheabhsú agus táirgiúlacht an fhórsa saothair a choinneáil. I mí na Bealtaine 2019, ghlac Comhairle an Aontais Eorpaigh an Moladh maidir le córais oideachais agus cúraim luath-óige ar ardchaighdeán chun tacú leis na Ballstáit rochtain ar na seirbhísí a sholáthraíonn siad agus cáilíocht na seirbhísí sin a fheabhsú. Ina dhiaidh sin, glacadh an Ráthaíocht Eorpach um Leanaí i mí an Mheithimh 2021 agus tá sé mar aidhm aici a chinntiú go bhfuil rochtain ag gach leanbh ar na cearta is bunúsaí amhail cúram sláinte agus oideachas.
Ina theannta sin, leagtar béim i straitéis an Choimisiúin don Mhargadh Aonair Digiteach don Eoraip, a glacadh in 2015, ar nuachóiriú seirbhísí poiblí mar bhealach chun iomaíochas a threisiú. Tá sé ríthábhachtach glacadh le teicneolaíochtaí nua, seirbhísí poiblí ar líne agus idir-inoibritheacht trasteorann chun éifeachtúlachtaí costais agus cáilíocht na seirbhísí a mhéadú. Leagtar amach i nDeich mBliana Digiteacha an Aontais, a fógraíodh in 2021, fís do chlaochlú digiteach na hEorpa faoi 2030. Tugtar breac-chuntas ann ar cheithre phríomhréimse, ceann acu is ea digitiú na seirbhísí poiblí.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Pacáiste Infheistíochta Sóisialtaopens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: An Coiste um Chosaint Shóisialachopens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Ráthaíocht Eorpach um Leanaíopens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Deich mBliana Digiteacha na hEorpa: spriocanna digiteacha do 2030opens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Ár slí mhaireachtála Eorpach a chur chun cinnopens in new tab
Is rogha é seo de na torthaí is tábhachtaí don ábhar seo.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
16 August 2023
Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality
This report addresses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on social services in the EU. While the pandemic negatively affected social services, it nevertheless provided lessons on how to adapt them in response to new challenges and social risks. One lesson, for instance, is that policies should be developed to make better use of digitalisation in the sector, to improve access to new technologies and training for both workers and services’ target groups. And, most importantly, there is a need for clear contingency plans and funding for adaptation in times of crisis.
An increase in public expenditure on social protection, healthcare and education was a critical part of the pandemic response. However, there is uncertainty about the future development of social services in the context of the overarching policy interest and investment in the green and digital transition. This implies that the contribution of social services to the resilience of European societies needs to remain in the policy debate and that policies should be further fine-tuned.
7 September 2022
Access to essential services for people on low incomes: Energy, public transport and digital communications
In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For this exercise, the scope was on energy services, public transport, and digital communications, and the focus on people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in most cases in practice, people on low incomes). This paper provides an overview of the measures in the Member States based mainly on the inputs from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, collected in February–March 2022. The paper reviews the measures across the entire EU by clustering the major types or targets of the measures to make essential services accessible, and by succinctly listing main country-level examples. It provides information for understanding the diversity and similarities of the measures applied and suggests pointers on areas where policy action could be developed.
30 September 2021
COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU?
The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and healthcare outcomes, as well as health expenditures and delivery, prior to the pandemic. It also examines convergence patterns in infections and deaths from COVID-19 and in the mitigating measures adopted by the EU and national governments.
The findings indicate that, from 2008 to 2019, the health of EU citizens improved overall, and Member States converged in health outcomes, but disparities in government expenditures and delivery of health services continued to widen. Against this background, the COVID-19 pandemic caused further divergence, with death and infection tolls varying greatly across countries. The policy brief stresses that a European Health Union would ideally not only reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU but also ultimately enable convergence in health and healthcare indicators across its Member States.
14 December 2020
Long-term care workforce: Employment and working conditions
The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report maps the LTC workforce’s working conditions and the nature of employment and role of collective bargaining in the sector. It also discusses policies to make the sector more attractive, combat undeclared work and improve the situation of a particularly vulnerable group of LTC workers: live-in carers. The report ends with a discussion and policy pointers on addressing expected staff shortages and the challenges around working conditions.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
Soláthraíonn taighdeoirí Eurofound léargas saineolaithe agus is féidir teagmháil a dhéanamh leo le haghaidh ceisteanna nó fiosrúcháin ó na meáin.
Daniel Molinuevo
Senior research managerIs bainisteoir taighde é Daniel Molinuevo san aonad Beartais Shóisialta, tar éis dó a bheith páirteach in Eurofound in 2010. Dhírigh a chuid taighde ar chúram sláinte agus sóisialta ar cháilíocht agus inrochtaineacht seirbhísí, a gclaochlú digiteach agus coinníollacha oibre na foirne. Dhírigh a chuid oibre go príomha ar sheirbhísí do leanaí, ag Eurofound agus ag UNICEF, áit ar oibrigh sé in 2021 ag tacú le cur chun feidhme na Ráthaíochta Leanaí Eorpaí. Rinne sé staidéar ar an tsocheolaíocht i Salamanca na Spáinne agus in Ollscoil Humboldt i mBeirlín. Tá MA aige i Staidéar Polaitiúil agus Riaracháin na hEorpa ó Choláiste na hEorpa i mBruges agus MSc i mBeartas Sóisialta na hEorpa ó Scoil Eacnamaíochta Londain, áit ar oibrigh sé mar thaighdeoir freisin.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerIs bainisteoir taighde sinsearach é Hans Dubois san aonad Beartais Shóisialta ag Eurofound. I measc a chuid topaicí taighde tá tithíocht, ró-fhiachas, cúram sláinte, cúram fadtéarmach, sochair shóisialta, scor, agus cáilíocht na beatha sa cheantar áitiúil. Sula ndeachaigh sé isteach i Eurofound, bhí sé ina Ollamh Cúnta in Ollscoil Kozminski (Vársá). Chríochnaigh sé PhD i Riarachán agus Bainistíocht Gnó in Ollscoil Bocconi (Milano), tar éis dó a bheith ag obair mar oifigeach taighde ag an Réadlann Eorpach ar Chórais agus Beartais Sláinte (Maidrid).
Tugann an rannán seo rochtain ar an ábhar ar fad a foilsíodh faoin ábhar.
