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Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi
Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi tikkumplimenta l-kejl tal-kwantità tal-impjiegi biex tipprovdi valutazzjoni tal-istrateġija tal-impjiegi. Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi hija kunċett multidimensjonali fejn aġenda u dixxiplini ta' politika differenti jenfasizzaw dimensjonijiet differenti. Fil-biċċa l-kbira tar-riċerka tal-Eurofound, il-kwalità tal-impjiegi titkejjel fil-livell tal-impjieg. Jinkludi karatteristiċi tax-xogħol maqbuda minn perspettiva oġġettiva, li jistgħu jiġu osservati u huma relatati mal-issodisfar tal-ħtiġijiet tan-nies mix-xogħol. Hija magħmula mill-karatteristiċi kollha tax-xogħol u l-impjieg li ġew ippruvati li għandhom relazzjoni kawżali mas-saħħa u l-benesseri. Karatteristiċi pożittivi u negattivi tal-impjiegi huma inklużi. Dawn l-indikaturi jirriflettu r-riżorsi tax-xogħol (aspetti fiżiċi, psikoloġiċi, soċjali jew organizzattivi) u d-domandi tax-xogħol, jew il-proċessi li jinfluwenzawhom.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Ġestjoni algoritmika fil-postijiet tax-xogħol Ewropej - Storja diġitali
Din l-istorja diġitali tippreżenta riżultati ewlenin dwar l-adozzjoni tal-ġestjoni algoritmika fil-postijiet tax-xogħol Ewropej u r-relazzjoni tagħha mal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u l-benesseri tal-impjegati.Ġestjoni algoritmika fil-postijiet tax-xogħol Ewropej
Numru dejjem jikber ta' impjegati huma suġġetti għal ġestjoni algoritmika – l-użu ta' programmi tal-kompjuter biex jissorveljaw il-prestazzjoni, jallokaw kompiti u jippjanaw ix-xogħol. Kif qed jibdel dan ix-xogħol u jaffettwa l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u l-benesseri tal-impjegati?Stat tal-konverġenza 2026 - Kwalità tax-xogħol fl-UE
Hekk kif il-kwalità tax-xogħol qed tiġi pprioritizzata dejjem aktar fil-livell tal-UE, dan il-brief tal-politika jappoġġja l-proċessi kontinwi ta' żvilupp tal-politika billi juri jekk il-kwalità tax-xogħol fl-Istati Membri qed titjieb, u kemm l-istandards tax-xogħol qed jikkonverġu jew jiddifferixxu. Janalizza indikaturi ewlenin dwar ġustizzja, saħħa u sigurtà, bilanċ bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja, ħiliet għat-tranżizzjoni diġitali, u r-rwol tad-djalogu soċjali u n-negozjar kollettiv.Il-Eurofound għandha l-għan li tikkonsolida l-pożizzjoni tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol (EWCS) tagħha bħala għodda importanti għall-valutazzjoni komparattiva tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi fl-Unjoni Ewropea u lil hinn minnha, li tikkontribwixxi għall-iżvilupp tal-politika fil-qasam tal-kwalità tax-xogħol. Id-dejta ntużat biex titwettaq aktar riċerka dwar diversi suġġetti marbuta mal-kwalità tal-impjiegi, inkluża l-kwalità tal-impjiegi f'sitwazzjonijiet differenti tax-xogħol, il-kwalità tal-impjiegi ta' gruppi differenti fis-suq tax-xogħol, l-impatt tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi fuq il-kwalità tal-ħajja tax-xogħol u analiżi fil-fond tad-dimensjonijiet individwali tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi. L-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kumpaniji (ECS) iħares ukoll lejn dimensjonijiet differenti tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi għall-ħaddiema u għal min iħaddem. Riċerka reċenti ħarset ukoll lejn il-kwalità tal-impjiegi f'perspettiva globali.
Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi u t-titjib tagħha huma tħassib politiku importanti, peress li l-impjiegi ta' kwalità huma kruċjali għal parteċipazzjoni ogħla fil-forza tax-xogħol, benesseri ogħla u prestazzjoni ekonomika miżjuda. Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi hija wkoll komponent ewlieni biex ix-xogħol isir sostenibbli u biex il-ħaddiema jkunu jistgħu jibqgħu motivati biex jibqgħu jaħdmu għal żmien itwal. Huwa ċentrali għall-Aġenda tax-Xogħol Deċenti tal-ILO, l-istrateġija tal-OECD dwar l-impjiegi u għall-politiki tal-Unjoni Ewropea dwar il-kwalità tax-xogħol biex jinħolqu aktar impjiegi u impjiegi aħjar. Għall-ħaddiema, għall-intrapriżi u l-organizzazzjonijiet li jimpjegawhom u għas-soċjetajiet, hemm benefiċċji assoċjati ma' impjiegi ta' kwalità għolja, u spejjeż assoċjati ma' impjiegi ta' kwalità baxxa.
Fl-2025, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea qed tippjana li tressaq Pjan Direzzjonali għall-Impjiegi ta' Kwalità b'kollaborazzjoni mas-sħab soċjali, bil-għan li "tappoġġa pagi ġusti, kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tajbin, taħriġ u tranżizzjonijiet ġusti tal-impjiegi għall-ħaddiema u l-persuni li jaħdmu għal rashom. Din l-inizjattiva tappoġġja l-isforz biex tissaħħaħ il-kompetittività tal-UE kif deskritt fil-Boxxla tal-Kompetittività u biex jinħolqu impjiegi ta' kwalità.
Il-prijorità tal-Kummissjoni: L-appoġġ lin-nies, it-tisħiħ tas-soċjetajiet tagħna u l-mudell soċjali tagħnaopens in new tab
L-Organizzazzjoni Internazzjonali tax-Xogħol (ILO): Xogħol deċentiopens in new tab
L-Organizzazzjoni għall-Kooperazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp Ekonomiċi (OECD): Strateġija tal-OECD dwar l-Impjiegiopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Strateġija Ewropea dwar l-impjiegiopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
3 September 2025
Xejriet fil-kwalità tal-impjiegi: l-ewwel sejbiet tal-EWCS 2024
30 June 2024
Job quality side of climate change
Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with increased exposure to hazards, leading to lower standards of job quality, productivity loss and greater job and work insecurity. Nearly half of workers in the EU will experience profound changes in their job tasks as economies adapt to climate change and climate mitigation strategies are implemented. In addition, work is likely to change as a result of company responses to climate change. These changes in work, while increasing the vulnerability of some workers, offer opportunities to improve some dimensions of job quality. This report outlines the complex relationship between job quality and climate change, including the implication of green tasks in selected sectors.
30 January 2024
Self-employment in the EU: Job quality and developments in social protection
Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of many self-employed workers. Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey, this report examines the working conditions of different groups of self-employed people. It analyses measures taken at EU Member State level to better protect self-employed individuals against the risks of unemployment, workplace accidents and sickness, and presents lessons learned from measures implemented during the pandemic.
9 October 2023
Job quality of COVID-19 pandemic essential workers
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment. These were the COVID-19 pandemic essential, or critical, workers, many of whom risked their physical and mental health by continuing to go to work during the pandemic.
This policy brief investigates the job quality of these critical workers, making use of unique sources of information, including data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021, data gathered by correspondents from across the Member States and interviews with EU-level social partner representatives from selected sectors. It examines the experiences of work among critical workers during the pandemic, and highlights imminent challenges to the sustainability of their work. The aim is to discover whether these workers are equipped to support society through future shocks and crises.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
12 October 2020
European Company Survey 2019 - Workplace practices unlocking employee potential
This report is based on the fourth edition of the European Company Survey (ECS), which was carried out jointly by Eurofound and Cedefop in 2019. It describes a wide range of practices and strategies implemented by European companies in terms of work organisation, human resource management, skills use and skills development, and employee voice. The report shows how these practices are combined and how the resulting ‘bundles of practices’ are associated with two outcomes beneficial to employees and employers: workplace well-being and establishment performance.
The analysis finds that the establishments that are most likely to generate this win–win outcome are those that combine a high degree of worker autonomy, a balanced motivational strategy, a comprehensive training and learning strategy, and high levels of direct employee involvement in decision-making, as well as offering managerial support for these practices. To boost the adoption of employee-oriented practices – particularly in relation to autonomy, skills and employee involvement – managers should be offered appropriate support, as they play a key role in the decision to initiate workplace change. They are also crucial to its success, as they must continuously support the workplace practices implemented.
6 May 2019
Working conditions in a global perspective
Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International Labour Organization and Eurofound – provides a comparative analysis of job quality covering approximately 1.2 billion workers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It analyses seven dimensions of job quality: the physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, the social environment, skills and development, prospects, and earnings, finding both important differences and similarities between countries. By analysing positive and negative aspects of job quality in different countries and societies, the report provides a way to look beyond national explanations, to see how some groups of workers are affected more than others and understand the particular issues for women workers around the world – in support of evidence-based policymaking to improve job quality.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Jorge Cabrita
Senior research managerJorge Cabrita huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol, fejn jiddisinja, jikkoordina u jmexxi r-riċerka madwar l-Ewropa u jxandar ir-riżultati tagħha. L-oqsma ewlenin ta' esperjenza tiegħu jinkludu l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u l-kwalità tax-xogħol, iż-żmien tax-xogħol u l-bilanċ bejn ix-xogħol, is-saħħa u l-benesseri tax-xogħol, l-ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi, u l-impatti soċjoekonomiċi tat-tranżizzjoni ħadra. Bħalissa jmexxi riċerka dwar l-iżviluppi tal-ħin tax-xogħol u l-kwalità tax-xogħol f'reġjuni vulnerabbli għall-klima, u huwa ko-mexxej tal-implimentazzjoni tal-European Working Conditions Survey 2030. Qabel kien riċerkatur fiċ-Ċentru għall-Istudji dwar l-Intervent Soċjali u ċ-Ċentru tar-Riċerka dwar l-Ekonomija Portugiża, u ħadem bħala taħriġ u konsulent. Għandu BSc fl-Ekonomija u MSc fis-Sistemi Soċjo-Organizzattivi ta' Attività Ekonomika mill-Iskola tal-Ekonomija ta' Lisbona.
Agnès Parent-Thirion
Senior research managerAgnès Parent-Thirion hija maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità Working Life f'Eurofound, li tissorvelja l-ippjanar u l-iżvilupp tar-riċerka dwar il-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol. Hija għandha rwol ewlieni fl-European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), co-mexxejja t-tħejjija u l-iżvilupp tal-kwestjonarju għal EWCS 2030. L-interessi tar-riċerka tagħha jinkludu kwalità tax-xogħol, organizzazzjoni tax-xogħol, ġeneru, riskji psikosoċjali u l-impatt tat-tranżizzjonijiet aħdar u diġitali fuq il-ħajja tax-xogħol. B'aktar minn żewġ deċennji ta' esperjenza fuq stħarriġ komparattiv Ewropew, Agnès speċjalizza fl-iżvilupp ta' kwestionarji, kodifikazzjoni ta' okkupazzjonijiet, kontroll tal-kwalità u analiżi. Hija gradwata fl-ekonomija u l-ġestjoni mill-universitajiet Paris IX Dauphine u Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne u għandha Diploma Postgradwata fl-Istatistika minn Trinity College Dublin. Kompliet ukoll taħriġ speċjalizzat fuq il-mexxejja AI (MIT Sloan Executive Education) u l-isfidi ewlenin tat-tranżizzjoni (Campus de la Transition). Qabel ma ngħaqdet ma' Eurofound, ħadmet għal diversi snin fil-Kummissjoni Ewropea.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
