Protezzjoni soċjali
Jeżistu sistemi ta' protezzjoni soċjali biex jipproteġu lin-nies kontra r-riskji ta' telf ta' dħul assoċjat mal-qgħad, il-mard u l-invalidità, ir-responsabbiltajiet tal-ġenituri, l-ispejjeż tat-tfal u l-akkomodazzjoni, ix-xjuħija jew wara t-telf ta' konjuġi jew ġenitur. L-organizzazzjoni u l-finanzjament tas-sistemi ta' protezzjoni soċjali huma f'idejn l-Istati Membri tal-UE. Madankollu, l-UE għandha rwol partikolari fl-iżgurar, permezz tal-leġiżlazzjoni tal-UE li tikkoordina s-sistemi nazzjonali tas-sigurtà soċjali, li n-nies li jiċċaqilqu bejn il-fruntieri u għalhekk jaqgħu taħt il-kompetenza ta' sistemi differenti ta' protezzjoni soċjali jkunu protetti b'mod adegwat. Din il-leġiżlazzjoni tikkonċerna prinċipalment l-iskemi statutorji tas-sigurtà soċjali.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Foundation Forum 2025: Key takeaways
This paper provides the top 20 takeaways from the Foundation Forum 2025 which took place at IMMA Venues Dublin on 19–20 November 2025.Europe’s social model – The key to competitive growth – Background paper
This background paper outlines the context for the issues to be examined at Eurofound’s Foundation Forum 2025. As the global order proves to be increasingly volatile, the European Union itself is undergoing a profound transformation in terms of its socioeconomic and geopolitical landscape. Enhancing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable economic growth are now at the top of the EU agenda.Diġitalizzazzjoni tal-protezzjoni soċjali
Dan ir-rapport jiffoka fuq id-diġitalizzazzjoni tal-proċessi ta' quddiem u ta' wara fil-benefiċċji soċjali monetarji. F'10 Stati Membri tal-UE u fin-Norveġja, applikazzjoni diġitali hija possibbli għal kollha, jew għal kollha ħlief waħda, mill-għaxar benefiċċji investigati. F'mill-inqas ħames Stati Membri, l-applikazzjonijiet fuq karta ġew waqfu għal xi wħud mill-benefiċċji.L-istudji tal-Eurofound ħarsu lejn l-aċċess għas-servizzi u l-benefiċċji kemm bħala mezzi biex jintlaħqu ħtiġijiet speċifiċi kif ukoll bħala parti mill-isforzi integrati biex tiġi promossa l-inklużjoni. Is-servizzi pubbliċi ta' kwalità huma mezz vitali biex jinkisbu livelli għoljin ta' protezzjoni soċjali u inklużjoni soċjali. Ir-riċerka tal-Eurofound teżamina l-aċċess għal u l-kwalità ta' varjetà ta' servizzi soċjali, u tinvestiga wkoll l-impatt tal-COVID-19 fuq l-użu u t-twassil ta' dawn is-servizzi. L-enfasi hija fuq dawk is-servizzi u l-benefiċċji li jirrispondu għall-ħtiġijiet ta' gruppi vulnerabbli bħall-anzjani, il-migranti, iż-żgħażagħ jew il-persuni b'diżabilità.
Ir-riċerka tiffoka wkoll fuq il-bidla strutturali, xprunata l-aktar mid-diġitalizzazzjoni, it-tibdil fil-klima u wkoll mill-COVID-19 (ara l-infografika hawn taħt), u kif jiġu żgurati tranżizzjonijiet ġusti li jippromwovu l-protezzjoni soċjali u d-drittijiet tal-ħaddiema.
L-Artikolu 2 tat-Trattat tal-UE jidentifika l-promozzjoni ta' livell għoli ta' protezzjoni soċjali bħala kompitu ewlieni. Is-sistema ta' protezzjoni soċjali tinkludi benefiċċji fi flus kontanti u in natura. Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali jenfasizza l-aċċess għall-kura tat-tfal, il-kura tas-saħħa, il-kura fit-tul u l-akkomodazzjoni flimkien mal-benefiċċji tal-qgħad, id-dħul minimu u r-riżorsi għall-persuni fix-xjuħija li jiżguraw li jkunu jistgħu jgħixu b'dinjità.
Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali jistabbilixxi 20 prinċipju u dritt ewlieni essenzjali għal swieq tax-xogħol u sistemi ta' protezzjoni soċjali ġusti u li jiffunzjonaw tajjeb. Il-prinċipji huma strutturati madwar tliet kategoriji, li waħda minnhom hija l-protezzjoni soċjali u l-inklużjoni. Fl-4 ta' Marzu 2021, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea ppreżentat il-pjan ta' azzjoni tagħha biex timplimenta bis-sħiħ il-Pilastru, filwaqt li tbiddel il-prinċipji f'azzjonijiet konkreti għall-benefiċċju taċ-ċittadini tal-UE, filwaqt li tappoġġa wkoll l-irkupru mill-impatt tal-COVID-19. Biex jitnaqqsu l-inugwaljanzi, hija pproponiet mira ġdida għall-UE biex tnaqqas l-għadd ta' persuni f'riskju ta' faqar jew esklużjoni soċjali b'mill-inqas 15-il miljun sal-2030, inklużi mill-inqas 5 miljun tifel u tifla.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Pjan ta' Azzjoni għall-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjaliopens in new tab
Fl-24 ta' Marzu 2021, il-Kummissjoni pproponiet Strateġija tal-UE dwar id-Drittijiet tat-Tfal u r-Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill li tistabbilixxi l-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfal biex tiżgura li t-tfal f'riskju ta' faqar u esklużjoni soċjali jkollhom aċċess effettiv għal servizzi ewlenin bħall-kura tas-saħħa u l-edukazzjoni. Fl-14 ta' Ġunju 2021, il-Kunsill għall-Impjiegi, il-Politika Soċjali, is-Saħħa u l-Affarijiet tal-Konsumatur (EPSCO) adotta l-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfal.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Strateġija tal-UE dwar id-Drittijiet tat-Tfal u l-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfalopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Kunsill jadotta l-Garanzija Ewropea għat-Tfalopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni tuża l-proċess tas-Semestru Ewropew biex tissorvelja s-sistemi ta' protezzjoni soċjali tal-Istati Membri u toffri rakkomandazzjonijiet speċifiċi għall-pajjiż fejn meħtieġ dwar l-użu tal-baġits soċjali tagħhom biex tiżgura protezzjoni soċjali adegwata u sostenibbli.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Is-Semestru Ewropewopens in new tab
Prijorità ewlenija oħra għall-Kummissjoni Ewropea hija li toħloq Ewropa lesta għall-era diġitali. Dan jinkludi l-investiment fis-servizzi pubbliċi diġitali u l-għoti ta' protezzjoni soċjali adegwata għall-ħaddiema tal-pjattaformi.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Id-Deċennju Diġitali tal-Ewropa: miri diġitali għall-2030opens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
8 October 2024
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
30 May 2023
Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Europe
Unaffordable housing is a matter of great concern in the EU. It leads to homelessness, housing insecurity, financial strain and inadequate housing. It also prevents young people from leaving their family home. These problems affect people’s health and well-being, embody unequal living conditions and opportunities, and result in healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private tenants have faced particularly large housing cost increases, and owners with mortgages are vulnerable to interest rate increases. In addition, many owners without mortgages, especially in post-communist and southern European countries, experience poverty and housing inadequacy. The cost-of-living crisis affects people in all tenancies. Social housing and rent subsidies support many, but capacity differs across and within countries, and these measures exclude certain groups in vulnerable situations and fail to reach everyone who is entitled to them. Three quarters of Member States have Housing First initiatives – providing housing for homeless people – but these mostly operate on a small scale. This report maps housing problems in the EU and the policies that address them, drawing on Eurofound’s Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
5 July 2022
Policies to support refugees from Ukraine
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
20 December 2019
Casual work: Characteristics and implications
Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment. While it offers some advantages for both employers and workers, it is often discussed by policymakers at EU and national levels due to the observed negative consequences it has for some workers. Impacts include economic insecurity and unpredictability of working time, which in turn affect workers’ health, well-being and social security. From a labour market perspective, casual work raises concerns about decent social inclusion of vulnerable groups, labour market segmentation and more general trends towards fragmentation of work and brain drain. Some policy responses have already been implemented to tackle these issues; further policy pointers are flagged in the report.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Marie Hyland
Research officerMarie Hyland ingħaqdet mal-Eurofound bħala uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali fl-2023. Qabel dan, Marie qattgħet diversi snin bħala ekonomista fil-Bank Dinji, fejn ħadmet fuq firxa ta' kwistjonijiet fosthom is-sessi, it-tibdil fil-klima u l-iżvilupp tas-settur privat. Ir-riċerka ta' Marie ħarset lejn l-impatt tad-diskriminazzjoni legali fuq l-emanċipazzjoni ekonomika tan-nisa, ikkunsidrat ir-rwol tad-daqs tad-ditta u l-prattiki maniġerjali fuq il-produttività u l-iżvilupp ekonomiku, u analizzat l-ekonomija tal-politiki ta' mitigazzjoni tat-tibdil fil-klima. Marie għandha PhD fl-Ekonomija mit-Trinity College Dublin.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
