Xogħol sostenibbli
Xogħol sostenibbli jfisser il-kisba ta' kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u tax-xogħol li jappoġġjaw lin-nies biex jimpenjaw ruħhom u jibqgħu jaħdmu matul ħajja tax-xogħol estiża. Ix-xogħol għandu jiġi trasformat biex jiġu eliminati l-fatturi li jiskoraġġixxu jew ifixklu lill-ħaddiema milli jibqgħu jew jidħlu fil-forza tax-xogħol. Iżda għandhom jiġu kkunsidrati wkoll iċ-ċirkustanzi individwali. Id-disponibbiltà għax-xogħol tvarja u x'aktarx tinbidel matul il-ħajja. L-isfida hija li l-ħtiġijiet u l-kapaċitajiet tal-individwu jitqabblu mal-kwalità tal-impjiegi offruti.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Impjieg u kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-ħaddiema l-aktar vulnerabbli: Indirizzar ta' sfida politika kontinwa
Matul l-aħħar għoxrin sena, is-swieq tax-xogħol madwar l-UE raw żieda sinifikanti fl-impjiegi mhux standard. Filwaqt li dawn l-arranġamenti jistgħu joffru flessibilità u bilanċ aħjar bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja, il-vulnerabbiltà tidher meta dawn ikunu involontarji jew meta diversi karatteristiċi mhux standard jiltaqgħu. Dan ir-rapport janalizza l-prevalenza tal-vulnerabbiltà fl-impjieg madwar l-UE-27 bejn l-2009 u l-2021, billi janalizza l-konnessjonijiet tiegħu mal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol, ir-riżultati tas-saħħa u r-risposti tal-politika. Ir-riżultati juru li n-nisa, iż-żgħażagħ u l-migranti jiffaċċjaw l-ogħla riskju, b'dawk li jesperjenzaw diversi dimensjonijiet ta' vulnerabbiltà jirrapportaw prospetti ta' xogħol aktar ħżiena, opportunitajiet limitati ta' taħriġ, inqas awtonomija u rati ogħla ta' ansjetà u depressjoni. Ir-rapport jirrevedi wkoll miżuri ta' politika tal-UE u nazzjonali mmirati biex isaħħu ċ-ċertezza kuntrattwali u jappoġġjaw transizzjonijiet għal impjieg aktar sigur.Impjieg u kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-ħaddiema l-iktar vulnerabbli
Matul l-aħħar għoxrin sena, is-swieq tax-xogħol Ewropej għaddew minn trasformazzjoni sinifikanti, b'żieda sinifikanti f'forom mhux standard ta' impjieg bħal xogħol part-time u temporanju. F'dan l-episodju ta' Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey titkellem mal-espert ta' Eurofound Karel Fric biex tesplora l-impjieg u l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-ħaddiema l-iktar vulnerabbli.Il-ġurnata tax-xogħol li qatt ma tispiċċa fl-Ewropa tax-xogħol flessibbli
Wieħed minn kull ħamsa mill-ħaddiema madwar l-UE jirrapporta li ġie kkuntattjat għal raġunijiet relatati max-xogħol barra l-ħinijiet tax-xogħol diversi drabi fix-xahar. Dan l-artiklu jesplora l-konnessjonijiet bejn il-kuntatt wara l-ħinijiet u d-diġitalizzazzjoni dejjem tikber tax-xogħol.Biex ix-xogħol isir sostenibbli jirrikjedi:
In-natura multidimensjonali tal-kunċett ta' xogħol sostenibbli tfisser li jaqsam ma' ħafna oqsma ewlenin tal-ħidma tal-Eurofound. Il-Eurofound ħolqot qafas għall-fehim tal-kunċett ta' xogħol sostenibbli, li jintuża bħala punt ta' referenza għal firxa ta' proġetti ta' riċerka dwar dan is-suġġett.
Pubblikazzjoni: Xogħol sostenibbli matul il-ħajja: Dokument kunċettwali
It-tixjiħ demografiku huwa wieħed mill-forzi li jmexxu l-ambizzjoni li tiżdied il-parteċipazzjoni fil-forza tax-xogħol. Dan huwa rifless fil-mira ewlenija l-ġdida tal-UE għall-2030 dwar l-impjiegi proposta fil-Pjan ta' Azzjoni tal-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali (mill-inqas 78 % tal-popolazzjoni ta' bejn l-20 u l-64 sena). Bl-għadd ta' pensjonanti qed jiżdied u l-popolazzjoni li taħdem qed tonqos, is-sistemi ta' protezzjoni soċjali jistgħu jiġu mhedda. Biex is-sistemi ta' appoġġ soċjali jibqgħu vijabbli hekk kif il-popolazzjoni tal-Ewropa tixjieħ, aktar nies iridu jaħdmu u jibqgħu jaħdmu għal żmien itwal matul ħajjithom.
Dawn l-għanijiet se jintlaħqu biss jekk il-ħaddiema jkunu f'saħħa tajba, kwalifikati u impjegabbli, u motivati biex jibqgħu jaħdmu għal żmien itwal. Għandu jkun hemm appoġġ usa' għas-soċjetà biex in-nies ikunu jistgħu jaċċessaw ix-xogħol u jkollhom bilanċ tajjeb bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja privata. Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi u l-ambjent tax-xogħol huma komponenti ewlenin biex il-ħaddiema kollha jkunu jistgħu jibqgħu aktar fit-tul fis-suq tax-xogħol. Iżda l-interazzjoni bejn dawn il-komponenti u ċ-ċirkostanzi individwali, bħas-saħħa u l-motivazzjoni biex ikomplu jaħdmu, hija wkoll fattur ewlieni u jeħtieġ li tinftiehem aħjar.
Fil-livell tal-UE, it-tħassib dwar is-sostenibbiltà tal-pensjonijiet, it-tkabbir ekonomiku u l-provvista tax-xogħol wassal għal reazzjonijiet ta' politika biex jappoġġjaw l-għanijiet ta' ħajja tax-xogħol itwal u rtirar aktar tard. L-ispinta ewlenija tal-politika tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea dwar it-tixjiħ attiv hija li tgħin lin-nies jibqgħu responsabbli minn ħajjithom stess kemm jista' jkun hekk kif jixjieħu u, fejn possibbli, jikkontribwixxu għall-ekonomija u għas-soċjetà.
Il-Patt Ekoloġiku Ewropew huwa l-Istrateġija Ewropea l-ġdida għat-Tkabbir Sostenibbli li għandha l-għan li tippermetti liċ-ċittadini Ewropej jibbenefikaw minn tranżizzjoni ekoloġika sostenibbli. Dan ifisser investiment fir-riċerka u l-innovazzjoni u t-titjib tal-benesseri tan-nies permezz ta' triq li hija ġusta u soċjalment ġusta, li ma tħalli l-ebda individwu jew reġjun lura.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pjan ta' Azzjoni għall-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjaliopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Is-Sħubija Ewropea għall-Innovazzjoni dwar it-Tixjiħ Attiv u b'Saħħtu (EIP dwar l-AHA)opens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
17 April 2019
Seniority-based entitlements: Extent, policy debates and research
Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and mapping related policy debates. It is primarily based on contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, covering the 28 EU Member States and Norway, but also presents aggregate seniority-earnings curves for the EU based on data from the Structure of Earnings Survey. The aim of the report is to take stock of the currently existing different types of SBEs in the private and public sectors. It concludes that despite an obvious trend to remove them from regulations or reform them, a substantial amount of such entitlements is here to stay. Paradoxically, countries which have regulations on seniority pay in place tend to have flatter aggregate seniority-earnings curves than countries without such regulations.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
18 September 2017
Working time patterns for sustainable work
Working time is a recurrent topic of study because the nature of work, its content, the conditions under which it is performed and the labour market itself keep changing. This report provides an overview of the recent evolution of working time duration and organisation in the EU and highlights the most important trends and differences between Member States. Through an in-depth analysis of data from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015, it examines – from a gender and life course perspective – the links between working time patterns, work–life balance and working time preferences, on the one hand, and workers’ health and well-being on the other. Finally, the report explores the extent to which prevailing working conditions and working time patterns in EU Member States are sustainable in the long term.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
9 September 2016
Extending working lives through flexible retirement schemes: Partial retirement
Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age. Reduction of working time is one approach to enabling people to work longer than would have been feasible if they continued working full time. But a barrier to reduction of hours is the loss of income. Partial retirement schemes address this barrier by substituting part of the income loss with a partial pension or benefits. This report investigates how partial retirement schemes can contribute to sustainable and adequate pension systems by enabling and motivating people to extend their working lives. It maps schemes at the national and sector levels in the EU and Norway, examines their characteristics and assesses their impact on the extension of working lives. An executive summary is available - see Related content.
27 July 2016
Sustainable work throughout the life course: National policies and strategies
European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour market and to continue to do so until an older age has become a key policy issue in all EU Member States. These challenges might be met by adopting an approach to work that puts sustainability at its centre. Sustainable work means that ‘living and working conditions are such that they support people in engaging and remaining in work throughout an extended working life’. This study analyses national policies that help to achieve sustainable work in 10 EU Member States. It looks at how these policies are being implemented, whether they are integrated into a coherent framework, and whether they are complementary or contradictory.
19 June 2015
Sustainable work over the life course: Concept paper
Ageing of the population is likely to threaten the ability of states to finance welfare states and social protection systems in the future. A viable solution is to increase employment rates and to lengthen working life. To achieve this dual goal requires devising new solutions for working conditions and career paths that help workers to retain their physical and mental health, motivation and productivity over an extended working life. In other words, work must be made sustainable over the life course. Identifying and analysing the factors and actions underpinning sustainable work throughout working life is a research priority for Eurofound in the 2013–2016 programming period. This paper sets out to clarify and illuminate Eurofound’s framework for understanding the rather expansive concept of sustainable work. It can be used as a reference point for a range of Eurofound research projects that examine different aspects of sustainable work.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Barbara Gerstenberger
Head of UnitBarbara Gerstenberger hija l-Kap tal-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol fil-Eurofound. F'dan ir-rwol, hija tikkoordina t-timijiet ta' riċerka li jinvestigaw il-kwalità tal-impjiegi fl-Ewropa abbażi tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol u għandha r-responsabbiltà ġenerali għall-Osservatorju Ewropew tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol u r-riċerka dwar ir-relazzjonijiet industrijali fl-UE. Hija ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2001 bħala maniġer tar-riċerka fiċ-Ċentru Ewropew għall-Monitoraġġ tal-Bidla (EMCC) li dak iż-żmien kien għadu kif ġie stabbilit. Fl-2007, hija marret fl-unità tal-Informazzjoni u l-Komunikazzjoni tal-Eurofound bħala Kap tal-Prodotti tal-Komunikazzjoni, qabel ma nħatret Koordinatur fid-Direttorat fl-2011. Preċedentement, hija ħadmet bħala uffiċjal anzjan tar-riċerka fil-Federazzjoni Ewropea tal-Ħaddiema tal-Metall fi Brussell. A graduate in political science from Hamburg University, she completed a Master's degree in Public Administration at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe huwa maniġer tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol fil-Eurofound. Huwa involut fi proġetti dwar ix-xogħol sostenibbli, l-analiżi kwantitattiva u l-konverġenza 'l fuq fl-UE, kif ukoll fit-tħejjija tar-raba' Stħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kumpaniji. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2016, kien Kap tal-Unità 'Analiżi' fl-Istatistika tal-Awstrija fi Vjenna u mexxej tal-proġett ta' "Kif inhi l-Awstrija? Il-kejl tal-ġid u l-progress lil hinn mill-PDG". Huwa għandu PhD fl-Ekonomija mill-Università tal-Ekonomija ta' Vjenna (WU), fejn ħadem ukoll bħala riċerkatur assoċjat mill-2005 sal-2009 u lettur sal-2016.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
