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Javne usluge

Javne usluge poput zdravstvene zaštite, obrazovanja, socijalne skrbi i prijevoza neophodne su za postizanje visokih razina socijalne zaštite, društvene kohezije i društvene uključenosti. No kvaliteta usluga i pristup uslugama ono je što određuje njihov uspjeh diljem promjenjivog socijalnog i demografskog okruženja.

Donositelji politika imaju izazov osmisliti i pružiti zdravstvene i socijalne usluge koje zadovoljavaju različite potrebe stanovništva. Taj je izazov povezan s velikim financijskim preprekama posljednjih godina i s povećanom potražnjom, što je djelomično uvjetovano starenjem stanovništva, a djelomično i priljevom izbjeglica u Europu. Uz pristupačnost i kvalitetu pojavljuju se i dodatni problemi. Oni uključuju rizik da novi digitalni kanali za pružanje usluga mogu dodatno izolirati zajednice koje su već ugrožene te potencijalne poteškoće za osiguranje standarda za pristup uslugama i kvalitetu usluga.

Paketom mjera za socijalno ulaganje Europske komisije koji je pokrenut 2013. države članice se potiču na veću usmjerenost na visokokvalitetne javne usluge. Nadalje, u Komisijinoj strategiji jedinstvenog digitalnog tržišta za Europu, koja je usvojena 2015., naglašava se modernizacija javnih usluga kako bi se povećala konkurentnost. Prihvaćanje novih tehnologija, internetski pristup javnim uslugama i prekogranična interoperabilnost ključni su za povećanje isplativosti i kvalitete usluga. U travnju 2017. Komisija je pokrenula paket Europskog stupa socijalnih prava, čija glavna načela uključuju pristup kvalitetnom obrazovanju, obrazovanju i skrbi u ranom djetinjstvu, zdravstvenoj zaštiti, socijalnom stanovanju i ostalim neophodnim uslugama.

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Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...
Podcast
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

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EU context

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound istražuje potrebe građana općenito, s posebnim naglaskom na mlade, starije, osobe s fizičkim ili psihičkim problemima te osobe s migrantskim podrijetlom. Organizacija prati i analizira promjene u javnim uslugama koje proizlaze iz proračunskih ograničenja, promjena u politikama te napredaka u tehnologiji i digitalizaciji. Putem detaljnih studija slučaja, Eurofoundovim istraživanjem javnih usluga ispituju se i perspektive pružatelja usluga i njihov odgovor na promjene potreba korisnika.

Ključni doprinosi

Analizom iz Eurofoundovog Europskog istraživanja o kvaliteti života (EQLS) ispituje se utjecaj krize na europsko društvo i načine na koji Europljani percipiraju kvalitetu svojih društava i javnih usluga. Detaljna istraživanja obrađuju niz ključnih tema, između ostalog utjecaj ekonomske krize i socijalnih reformi na životne standarde i kvalitetu društva.

S pomoću podataka EQLS-a istraživanjem su posebice ispitane društvene nejednakosti u četirima ključnim područjima života: u zdravlju, životnom standardu, produktivnim i vrednovanim aktivnostima, obiteljskom i društvenom životu. Obitelji su isto bile u središtu analize te je promatrana  promjenjiva kvaliteta života diljem Europe za različite vrste obitelji s djecom i uspoređivani su njihovi životni standardi i socijalna situacija. 

Ostala su područja interesa socijalni i ekonomski troškovi i posljedice loše kvalitete stanovanja, kao i porast privatnog pružanja bolničkih usluga diljem Europe. Predmet rasprave bio je i utjecaj sve većeg priljeva mobilnih građana na javne usluge država članica EU-a.

Mjere za potporu socijalne uključenosti mladih i iskustvo provedbe Jamstva za mlade važne su teme za Eurofound. Uz to, pristup obrazovanju u ranom djetinjstvu i uslugama skrbi te kvaliteta takvih usluga postaju sve važniji u raspravama o politici EU-a te su isto bili u središtu Eurofoundovih istraživanja.

S pomoću podataka četvrtog EQLS-a provedenog 2016. Eurofoundovim će se istraživanjem ispitati u kojoj mjeri javne službe ispunjavaju potrebe društvenih skupina u pomaganju donositeljima politika da pruže dostatne i prikladne socijalne usluge. Eurofound će se baviti utjecajem digitalizacije izvan društvenih i zemljopisnih granica te će istraživati načine na koji nove tehnologije mogu podržati oblikovanje i pružanje zdravstvenih i socijalnih usluga.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

Front cover for Eurofound's publication entitled 'Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality'

U ovom se izvješću razmatra utjecaj krize uzrokovane bolešću COVID-19 na socijalne usluge u EU-u. Iako je pandemija negativno utjecala na socijalne usluge, pružila je i saznanja o tome kako...

16 kolovoza 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

    18 October 2023

    The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing.

    21 September 2023

    U ovom se izvješću razmatra utjecaj krize uzrokovane bolešću COVID-19 na socijalne usluge u EU-u. Iako je pandemija negativno utjecala na socijalne usluge, pružila je i saznanja o tome kako te usluge prilagoditi novim situacijama i socijalnim rizicima. Pokazalo se, primjerice, da bi trebalo razviti

    16 August 2023

    In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

    07 September 2022

    A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in

    21 March 2022

    Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci na korištenje usluga skrbi i oslanjanje starijih osoba na druge

    28 January 2022

    The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and

    30 September 2021

    U izvješću se ispituje razvoj politika u državama članicama EU-a usmjerenih na podršku uključivanju osoba s invaliditetom na otvoreno tržište rada, s posebnim naglaskom na tri faze: zapošljavanje, zadržavanje radnog mjesta i povratak na posao nakon izostanka. Istražuju se mehanizmi i djelotvornost

    19 April 2021

    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the accessibility of health, education and care services for all Europeans. This is also the case for children, who in several countries have seen their schools closed and replaced with remote learning. They have been affected, too, by the pandemic

    28 January 2021

    The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

    14 December 2020

    Online resources results (54)

    Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

    The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

    National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

    The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

    Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

    During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

    New collective agreements signed in public services

    In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

    The trade unionist of the 1990s?

    The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

    Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

    The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes

    Substantial wage increases and a new bargaining situation for the medical profession

    As a result of the 1996 wage settlement, medical physicians employed at Norwegian hospitals gained substantial wage increases. These increases can in part be explained by an increase in basic wages, and in part by prolonging weekly working hours through permitting more overtime and at the same time

    Hospital administration and working conditions reform proposed

    A public debate has begun in Portugal about the privatisation of public hospitals. Medical, paramedical and nursing unions have reacted largely negatively to proposed changes in the regulation of industrial relations, employment contracts and working conditions, and strikes were due in August

    Continuity and change in pay and working time

    One of the most significant transformations of British industrial relations in recent years has been the shift from national to enterprise-level bargaining. Multi-employer bargaining arrangements have tended to be replaced with multi-establishment, single employer bargaining, although there are also

    Strikes in the hospital sector

    The law on social welfare, adopted in November 1995, included provisions on a range of matters, such as: the submission of the social security budget to parliamentary vote; the setting up of a new tax known as "social security deficit clearance" (Remboursement de la dette sociale); the abolition of


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 listopada 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 svibnja 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 siječnja 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 prosinca 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 svibnja 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 veljače 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 studenog 2023
    Reference period:
    24 listopada 2023
    Reference period:

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