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Serviciile publice

Serviciile publice precum sănătatea, învățământul, asistența socială și transportul sunt esențiale pentru atingerea unor niveluri ridicate de protecție socială, de coeziune socială și de incluziune socială. Dar factorii care determină succesul acestora într-un peisaj social și demografic în schimbare sunt calitatea serviciilor și accesul la ele.

Pentru factorii de decizie politică, provocarea constă în asigurarea conceperii și a prestării unor servicii sociale și de sănătate care să răspundă nevoilor variate ale cetățenilor. Această provocare a fost amplificată de constrângerile financiare severe din ultimii ani și de creșterea cererii, determinată în parte de îmbătrânirea demografică și, într-o oarecare măsură, de afluxul de refugiați în Europa. Pe lângă accesibilitate și calitate, în prezent apar și alte probleme. Printre ele se numără riscul ca noile canale digitale pentru furnizarea de servicii să izoleze comunitățile deja defavorizate, precum și eventualele dificultăți întâmpinate în asigurarea standardelor de acces la servicii și de calitate a acestora.

Pachetul privind investițiile sociale al Comisiei Europene, lansat în 2013, îndeamnă statele membre să pună un accent mai mare pe serviciile publice de înaltă calitate. În plus, strategia privind piața unică digitală pentru Europa, adoptată de Comisie în 2015, pune accentul pe modernizarea serviciilor publice ca modalitate de stimulare a competitivității. Adoptarea noilor tehnologii, a serviciilor publice online și a interoperabilității transfrontaliere sunt esențiale pentru creșterea eficienței costurilor și a calității serviciilor. În aprilie 2017, Comisia a lansat pachetul pilonului european al drepturilor sociale, care include printre principiile de bază accesul la o educație de bună calitate, la educația și îngrijirea copiilor preșcolari, la asistență medicală, la locuințe sociale și la alte servicii de bază.

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...
Podcast
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

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EU context

Activitatea Eurofound

Eurofound examinează nevoile cetățenilor în general, punând un accent deosebit pe tineri, pe vârstnici, pe cei cu probleme de sănătate fizică sau psihică și pe cei proveniți dintr-un context de migrație. Agenția monitorizează și analizează schimbările care au afectat serviciile publice ca urmare a constrângerilor bugetare, a schimbării politicilor și a progreselor din domeniul tehnologiei și al digitalizării. Prin studii de caz aprofundate, cercetările efectuate de Eurofound privind serviciile publice analizează totodată perspectivele furnizorilor de servicii și modul în care răspund nevoilor în schimbare ale utilizatorilor.

Principalele contribuții

Analiza din cadrul sondajului european privind calitatea vieții (EQLS) efectuat de Eurofound examinează impactul crizei asupra societății europene și modul în care percep europenii calitatea societăților în care trăiesc și a serviciilor publice ale acestora. Studiile aprofundate abordează o serie de teme esențiale, printre care efectul crizei economice și al reformelor care vizează bunăstarea asupra nivelului de trai și a calității societății.

Ca mențiune specială, utilizând datele EQLS, cercetările au analizat inegalitățile sociale în patru domenii esențiale ale vieții: sănătatea, nivelul de trai, activitățile productive și aprecierea activităților, precum și viața personală, de familie și socială. Familiile s-au aflat de asemenea în centrul analizei, care a examinat schimbările survenite în calitatea vieții a diverse tipuri de familii cu copii din UE și a comparat nivelul de trai și situația socială a acestora. 

Alte domenii de interes au fost costurile și consecințele sociale și economice ale locuințelor precare, precum și intensificarea furnizării private de servicii spitalicești în toată Europa. În plus, impactul creșterii fluxului de cetățeni mobili asupra serviciilor publice din statele membre ale UE a constituit un subiect de dezbatere.

Măsurile de sprijinire a incluziunii sociale a tinerilor și experiența privind punerea în aplicare a Garanției pentru tineret au reprezentat teme importante pentru Eurofound. În plus, accesul la serviciile de educare și îngrijire a copiilor preșcolari și calitatea acestor servicii au devenit din ce în ce mai importante în cadrul dezbaterii privind politicile UE și s-au aflat la rândul lor în centrul cercetărilor Eurofound.

Utilizând datele din cel de-al patrulea EQLS, efectuat în 2016, cercetarea Eurofound va examina în ce măsură serviciile publice satisfac necesitățile grupurilor sociale, pentru a ajuta factorii de decizie să furnizeze servicii sociale adecvate și corespunzătoare. Eurofound va aborda impactul digitalizării dincolo de granițele societale și geografice, examinând modul în care conceperea și furnizarea serviciilor sociale și de sănătate pot fi susținute de noile tehnologii.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

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The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in...

21 Septembrie 2023
Publication
Policy brief
Front cover for Eurofound's publication entitled 'Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality'

Acest raport abordează impactul crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra serviciilor sociale din UE. Deși pandemia a avut un efect negativ asupra serviciilor sociale, a oferit însă lecții cu...

16 August 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

    18 October 2023

    The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing.

    21 September 2023

    Acest raport abordează impactul crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra serviciilor sociale din UE. Deși pandemia a avut un efect negativ asupra serviciilor sociale, a oferit însă lecții cu privire la modul de adaptare a acestor servicii ca răspuns la noi provocări și riscuri sociale. De

    16 August 2023

    In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

    07 September 2022

    A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in

    21 March 2022

    Acest raport surprinde impactul crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra calității vieții cetățenilor în vârstă, inclusiv asupra bunăstării, situației financiare, ocupării forței de muncă și incluziunii sociale a acestora. Raportul analizează efectele asupra utilizării serviciilor de

    28 January 2022

    The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and

    30 September 2021

    Prezentul raport analizează evoluțiile din statele membre ale UE în materie de politici de sprijinire a incluziunii persoanelor cu handicap pe piața liberă a muncii, punând un accent deosebit pe cele trei etape reprezentate de angajare, rămânerea la locul de muncă și revenirea la muncă după o

    19 April 2021

    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the accessibility of health, education and care services for all Europeans. This is also the case for children, who in several countries have seen their schools closed and replaced with remote learning. They have been affected, too, by the pandemic

    28 January 2021

    The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

    14 December 2020

    Online resources results (54)

    Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

    The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

    National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

    The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

    Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

    During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

    New collective agreements signed in public services

    In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

    The trade unionist of the 1990s?

    The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

    Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

    The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes

    Substantial wage increases and a new bargaining situation for the medical profession

    As a result of the 1996 wage settlement, medical physicians employed at Norwegian hospitals gained substantial wage increases. These increases can in part be explained by an increase in basic wages, and in part by prolonging weekly working hours through permitting more overtime and at the same time

    Hospital administration and working conditions reform proposed

    A public debate has begun in Portugal about the privatisation of public hospitals. Medical, paramedical and nursing unions have reacted largely negatively to proposed changes in the regulation of industrial relations, employment contracts and working conditions, and strikes were due in August

    Continuity and change in pay and working time

    One of the most significant transformations of British industrial relations in recent years has been the shift from national to enterprise-level bargaining. Multi-employer bargaining arrangements have tended to be replaced with multi-establishment, single employer bargaining, although there are also

    Strikes in the hospital sector

    The law on social welfare, adopted in November 1995, included provisions on a range of matters, such as: the submission of the social security budget to parliamentary vote; the setting up of a new tax known as "social security deficit clearance" (Remboursement de la dette sociale); the abolition of


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Octombrie 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care

    5 Mai 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Ianuarie 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Decembrie 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Mai 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support

    3 Februarie 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Noiembrie 2023
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    24 Octombrie 2023
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