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A era digital: oportunidades e desafios em matéria de trabalho e emprego

A capacidade da humanidade de armazenar, enviar e manipular informações expandiu-se enormemente nos últimos anos em resultado de inovações nas tecnologias da informação e das telecomunicações. Estas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC) têm efeitos significativos em quase todas as áreas da economia, levando a uma aceleração geral no ritmo do avanço tecnológico. Ao mesmo tempo, o trabalho, o seu conteúdo, a sua organização e conceção, a sua regulamentação e proteção enfrentam grandes mudanças nesta era digital. Frequentemente, tais mudanças acarretam também uma diluição das fronteiras entre as diferentes dimensões do trabalho e entre o trabalho, o emprego e a atividade não profissional.

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Os decisores políticos necessitam de adquirir conhecimentos que os ajudem a abordar questões sobre uma regulamentação eficaz, como garantir a proteção social no seu sentido mais amplo e equilibrar as exigências das empresas, das sociedades e dos indivíduos no âmbito da exploração do grande potencial da digitalização.

A Comissão Europeia adotou a estratégia do Mercado Único Digital para a Europa em 2015, destacando-a como uma das suas prioridades políticas. A estratégia pode criar oportunidades digitais para cidadãos e empresas e visa fortalecer a posição da UE como líder mundial na economia digital. O objetivo é aumentar o acesso à informação, levar à criação de emprego para quem possui as competências digitais adequadas e transformar os serviços públicos.  À medida que a economia colaborativa se expande em toda a UE, a Comissão procura incentivar o desenvolvimento de serviços novos e inovadores, garantindo simultaneamente medidas de proteção adequadas. A Comunicação da Comissão de 2016 sobre a Agenda Europeia para a Economia Colaborativa clarifica as regras e as recomendações políticas neste domínio para os cidadãos, as empresas e os Estados-Membros.

Trabalho da Eurofound

A Eurofound analisa atualmente as implicações mais amplas para as condições de trabalho, a regulamentação laboral e mais além no que se refere à escala e ao âmbito crescentes das tecnologias digitais para o mercado de trabalho.

O impacto das tecnologias revolucionárias no emprego no domínio dos serviços está a ser estudado. A Eurofound analisa também as implicações para o mercado de trabalho da economia das plataformas, nomeadamente a externalização de trabalho em linha (crowd employment). Além disso, prossegue a investigação sobre as condições de trabalho e emprego dos trabalhadores móveis baseados nas TIC.

A natureza do trabalho e do emprego na era digital será investigada, com particular incidência:

Principais contributos

Um relatório conjunto com a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) sobre o trabalho a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar analisou o impacto do teletrabalho e do trabalho móvel baseado nas TIC em elementos selecionados das condições de trabalho.

A Série de Seminários da Fundação (SSF) da Eurofound é uma oportunidade para os governos, os sindicatos e os empregadores discutirem o desenvolvimento das políticas sociais, de emprego e de trabalho da UE. Em 2016, a SSF incidiu no impacto da digitalização no trabalho e na criação de agendas nacionais para uma melhor implementação das mudanças digitais.

Key outputs

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Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen...

12 Setembro 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

  • In 2021, Eurofound will finalise and publish its 2020 work programme research on the impact of digitisation technologies on work organisation and working conditions and launch its online flagship resource on digitalisation.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Sara Riso is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is involved in research projects in the areas of employment change and restructuring. She joined...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Tina Weber is a research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Having previously shared her time between the Employment and Working Life units, her work has focused on labour...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (44)

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008–2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting labour

28 March 2024

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

O presente relatório aborda o impacto da crise da COVID-19 nos serviços sociais na UE. Embora a pandemia tenha afetado negativamente os serviços sociais, proporcionou, não obstante, ensinamentos sobre a forma de os adaptar em resposta aos novos desafios e riscos sociais. Uma lição, por exemplo, é

16 August 2023

The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing n

16 May 2023

On request by the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Eurofound prepared a background paper as a basis for the discussion at the informal Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) meeting on 3-4 May 2023. The paper outlines some of the key challenges

04 May 2023

À medida que as economias começam a recuperar da pandemia de COVID-19, a escassez de mão de obra está a tornar-se cada vez mais evidente, apesar do impacto da guerra na Ucrânia nos preços dos produtos energéticos e das matérias-primas. Esta escassez inclui carências exacerbadas pela crise em alguns

28 March 2023

Este relatório apresenta as investigações do Eurofound sobre o teletrabalho durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020 e 2021. Explora as alterações na incidência do teletrabalho, as condições laborais de quem trabalhava a partir de casa e as alterações regulamentares relativas a questões relacionadas

08 December 2022

A banca de retalho é um terreno fértil para estudar os impactos da digitalização no trabalho e no emprego. Os serviços financeiros são cada vez mais prestados em linha, sem intermediação de instituições de contacto direto com o cliente. Muitos bancos do setor têm sido objeto de uma profunda

26 September 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

Online resources results (25)
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Bank restructuring: disruptors versus incumbents

While high-street banks reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic by accelerating the push to digitalisation and cutting jobs, some digital-only banks are recruiting new staff to meet growing demand. An example is the ‘disruptor’ bank Revolut which has recently announced the creation of 1,000 jobs worldwide

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Twin transition and pandemic challenge Eurofound to increase expertise, strengthen partnerships, expand reach, says new Director

Eurofound welcomed Ivailo Kalfin to his new role as Executive Director on 1 June. After one month in the job, he reflects on the challenges facing the EU, how they will impact on the work of Eurofound and his priorities for shaping the Agency over the next five years.

Telework, ICT-based mobile work in Europe: Trends, challenges and the right to disconnect 11 March 2021 - EMCO virtual meeting hosted by the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union Presentation by Oscar Vargas Llave, Research Manager, Eurofound

16 Março 2021

Working remotely: An overview of trends, opportunities, challenges and risks 9 March 2021 Presentation by Irene Mandl, Head of unit - Employment, Eurofound

9 Março 2021

Connecting and disconnecting and work-life balance 9 March 2021 Presentation by Tina Weber, Research manager - Employment unit, Eurofound

9 Março 2021
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Coronavirus highlights sick pay void for platform workers

The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is starting to have a serious impact on the world economy. The consequences for platform workers are especially severe in light of forced work stoppages due to self-isolation and lack of sick pay in many cases. Recent media coverage shows that platform workers in

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Amazon’s expansion in Europe

The U.S. online retail giant Amazon is investing heavily in Europe, creating 11,580 jobs in 2018 alone. As Europe turns towards e-commerce, automation and digitalisation, Amazon will play a key role in reshaping the retail sector. But its impacts are unlikely to be confined to retail alone.


Blogs results (23)
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The platform economy is one of those moving targets, which, despite receiving increasing media and policy attention, has proven difficult to regulate. Given the heterogeneity of employment relationships, business models, types of platform work and cross-border issues, this is not surprising. Yet, in

27 Setembro 2022
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 Julho 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 Junho 2022
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Whether it is couch surfing, baby-sitting, pizza delivery or getting Ikea furniture assembled by somebody who can do it better, platforms can mediate all kinds of voluntary or professional services. Platform work is at the heart of the ‘sharing economy’. But while this may sound like a new form of

31 Março 2022
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When it comes to Europe’s COVID-19 recovery and its aspiration to build back a more resilient society, the so-called green and digital transitions have dominated EU policy discussions. And as Eurofound made preparations for the 2022 Foundation Forum – a unique occasion for high-level debate on the

11 Março 2022
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The advent of AI has far more consequences for how work is organised, performed and valued than any previous technological revolution. In order to make the most of this digital transformation we need inclusive and nuanced policy debates on its employment effects and how to future-proof policies: we

8 Dezembro 2021
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The massive and rapid adoption of telework in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 lockdowns exposed gaps in the legislation governing telework arrangements across the EU Member States. In some cases, there was no regulation in place; in others, it was too restrictive. Governments scrambled to put

31 Maio 2021
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While 2020 may come to be seen as the year platform work gathered pace and started to go mainstream – thanks in large part to COVID-19 containment measures sparking an increase in food and grocery delivery – 2021 could be the year that regulation of platform work is set in motion. The well-known

24 Fevereiro 2021
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The COVID-19 pandemic compelled governments to take exceptional measures to monitor and control the spread of the Coronavirus. Among them was the introduction in most EU Member States of tracking apps to gather data on citizens who have contracted the virus and to trace their contacts, a measure

13 Janeiro 2021
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​​​​​​​With remote working becoming the new normal for many workers, it is surely the case that many employers are anxious to ensure that their employees are putting in full working days. Companies are likely to be investing in and deploying digital technologies for tracking employee performance

9 Dezembro 2020

Upcoming publications results (4)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

The interaction between workers and robots is expected to increase in modern workplaces due to rapid advancements in robotic technologies. Advanced robots often leverage progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technologies to achieve a higher level of sophistication and

July 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Data results (1)
24 Outubro 2023
Reference period:

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