Subjektyvi savijauta
Subjektyvi gerovė reiškia, kaip žmonės suvokia savo gyvenimo kokybę. Piliečių gerovės skatinimas yra pagrindinis ES tikslas, kuris per pastarąjį dešimtmetį tapo svarbus socialinės politikos darbotvarkėje. Tai apima sveikatos skirtumus ar nelygybę.
Naujausias turinys šia tema pateikiamas toliau.
The roots of Europe's mental health crisis run deep
This article looks at the trends, the groups at risk, the services and policies in the area of mental health. The European Commission’s communication on a comprehensive approach to mental health, adopted in June 2023, aims to place mental health on an equal footing with physical health and ensure a new, cross-sectoral approach to mental health issues. But, solutions must be sought not only narrowly within mental health care, but also in improving living and working conditions and facilitating social and economic inclusion.Quality of life in the EU in 2024: Results from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey
Eurofound’s e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns. This factsheet outlines the most recent data on the main challenges faced by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on the rising cost of living, health and mental health, access to healthcare services, work–life balance, and changes in telework opportunities. View the publication or read the findings in digital format via the related content.
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
Europos gyvenimo kokybės tyrimas
Eurofound Europos gyvenimo kokybės tyrimas (EQLS) turi unikaliai didelį subjektyvios gerovės rodiklių rinkinį (26 rodikliai 2016 m. tyrime). Paprastai įtraukiami du pasauliniai rodikliai, siekiant užfiksuoti bendrą subjektyvią savijautą:
pasitenkinimą gyvenimu, kuris leidžia žmonėms bendrai įvertinti savo gyvenimą
bendra laimė, kuri leidžia žmonėms emocingiau įvertinti, kaip jie jaučiasi
Gerovės rodikliai
2003 m. EUROFOUND pradėjo savo pirmąją EQLS, o 2016 m. užbaigė ketvirtąją apklausą. EQLS naudojama koncepcinė sistema iš esmės atitinka EBPO gaires. Subjektyvi gerovė sprendžiama pagal tris rodiklių grupes:
Vertinamoji gerovė – pasitenkinimas gyvenimu ir pasitenkinimas gyvenimo sritimis
teigiamas ir neigiamas poveikis – laimė, gyvybingumas, ramybė, linksmumas, depresija
eudaimoninė gerovė – optimizmas, savarankiškumas, tikslo jausmas, laikas džiaugtis gyvenimu ir atsparumas
EQLS išvados rodo, kad stipriausi veiksniai, lemiantys didesnį pasitenkinimą gyvenimu ir laimę, yra tikslo jausmas, po kurio seka optimizmas dėl savo ateities ir savarankiškumo.
Sveikata yra dar vienas svarbus gerovės veiksnys. EQLS duomenys atskleidžia visų ES gyventojų ir ypač susirūpinimą keliančių grupių sveikatos pokyčius. Kalbant apie psichikos sveikatą ir gerovę, EQLS užduoda keletą klausimų, kurie gali būti naudojami PSO psichikos gerovės indeksui (PSO-5) sudaryti.
2016 m. EQLS apėmė du papildomus elementus, kuriais matuojamas atsparumas, siekiant užfiksuoti suvokiamą gebėjimą spręsti problemas ir laiką, kurio reikia atsigauti. Suvokiamas atsparumas teigiamai koreliuoja su psichinės gerovės kintamaisiais.
Europos Sąjungos sutarties 3 straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kad ES svarbu skatinti savo tautų gerovę ir siekti darnaus Europos vystymosi. Europos socialinių teisių ramstyje pakartojamas šis tikslas ir pabrėžiama, kad stiprioje socialinėje Europoje svarbiausias dėmesys skiriamas žmonėms ir jų gerovei. Gera sveikata ir gerovė taip pat yra vienas iš 17 JT darnaus vystymosi tikslų.
Siekiant įvertinti šiuolaikinių visuomenių sudėtingumą, Europos Komisijos iniciatyva "Ne tik BVP" siekiama įvertinti pažangą, tikrąją gerovę ir gerovę kuriant rodiklius, kurie papildytų BVP duomenis, tačiau labiau įtrauktų aplinkosaugos ir socialinius pažangos aspektus. Be to, Eurostato gyvenimo kokybės rodikliai pateikia naujausius statistinius duomenis apie įvairius gyvenimo kokybės aspektus ES, taip pat papildo tradiciškai naudojamą BVP rodiklį.
PSO 2021–2025 m. Europos psichikos sveikatos ir gerovės veiksmų programa, kurią bendrai finansuoja Komisija, padeda ES valstybėms narėms peržiūrėti savo politiką ir dalytis patirtimi gerinant politikos veiksmingumą ir veiksmingumą.
Pasauliniame kontekste Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacija (EBPO) parengė subjektyvios gerovės priemonių rinkimo ir naudojimo gaires.
Europos Komisija: Europos socialinių teisių ramsčio veiksmų planasopens in new tab
Jungtinės Tautos: Darnaus vystymosi tikslaiopens in new tab
Europos Komisija: Alternatyvūs pažangos rodikliai už BVP ribų opens in new tab
Eurostatas: Gyvenimo kokybės rodikliaiopens in new tab ir subjektyvi gerovė – statistikaopens in new tab
EBPO: EBPO subjektyvios gerovės vertinimo gairėsopens in new tab
Tai – svarbiausių rezultatų šia tema atranka.
21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
27 January 2020
What makes capital cities the best places to live?
Quality of life data show that in most countries, the capital city has advantages compared to the regions outside the capital. In light of the continued growth of capital city populations and the concentration of resources within them, this policy brief explores the source of the advantages of capital cities in quality of life. Are these advantages mostly related to specific demographics that these cities nurture and attract? Or do these advantages stem from opportunities that major cities provide due to their scale and economic growth?
The policy brief aims to clarify why policy should focus on both the economy and society when it comes to advancing economic, social and territorial cohesion.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
12 November 2018
Social cohesion and well-being in Europe
This report provides an analysis of European societies in terms of social cohesion – in particular, social tensions, perceived social exclusion and community engagement are explored as key dimensions. It analyses the links between societal characteristics (quality of society) and well-being of different social groups. The analysis looks at how perceived levels of societal tensions have changed in European societies over time (2003–2016). It also examines which dimensions of social cohesion are most important for individual well-being. The report is based on data from Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey 2016, the fourth survey since 2003.
„Eurofound“ mokslininkai teikia ekspertines įžvalgas ir su jais galima susisiekti dėl klausimų ar žiniasklaidos užklausų.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor yra EUROFOUND Socialinės politikos skyriaus vyresnysis tyrimų vadovas. Ji turi patirties apklausų metodikos ir statistinės analizės srityje, dirbo rengiant ir valdant Europos gyvenimo kokybės tyrimą ir neseniai Gyvenimo, darbo ir COVID-19 e. apklausą ir yra atsakinga už duomenų rinkinių kokybę. Jos tyrimų sritys yra jaunimo gerovė ir gyvenimo kokybė namų ūkiuose ir šeimose, įskaitant subjektyvią gerovę, darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą bei gyvenimo sąlygas. Anksčiau ji dirbo ekonomikos konsultante Škotijoje, daugiausia dėmesio skirdama ekonominio poveikio vertinimams, vertinimams ir sąnaudų ir produkcijos analizei. Ji yra įgijusi ekonomikos ir tarptautinių santykių magistro laipsnį Budapešto Corvinus universitete.
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