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Kura
Il-kura tista' tiġi definita bħala l-provvista ta' dak li hu meħtieġ għas-saħħa, il-benesseri, il-manutenzjoni u l-protezzjoni ta' xi ħadd jew xi ħaġa. Tinkludi edukazzjoni u kura bikrija tat-tfal, kura fit-tul ta' persuni anzjani jew dawk b'diżabilità u kura tas-saħħa. Biex tifhem l-implikazzjonijiet tal-kura, huwa ta' valur li wieħed jiddistingwi bejn dawk li jirċievu l-kura u dawk b'responsabbiltajiet ta' kura (carers). Huwa importanti wkoll li wieħed jiddistingwi bejn kura bħala xogħol imħallas jew mhux imħallas u kura informali pprovduta mill-familja u ħbieb. Il-provvista ta' servizzi ta' kura hija komponent ewlieni tal-protezzjoni soċjali, ittejjeb il-kwalità tal-ħajja u l-aċċess għall-edukazzjoni u l-impjieg għall-bliet tal-UE.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Il-pont tal-vojt: Inugwaljanzi fl-aċċess għall-edukazzjoni u l-kura tat-tfal bikrija
Filwaqt li l-edukazzjoni u l-kura bikrija tat-tfal (ECEC) kienu fil-qalba ta' numru ta' inizjattivi riċenti tal-UE, hemm riskju li xi tfal jitħallew wara. Dan l-artiklu jħares lejn ir-rati ta' parteċipazzjoni fl-ECEC u jfittex kif it-tfal f'riskju ta' faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali jistgħu jaċċessaw din il-parti importanti tas-sistema edukattiva.Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Evalwazzjoni tal-progress fil-provvista ta' servizzi għat-tfal madwar l-Unjoni Ewropea
Dan ir-rapport jipprovdi ħarsa ġenerali lejn l-iżviluppi riċenti tal-politika tal-UE dwar il-faqar tat-tfal, il-piż żejjed tal-ispejjeż tal-akkomodazzjoni, u t-tluq bikri mill-iskola. Jesamina wkoll miżuri biex itejjeb l-aċċess għas-saħħa u għall-edukazzjoni u l-kura bikrija tat-tfal. Ir-rapport jenfasizza eżempji ta' approċċi ta' suċċess u oqsma li jeħtieġu titjib, u jipprovdi analiżi aktar profonda ta' Stati Membri magħżula biex jiġu identifikati fatturi li qed jiffurmaw l-implimentazzjoni tal-politika.Ir-riċerka ta' Eurofound tiffoka fuq firxa ta' suġġetti relatati mal-kura. Dawn jinkludu xogħol u kura, inizjattivi biex jappoġġjaw lill-kustodji informali involuti f'xogħol imħallas kif ukoll lil dawk li m'humiex, il-ħtieġa dejjem tikber għal kura fit-tul, edukazzjoni u kura bikrija tat-tfal (ECEC), u aċċess għas-servizzi pubbliċi.
Aċċess aħjar għal edukazzjoni u kura bikrija ta' kwalità u affordabbli (ECEC) u kura għall-anzjani jista' jgħin biex jiffaċilita l-għanijiet tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea biex iżid l-impjieg, partikolarment il-parteċipazzjoni tan-nisa u l-ħaddiema anzjani fis-suq tax-xogħol. Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali jagħti fokus qawwi fuq il-kura, l-ewwel dwar id-dritt għal opportunitajiet ugwali u aċċess għas-suq tax-xogħol. Dan jiffoka fuq id-dritt tal-ġenituri u dawk b'responsabbiltajiet ta' kura għal bilanċ aħjar bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja, b'leave u arranġamenti flessibbli tax-xogħol, kif ukoll aċċess għas-servizzi ta' kura. Fil-qasam tal-protezzjoni soċjali u inklużjoni, jħares lejn id-dritt tat-tfal għal edukazzjoni bikrija affordabbli u provvista ta' kura ta' kwalità tajba. Jenfasizza wkoll id-dritt ta' kulħadd għal servizzi ta' kura fit-tul u ta' kwalità tajba, speċjalment kura fid-dar u servizzi komunitarji.
Il-Garanzija Ewropea tat-Tfal, adottata f'Ġunju 2021, għandha l-għan li tiżgura li kull tifel u tifla fl-Ewropa f'riskju ta' faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali jkollu aċċess għall-aktar drittijiet bażiċi bħal kura tas-saħħa u l-edukazzjoni. Ir-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar sistemi ta' edukazzjoni u kura ta' tfal bikrija ta' kwalità għolja, adottata f'Mejju 2019, għandha l-għan li tappoġġja lill-Istati Membri biex itejbu l-aċċess u l-kwalità tas-servizzi tagħhom. Eurofound tipparteċipa f'Grupp ta' Ħidma tematiċi bħala parti minn din l-inizjattiva. Adottata f'Ġunju 2019, id-Direttiva l-ġdida dwar l-bilanċ bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja għall-ġenituri u l-kura tagħha, għandha l-għan li żżid il-parteċipazzjoni tan-nisa fis-suq tax-xogħol u l-adozzjoni ta' vaganzi relatati mal-familja u arranġamenti ta' xogħol flessibbli.
Fit-7 ta' Settembru 2022, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea ppreżentat Strateġija Ewropea ġdida għall-Kura bħala parti mill-Programm tax-Xogħol tagħha 2022 biex tiżgura 'servizzi ta' kura ta' kwalità, affordabbli u aċċessibbli' madwar l-UE.
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjaliopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Garanzija Ewropea tat-Tfalopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar sistemi ta' edukazzjoni u kura bikrija ta' kwalitàopens in new tab għolja
Kunsill tal-UE: Bilanċ aħjar bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja għall-ġenituri u l-kustodji fl-UE: Il-Kunsill jadotta regoli ġoddaopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Strateġija Ewropea ta' Kura għall-kustodji u dawk li jirċievu l-kuraopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
25 October 2024
Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe
Increasing emphasis on independent living and social inclusion is driving deinstitutionalisation – the shift away from a reliance on residential institutions towards family- and community-based settings for the provision of care and services. The aim is to ensure that people at risk of marginalisation have opportunities to participate fully in society and to exercise their personal rights and freedoms. An institutional culture that gives rise to social isolation and loss of autonomy can be present in any care setting, but it is commonplace in long-stay residential institutions such as children’s homes and nursing homes. Although deinstitutionalisation strategies have been adopted across the EU, shortcomings are apparent. This report presents evidence on changes in the extent of institutional living in the EU over time, as well as information on national deinstitutionalisation strategies and practices. It includes two person-centred case studies that illustrate the benefits of deinstitutionalisation and greater social inclusion and the challenges encountered in efforts towards these goals.
European Child Guarantee monitor
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
30 September 2021
COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU?
The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and healthcare outcomes, as well as health expenditures and delivery, prior to the pandemic. It also examines convergence patterns in infections and deaths from COVID-19 and in the mitigating measures adopted by the EU and national governments.
The findings indicate that, from 2008 to 2019, the health of EU citizens improved overall, and Member States converged in health outcomes, but disparities in government expenditures and delivery of health services continued to widen. Against this background, the COVID-19 pandemic caused further divergence, with death and infection tolls varying greatly across countries. The policy brief stresses that a European Health Union would ideally not only reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU but also ultimately enable convergence in health and healthcare indicators across its Member States.
28 January 2021
Education, healthcare and housing: How access changed for children and families in 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the accessibility of health, education and care services for all Europeans. This is also the case for children, who in several countries have seen their schools closed and replaced with remote learning. They have been affected, too, by the pandemic’s negative impact on their families’ access to healthcare and their mental health. Many families have also experienced rising housing insecurity. The Child Guarantee aims to ensure access to these resources for children in need.
Over 2020, Eurofound gathered wide-ranging data on Europeans’ lives during the pandemic. Based on this data, this policy brief documents changes in the accessibility of education, healthcare and housing in the EU27 between 2018–2019 and the summer of 2020, so that these developments can be taken into account when designing policy responses and mitigating measures.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Daniel Molinuevo
Senior research managerDaniel Molinuevo huwa maniġer tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali, wara li ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010. Ir-riċerka tiegħu dwar is-saħħa u l-kura soċjali ffukat fuq il-kwalità u l-aċċessibilità tas-servizzi, it-trasformazzjoni diġitali tagħhom u l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-persunal. Ix-xogħol tiegħu ffoka prinċipalment fuq is-servizzi għat-tfal, kemm fil-Eurofound kif ukoll fil-UNICEF, fejn ħadem fl-2021 biex jappoġġa l-implimentazzjoni tal-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfal. Huwa studja s-soċjoloġija f'Salamanca, Spanja u fl-Università Humboldt f'Berlin. Huwa għandu MA fl-Istudji Politiċi u Amministrattivi Ewropej mill-Kulleġġ tal-Ewropa fi Bruges u MSc fil-Politika Soċjali Ewropea mill-London School of Economics, fejn ħadem ukoll bħala riċerkatur.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali f'Eurofound. It-temi tar-riċerka tiegħu jinkludu akkomodazzjoni, dejn żejda, kura tas-saħħa, kura fit-tul, benefiċċji soċjali, irtirar, u kwalità tal-ħajja fl-inħawi lokali. Qabel ma ngħaqad ma' Eurofound, kien Professur Assistenti fl-Università Kozminski (Varsavja). Temm PhD fl-Amministrazzjoni u l-Ġestjoni tan-Negozju fl-Università Bocconi (Milan), wara li ħadem bħala uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-Osservatorju Ewropew tas-Sistemi u l-Politiki tas-Saħħa (Madrid).
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali f'Eurofound. Ir-riċerka tagħha tiffoka fuq strutturi tad-dar, ħajja indipendenti, akkomodazzjoni, ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi u kura mhux imħallsa. Qabel ma ngħaqdet ma' Eurofound fl-2021, ħadmet bħala riċerkatriċi post-dottorali fl-Istitut Geary għall-Politika Pubblika tal-Università College Dublin, fl-Istitut ta' Riċerka Ekonomika u Soċjali f'Dublin, u fil-Royal College of Surgeons fl-Irlanda. Hija ħadmet f'ħafna oqsma ta' riċerka fil-mikroekonomija, inkluż dħul u ġid tal-pensjoni, tfaddil tal-pensjoni, trasferimenti interġenerazzjonali u l-impatt finanzjarju tal-vedovità. Sanna għandha PhD fl-Ekonomija mill-Kulleġġ Trinity Dublin.
Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali f'Eurofound, fejn taħdem fuq aspetti tal-European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), l-ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi, it-tranżizzjoni ħadra u l-ħajja diġitali tal-Ewropej, inkluż l-impatt tal-AI lil hinn mill-post tax-xogħol. Qabel ma ngħaqdet ma' Eurofound, serviet bħala analista tal-politika fil-Competence Centre for Behavioural Insights tal-Joint Research Centre tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea. Ħadmet bħala postdoc fl-Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Milan) u fl-Università ta' Trento. Hija ġġib ukoll esperjenza estensiva minn rwol preċedenti bħala uffiċjal ta' responsabbiltà soċjali korporattiva (CSR) fl-Afrika t'Isfel. Marianna għandha PhD fl-Ekonomija u l-Ġestjoni mill-Università ta' Trento, speċjalizzata fl-ekonomija tal-imġiba.
Claudia Peroni
Temporary research support officerClaudia Peroni taħdem bħala assistenta għall-għodod ta' monitoraġġ u operazzjonijiet tad-data fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali f'Eurofound, wara li qabel kienet taħdem bħala uffiċjal ta' appoġġ għar-riċerka fit-tim. Il-fokus tagħha huwa prinċipalment fuq l-akkomodazzjoni u s-settur tal-kura. Qabel ma ngħaqdet ma' Eurofound, ħadmet f'organizzazzjonijiet tas-soċjetà ċivili fl-Italja u Ċipru. Claudia għandha Master fir-Relazzjonijiet Internazzjonali mill-Università ta' Bologna u PhD fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Trinity College Dublin.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
