Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi
Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi tikkumplimenta l-kejl tal-kwantità tal-impjiegi biex tipprovdi valutazzjoni tal-istrateġija tal-impjiegi. Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi hija kunċett multidimensjonali fejn aġenda u dixxiplini ta' politika differenti jenfasizzaw dimensjonijiet differenti. Fil-biċċa l-kbira tar-riċerka tal-Eurofound, il-kwalità tal-impjiegi titkejjel fil-livell tal-impjieg. Jinkludi karatteristiċi tax-xogħol maqbuda minn perspettiva oġġettiva, li jistgħu jiġu osservati u huma relatati mal-issodisfar tal-ħtiġijiet tan-nies mix-xogħol. Hija magħmula mill-karatteristiċi kollha tax-xogħol u l-impjieg li ġew ippruvati li għandhom relazzjoni kawżali mas-saħħa u l-benesseri. Karatteristiċi pożittivi u negattivi tal-impjiegi huma inklużi. Dawn l-indikaturi jirriflettu r-riżorsi tax-xogħol (aspetti fiżiċi, psikoloġiċi, soċjali jew organizzattivi) u d-domandi tax-xogħol, jew il-proċessi li jinfluwenzawhom.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Is-settur IT fil-fokus: Evoluzzjoni tal-forza tax-xogħol diġitali tal-UE
Is-settur ICT qed imexxi d-diġitalizzazzjoni u l-adozzjoni tal-AI madwar l-Ewropa, iżda n-nuqqas ta' ħaddiema kwalifikati qed iwaqqaf it-tkabbir tiegħu. Dan ir-rapport janalizza l-impjiegi u l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol għall-ispeċjalisti tal-ICT u l-isfidi li qed jiffurmaw wieħed mis-setturi l-aktar kritiċi tal-UE.Impjieg u kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tal-ħaddiema l-aktar vulnerabbli: Indirizzar ta' sfida politika kontinwa
Matul l-aħħar għoxrin sena, is-swieq tax-xogħol madwar l-UE raw żieda sinifikanti fl-impjiegi mhux standard. Filwaqt li dawn l-arranġamenti jistgħu joffru flessibilità u bilanċ aħjar bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja, il-vulnerabbiltà tidher meta dawn ikunu involontarji jew meta diversi karatteristiċi mhux standard jiltaqgħu. Dan ir-rapport janalizza l-prevalenza tal-vulnerabbiltà fl-impjieg madwar l-UE-27 bejn l-2009 u l-2021, billi janalizza l-konnessjonijiet tiegħu mal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol, ir-riżultati tas-saħħa u r-risposti tal-politika. Ir-riżultati juru li n-nisa, iż-żgħażagħ u l-migranti jiffaċċjaw l-ogħla riskju, b'dawk li jesperjenzaw diversi dimensjonijiet ta' vulnerabbiltà jirrapportaw prospetti ta' xogħol aktar ħżiena, opportunitajiet limitati ta' taħriġ, inqas awtonomija u rati ogħla ta' ansjetà u depressjoni. Ir-rapport jirrevedi wkoll miżuri ta' politika tal-UE u nazzjonali mmirati biex isaħħu ċ-ċertezza kuntrattwali u jappoġġjaw transizzjonijiet għal impjieg aktar sigur.Ġestjoni algoritmika fil-postijiet tax-xogħol Ewropej: Implikazzjonijiet għall-organizzazzjoni tax-xogħol u l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol
Dan l-istudju jippreżenta analiżi sekondarja tad-dejta mis-Seba' Studju Ewropew tal-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol ta' Eurofound (EWCS 2024) li jesplora l-prevalenza tat-teknoloġiji diġitali fil-postijiet tax-xogħol moderni u t-tixrid ta' prattiċi ta' ġestjoni algoritmika. Billi tgħaqqad l-espożizzjoni rrappurtata tal-ħaddiema għal programmi tal-kompjuter li jissorveljaw il-prestazzjoni, jallokaw kompiti, u jippjanaw ix-xogħol ma' indikaturi tal-kwalità tax-xogħol, l-analiżi tivvaluta kif it-teknoloġija tirranġa x-xogħol. Jidentifika wkoll profili distinti tal-ħaddiema bbażati fuq mudelli ta' użu tat-teknoloġija diġitali u l-karatteristiċi assoċjati ma' kull profil. Ir-riżultati se jgħinu l-formulazzjoni tal-politika mmirata biex tippromwovi xogħlijiet ta' kwalità għolja f'postijiet tax-xogħol dejjem aktar diġitali.Il-Eurofound għandha l-għan li tikkonsolida l-pożizzjoni tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol (EWCS) tagħha bħala għodda importanti għall-valutazzjoni komparattiva tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi fl-Unjoni Ewropea u lil hinn minnha, li tikkontribwixxi għall-iżvilupp tal-politika fil-qasam tal-kwalità tax-xogħol. Id-dejta ntużat biex titwettaq aktar riċerka dwar diversi suġġetti marbuta mal-kwalità tal-impjiegi, inkluża l-kwalità tal-impjiegi f'sitwazzjonijiet differenti tax-xogħol, il-kwalità tal-impjiegi ta' gruppi differenti fis-suq tax-xogħol, l-impatt tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi fuq il-kwalità tal-ħajja tax-xogħol u analiżi fil-fond tad-dimensjonijiet individwali tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi. L-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kumpaniji (ECS) iħares ukoll lejn dimensjonijiet differenti tal-kwalità tal-impjiegi għall-ħaddiema u għal min iħaddem. Riċerka reċenti ħarset ukoll lejn il-kwalità tal-impjiegi f'perspettiva globali.
Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi u t-titjib tagħha huma tħassib politiku importanti, peress li l-impjiegi ta' kwalità huma kruċjali għal parteċipazzjoni ogħla fil-forza tax-xogħol, benesseri ogħla u prestazzjoni ekonomika miżjuda. Il-kwalità tal-impjiegi hija wkoll komponent ewlieni biex ix-xogħol isir sostenibbli u biex il-ħaddiema jkunu jistgħu jibqgħu motivati biex jibqgħu jaħdmu għal żmien itwal. Huwa ċentrali għall-Aġenda tax-Xogħol Deċenti tal-ILO, l-istrateġija tal-OECD dwar l-impjiegi u għall-politiki tal-Unjoni Ewropea dwar il-kwalità tax-xogħol biex jinħolqu aktar impjiegi u impjiegi aħjar. Għall-ħaddiema, għall-intrapriżi u l-organizzazzjonijiet li jimpjegawhom u għas-soċjetajiet, hemm benefiċċji assoċjati ma' impjiegi ta' kwalità għolja, u spejjeż assoċjati ma' impjiegi ta' kwalità baxxa.
Fl-2025, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea qed tippjana li tressaq Pjan Direzzjonali għall-Impjiegi ta' Kwalità b'kollaborazzjoni mas-sħab soċjali, bil-għan li "tappoġġa pagi ġusti, kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tajbin, taħriġ u tranżizzjonijiet ġusti tal-impjiegi għall-ħaddiema u l-persuni li jaħdmu għal rashom. Din l-inizjattiva tappoġġja l-isforz biex tissaħħaħ il-kompetittività tal-UE kif deskritt fil-Boxxla tal-Kompetittività u biex jinħolqu impjiegi ta' kwalità.
Il-prijorità tal-Kummissjoni: L-appoġġ lin-nies, it-tisħiħ tas-soċjetajiet tagħna u l-mudell soċjali tagħnaopens in new tab
L-Organizzazzjoni Internazzjonali tax-Xogħol (ILO): Xogħol deċentiopens in new tab
L-Organizzazzjoni għall-Kooperazzjoni u l-Iżvilupp Ekonomiċi (OECD): Strateġija tal-OECD dwar l-Impjiegiopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Strateġija Ewropea dwar l-impjiegiopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
3 September 2025
Xejriet fil-kwalità tal-impjiegi: l-ewwel sejbiet tal-EWCS 2024
30 June 2024
Job quality side of climate change
Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with increased exposure to hazards, leading to lower standards of job quality, productivity loss and greater job and work insecurity. Nearly half of workers in the EU will experience profound changes in their job tasks as economies adapt to climate change and climate mitigation strategies are implemented. In addition, work is likely to change as a result of company responses to climate change. These changes in work, while increasing the vulnerability of some workers, offer opportunities to improve some dimensions of job quality. This report outlines the complex relationship between job quality and climate change, including the implication of green tasks in selected sectors.
30 January 2024
Self-employment in the EU: Job quality and developments in social protection
Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of many self-employed workers. Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey, this report examines the working conditions of different groups of self-employed people. It analyses measures taken at EU Member State level to better protect self-employed individuals against the risks of unemployment, workplace accidents and sickness, and presents lessons learned from measures implemented during the pandemic.
9 October 2023
Job quality of COVID-19 pandemic essential workers
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment. These were the COVID-19 pandemic essential, or critical, workers, many of whom risked their physical and mental health by continuing to go to work during the pandemic.
This policy brief investigates the job quality of these critical workers, making use of unique sources of information, including data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021, data gathered by correspondents from across the Member States and interviews with EU-level social partner representatives from selected sectors. It examines the experiences of work among critical workers during the pandemic, and highlights imminent challenges to the sustainability of their work. The aim is to discover whether these workers are equipped to support society through future shocks and crises.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
12 October 2020
European Company Survey 2019 - Workplace practices unlocking employee potential
This report is based on the fourth edition of the European Company Survey (ECS), which was carried out jointly by Eurofound and Cedefop in 2019. It describes a wide range of practices and strategies implemented by European companies in terms of work organisation, human resource management, skills use and skills development, and employee voice. The report shows how these practices are combined and how the resulting ‘bundles of practices’ are associated with two outcomes beneficial to employees and employers: workplace well-being and establishment performance.
The analysis finds that the establishments that are most likely to generate this win–win outcome are those that combine a high degree of worker autonomy, a balanced motivational strategy, a comprehensive training and learning strategy, and high levels of direct employee involvement in decision-making, as well as offering managerial support for these practices. To boost the adoption of employee-oriented practices – particularly in relation to autonomy, skills and employee involvement – managers should be offered appropriate support, as they play a key role in the decision to initiate workplace change. They are also crucial to its success, as they must continuously support the workplace practices implemented.
6 May 2019
Working conditions in a global perspective
Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International Labour Organization and Eurofound – provides a comparative analysis of job quality covering approximately 1.2 billion workers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It analyses seven dimensions of job quality: the physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, the social environment, skills and development, prospects, and earnings, finding both important differences and similarities between countries. By analysing positive and negative aspects of job quality in different countries and societies, the report provides a way to look beyond national explanations, to see how some groups of workers are affected more than others and understand the particular issues for women workers around the world – in support of evidence-based policymaking to improve job quality.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Jorge Cabrita
Senior research managerJorge Cabrita huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol. Huwa responsabbli għall-formulazzjoni, koordinazzjoni u ġestjoni tar-riċerka Ewropea, u għall-promozzjoni tad-diffużjoni tar-riżultati fl-oqsma tal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u r-relazzjonijiet industrijali. L-oqsma ewlenin tar-riċerka tiegħu jinkludu l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u l-kwalità tax-xogħol, iż-żmien tax-xogħol u l-bilanċ bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja, is-saħħa u l-benesseri tax-xogħol, l-ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi u l-impatti soċjoekonomiċi tat-tranżizzjoni għal ekonomija newtrali għall-klima. Bħalissa qed imexxi riċerka dwar l-iżviluppi fil-ħin tax-xogħol u dwar id-djalogu soċjali u n-negozjar kollettiv matul il-pandemija tal-COVID-19. Qabel dan, ħadem bħala riċerkatur fiċ-Ċentru għall-Istudji dwar l-Intervent Soċjali u fiċ-Ċentru tar-Riċerka dwar l-Ekonomija Portugiża tal-Iskola tal-Ekonomija ta' Lisbona, u bħala taħriġ u konsulent fl-oqsma tal-ġestjoni strateġika, komunikazzjoni organizzattiva, tmexxija u bini ta' tim. Għandu BSc fl-Ekonomija u MSc fis-Sistemi Soċjo-Organizzattivi tal-Attività Ekonomika mill-Iskola tal-Ekonomija ta' Lisbona.
Agnès Parent-Thirion
Senior research managerAgnès Parent-Thirion hija maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol fil-Eurofound, inkarigata mill-ippjanar, l-iżvilupp u l-implimentazzjoni ta' proġetti ta' riċerka dwar il-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol, b'mod partikolari l-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol (EWCS) u l-analiżi tiegħu. Hija responsabbli għall-edizzjoni straordinarja tal-EWCS 2021 u għat-tħejjija tal-kwestjonarju għall-EWCS 2024. L-interessi tar-riċerka tagħha jinkludu l-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol, il-kwalità tax-xogħol, il-monitoraġġ tal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol, l-organizzazzjoni tax-xogħol, is-sess, il-futur tax-xogħol u l-ħin. Hija ilha taħdem fil-qasam tal-istħarriġ komparattiv Ewropew għal aktar minn għaxar snin, fl-aspetti kollha inklużi d-disinn, l-iżvilupp tal-kwestjonarju, ix-xogħol fuq il-post, il-kontroll tal-kwalità u l-analiżi. Hija gradwata fl-ekonomija u l-ġestjoni mill-universitajiet Paris IX Dauphine u Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne u għandha Diploma Postgraduate fl-Istatistika mit-Trinity College Dublin. Dan l-aħħar temmet korsijiet onlajn dwar l-intelliġenza artifiċjali: tmexxija mmexxija mill-inkjesta mal-MIT Sloan Executive Education u 'Les grand enjeux de la transition: re-ouvrir l'orizzont, comprendre pour agir' mal-Campus de la Transition. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound, hija ħadmet għal numru ta' snin fil-Kummissjoni Ewropea.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
