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Sociālo partneru attiecības

Darba tiesisko attiecību pārvaldībā svarīga nozīme ir gan arodbiedrībām un darba devēju organizācijām, gan publiskajām iestādēm. Tās ir savstarpēji saistītas vienas sistēmas daļas, kura darbojas Eiropas, valstu, nozaru, reģionālā un uzņēmumu līmenī. Pēdējos gados, tehnoloģijām un darba veidiem attīstoties pastāvīgi mainīgos ekonomikas apstākļos, sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmas ir saskārušās ar būtiskām problēmām.

Šajā kontekstā Eiropas Komisija 2015. gadā nāca klajā ar jaunu sākumu Eiropas sociālajam dialogam. Komisija, Eiropas Savienības Padome un sociālie partneri 2016. gada jūnijā parakstīja kopīgu paziņojumu, kurā uzsvērts, ka sociālajam dialogam kā svarīgai sastāvdaļai ir liela nozīme ES nodarbinātības un sociālās politikas veidošanā.

Topic

Recent updates

EU context

Eurofound darbs

Eurofound 40 gados ir kļuvis par svarīgu kompetences centru, kas nodrošina sociālo partneru attiecību tendenču uzraudzību un analīzi. Tas ietver saiknes starp Eiropas un valstu līmeņa sociālo dialogu. Pamatojoties uz sava Eiropas korespondentu tīkla dalībnieku 28 ES dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā zināšanām, Eurofound ir apkopojis norises visās dalībvalstīs un ES kopumā. 

Svarīgākais ieguldījums

Eurofound ir sagatavojis daudzas salīdzinošas analīzes, rakstus un gadījumu izpētes ES 28 valstīs un Norvēģijā sociālo partneru attiecību jomā un regulāri atjauninājis datubāzes par saistītiem tematiem.

Nesen veiktā pētījumā ir kartētas un apspriestas galvenās dimensijas un rādītāji, kas attiecas uz sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmām Eiropā 21. gadsimtā. Citā pētniecības virzienā ir aplūkots, kā sociālie partneri ES un Norvēģijā ir pētījuši jaunus tematus, rīkus un inovatīvas pieejas, lai reaģētu uz daudzajiem jaunajiem politiskajiem, juridiskajiem un sociālajiem izaicinājumiem, kas radušies pēdējos gados.

Darba samaksa un darba laiks joprojām ir jomas, kas izraisa lielu interesi un katru gadu tiek pārskatītas. Nesen atjauninātajā pētījumā par darba samaksu viena sadaļa ir veltīta ar likumu noteiktās minimālās darba algas līmenim ES, bet citā sadaļā galvenā uzmanība ir pievērsta darba samaksas noteikšanas sarunām.

Kopš 2006. gada Eurofound Eiropas Komisijas uzdevumā veic pētījumus par Eiropas nozaru sociālo partneru organizāciju reprezentativitāti.

Resursi

Ziņojumi par norisēm darba dzīvē

Eurofound nodrošina sistemātiskus un salīdzināmus datus par valstu sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmām un norisēm darba dzīvē, izmantojot uzraudzības un ziņošanas rīkus un sava Eiropas korespondentu tīkla 28 dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā ieguldījumu.

 

Key outputs

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Darba laiks 2021.–2022. gadā

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 Oktobris 2023
Publication
Research report
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Minimālās algas 2023. gadā: Gada pārskats

2023. gada pārskats par minimālajām algām tika sagatavots bezprecedenta inflācijas kontekstā visā Eiropā. Lai gan tas daudzās valstīs izraisīja ievērojamu nominālo algu līmeņu pieaugumu, daudzos gadījumos ar to nepietika, lai...

29 Jūnijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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Sociālo partneru attiecības: norises 2015.–2019. gadā

Pildot savu pienākumu veicināt dialogu starp darba devējiem un darba ņēmējiem, Eurofound ir uzraudzījis un analizējis norises sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmās ES līmenī un ES dalībvalstīs vairāk nekā 40 gadu...

11 Decembris 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu

    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (516)

    Developments in collectively agreed pay 2016

    This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

    25 July 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Agreements
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations
    Employment and labour markets
    Pay and income
    Working conditions
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Pay inequalities experienced by posted workers: Challenges to the ‘equal treatment’ principle

    This EurWORK topical update summarises the views of European and national-level stakeholders on recent debates on implementing the principle of ‘equal pay’ for posted workers. Directive 96/71/EC foresees that posted workers must be granted the minimum standards of employment conditions applicable in

    18 July 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Fraudulent work
    Gender equality
    Industrial relations
    Inequality
    Pay and income
    Posted workers
    Social partners
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Railways and urban public transport

    This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in railways and urban public transport. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

    03 April 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social partners
    Social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Involvement of the social partners in the European Semester: 2016 update

    This report provides an update on the role of national social partners in the European Semester process over the period 2015–2016, describing the main developments and changes compared with a previous Eurofound study on their involvement during the period 2011–2014.

    24 February 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Social partners
    Social dialogue
    Social policies
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Postal and courier activities sector

    This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the postal and courier activities sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

    20 February 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social partners
    Social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Statutory minimum wages in the EU 2017

    In 22 out of 28 EU Member States, a generally applicable statutory minimum wage exists; the level of this minimum wage varies greatly from one country to another. This article provides information on statutory minimum wage levels, how the minimum wage has been determined for 2017 and minimum wage

    09 February 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Pay and income
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations
    Minimum wage
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Addressing digital and technological change through social dialogue

    Evidence from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain reveals that social partners are closely involved in setting up national strategies to manage digital change in the world of work. Up to now, this has been a high-level affair and there are only a few collective agreements or

    30 January 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Digitalisation
    Industrial relations
    Innovation
    Social dialogue
    Anticipating and managing the impact of change
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Shipbuilding sector

    This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the shipbuilding sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected

    27 January 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social partners
    Social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Sugar manufacturing sector

    This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the sugar manufacturing sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in

    18 January 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social partners
    Social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    National capacity-building initiatives for social partners: Experiences in five EU Member States

    This article examines national-level initiatives aimed at strengthening social dialogue among social partners in five Member States: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Latvia and Lithuania. It summarises the content of the programmes, reviews the outcomes of the evaluations and offers a view of

    16 January 2017
    Publication
    Research report
    Industrial relations
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Online resources results (1688)

    Participation and collective bargaining in Italian enterprises

    During the 1990s, the tendencies within Italian enterprises towards a greater participation of workers and their representatives have become more pronounced. This has applied to direct, economic/financial and institutional participation, and here we review recent developments, focusing on the second

    27 Aprīlis 1997
    Article
    Participation at work
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Labour cost reductions pose new challenges to industrial relations in banking

    Over the past few months, the Governor of the Bank of Italy, Antonio Fazio, and the Abi banking employers' association have urged the Government to start negotiations with employers' associations and trade unions in order to deal with the problems linked to the low profitability of the Italian

    27 Aprīlis 1997
    Article
    Collective bargaining
    Restructuring
    Labour market policies
    Work organisation
    Working conditions
    Industrial relations
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Recent trends in health and safety at work

    Health and safety at work has arisen as a very serious matter of social concern over recent years and has become a focus of interest for both the state and the social institutions concerned. The magnitude and complexity of the problem and the need to find direct and effective solutions have induced

    27 Marts 1997
    Article
    Health and well-being at work
    Social partners
    Labour law
    Industrial relations
    Labour and social regulation
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    The 1997 bargaining round previewed

    The majority of Norwegian wage agreements are of two years' duration, and the current settlements will expire during 1998. However, issues relating to remuneration will be renegotiated at central level in 1997. Most of the agreements between LO (the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions or

    27 Februāris 1997
    Article
    Pay and income
    Collective bargaining
    Social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Apparent breakdown of Belgian central bargaining

    For the first time since 1960, the Belgian social partners have failed to reach an intersectoral pay agreement and have instead accepted government imposition of measures on employment and maximum pay increases. This development runs counter to all traditions of free collective bargaining and the

    27 Februāris 1997
    Article
    Collective bargaining
    Social dialogue
    Pay and income
    Labour market policies
    Working time
    Employment and labour markets
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    Employers and unions adopt positions on labour market reform

    Employers and unions want to reduce the amount of temporary recruitment and the number of types of employment contract. They also want to increase their freedom to negotiate labour market issues through collective bargaining. These are the key issues in the current debate over a new round of labour

    27 Februāris 1997
    Article
    Labour market policies
    Collective bargaining
    Social dialogue
    Non-standard employment
    Restructuring
    Employment relationship
    Working conditions
    Employment and labour markets
    Industrial relations
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    European social partners issue joint declaration on Confidence Pact for Employment

    At a special Social Dialogue Committee meeting held on 29 November 1996, the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), the Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe (UNICE), and the European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation (CEEP) adopted a joint contribution to the

    27 Februāris 1997
    Article
    Social partners
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue

    The future of the social dialogue at Community level

    On 18 September 1996, the European Commission adopted a /Communication Concerning the Development of the Social Dialogue Process at Community Level/ (COM(96) 448 final). Launching the Communication, the commissioner responsible for social affairs, Padraig Flynn, said that the time had come to reform

    27 Februāris 1997
    Article
    Social dialogue
    Collective bargaining
    Agreements
    Social partners
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Blogs results (18)
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    How to ensure adequate minimum wages in an age of inflation

    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

    15 Jūnijs 2022
    Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
    Blog
    Pay and income
    Minimum wage
    Agreements
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    image_blog_collective_bargaining_28102020.png

    New impetus to collective bargaining: Insights from the ECS

    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

    28 Oktobris 2020
    Christine Aumayr-Pintar
    Blog
    Social dialogue
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations
    Minimum wage
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    image_blog_minimum_wages_10032020.png

    What Europe can learn from living-wage campaigns

    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 Aprīlis 2020
    John Hurley
    Blog
    COVID-19
    Working poor
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations
    Minimum wage
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
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    Fears and hopes around future minimum wages

    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 Janvāris 2020
    Christine Aumayr-Pintar
    Blog
    Pay and income
    Industrial relations
    Minimum wage
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    image_blog_unions_20112019.png

    Restructuring: Do unions still matter?

    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

    20 Novembris 2019
    Sara Riso
    Blog
    Restructuring
    Working conditions
    Employee representation
    Industrial relations
    Employment and labour markets
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    image_blog_100_years_12112019.png

    100 years of 8-hour working days

    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 Novembris 2019
    Nils Brandsma
    Blog
    Working time
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    image_blog_joint_cross_border_inspections_17072019.png

    Member States still getting to grips with the single labour market

    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

    17 Jūlijs 2019
    Helen Burke
    Blog
    Posted workers
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Working conditions
    Undeclared work
    Fraudulent work
    Labour and social regulation
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations
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    What now for Europe?

    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

    30 Maijs 2019
    Juan Menéndez-Valdés
    Blog
    Living conditions and quality of life
    Working conditions and sustainable work
    Industrial relations
    Employment and labour markets
    Promoting social cohesion and convergence
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
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    Seniority entitlements: A policy of the past, or a fix for the future?

    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across

    17 Aprīlis 2019
    Christine Aumayr-Pintar
    Blog
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations
    Labour law
    Pay and income
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    image1_what_about_men_blog_27042018.jpg

    What about men?

    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Maijs 2018
    Karel Fric
    Blog
    Discrimination at work
    Gender equality
    Industrial relations
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Upcoming publications results (9)

    National social dialogue addressing the twin transition

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Digitalisation
    European Green Deal
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations
    Social dialogue
    Social partners

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Extractive industries sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Construction sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Chemical sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Road transport sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Postal and courier activities sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Graphical sector

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    November 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Representativeness
    Social dialogue
    Social partners
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Developments in working life 2023

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

    June 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Other
    Social partners
    Working conditions
    Collective bargaining
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

    Minimum wages in 2024: Annual review

    The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

    June 2024
    Forthcoming
    Publication
    Research report
    Minimum wage
    Pay and income
    Industrial relations and social dialogue
    Industrial relations

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