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Заплащане и доходи

Плащанията и доходите са от основно значение за трудовите взаимоотношения и качеството на живот. Поради кризисни процеси в икономиката и в обществото като цяло този въпрос бе предмет на още по-голямо внимание на равнище ЕС.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 January 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Европейският стълб на социалните права определя ангажиментите на ЕС относно заплатите: правото на работниците на справедливо заплащане, което осигурява достоен стандарт на живот; гарантиране на достатъчна минимална работна заплата; предотвратяване на бедността сред работещите.

Дейност на Eurofound

Eurofound редовно докладва за различните аспекти на заплащането и доходите от гледна точка на променящите се икономически условия в цяла Европа.

Контрол върху заплащането

Чрез своята Европейска обсерватория на професионалния живот (EurWORK), Eurofound обединява набор от информация относно заплащането. Редовният характер на отчитането генерира по-дълга поредица от наблюдения върху колективно договорените възнаграждения, така че тенденциите да подлежат контрол. Eurofound публикува редовно актуална информация относно задължителния минимум на възнагражденията и колективно договореното заплащане. Освен това Eurofound наблюдава тенденциите на национално ниво във връзка с механизмите за определяне на възнагражденията, равното заплащане, променливото заплащане, ниското заплащане и разликата в заплащането при жените и мъжете.

Профилите на отделните държави в областта на професионалния живот съдържат информация относно заплащането на национално равнище и редовно се актуализират. Освен това EurWORK поддържа две бази данни относно заплащането (вж. ресурсите по-долу).

Европейският наблюдател на работните места на Eurofound (EJM) извършва оценка на измененията в заетостта по вид работа според различни качествени мерки, включително заплащането. По-специално той допринася за познанията ни относно явлението поляризация на заетостта — т.е. степента, в която растежът на заетостта вероятно ще бъде по-голям в началото и в края на разпределението на заплатите, отколкото в средата.

Данни от проучването

Проучванията на Eurofound наблюдават и условията на заплащане в ЕС. Заплащането заема централно място в изследванията на Eurofound при извършване на оценка на качеството на труд. В европейското проучване за условията на труд (EWCS) доходите са един от седемте показателя за качество на работата. EWCS отчита и разликата в заплащането при жените и мъжете. За повече информация вж. Интерактивен инструмент за визуализация на EWCS.

Европейското проучване за качеството на живот (EQLS) следи въздействието на доходите върху жизнения стандарт и връзката между неравенството в доходите със социалното сближаване и благополучие. Проучването анализира как кризата е засегнала семействата, като акцентира върху тези с ниски доходи, задлъжнялостта на домакинствата и групите, изложени на риск от бедност. Освен това EQLS събира информация за доходите при пенсиониране и възможностите за удължаване на професионалния живот. За повече информация вж. Интерактивен инструмент за визуализация на EQLS.

Проучването на европейските дружества (ECS) обхваща използването на променливи схеми за заплащане в предприятията, както и покритието на служителите в тези предприятия посредством колективни трудови договори. Проучването позволява информацията за променливото заплащане и договаряне на заплатите да се свърже с информацията за организацията на труда, управлението на човешките ресурси, прякото участие на работещите и социалния диалог, както и с ефективността и благосъстоянието на работното място.

Key outputs

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Годишният преглед на минималните заплати за 2023 г. е изготвен в контекста на безпрецедентната инфлация в цяла Европа. Макар че тази инфлация води до значителни увеличения на номиналните ставки на...

29 June 2023
Publication
Research report
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Пандемията от COVID-19 оказа различно въздействие върху социалните групи в зависимост от съществуващите недостатъци, а убеждението, че тя е довела до увеличаване на неравенствата в различните области на живота, беше...

24 January 2023
Publication
Research report
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В настоящия доклад се разглежда разпределението на богатството на домакинствата в държавите — членки на ЕС и се анализира ролята на богатството за социалната мобилност. С информацията, получена от три набора от...

30 March 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

Disclaimer: Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.Настоящият доклад има за цел да направи оценка на първоначалното въздействие от извънредното положение поради COVID-19 върху заетостта в Европа (до второто тримесечие на 2020 г.)

11 March 2021

Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in

09 December 2020

The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being

08 December 2020

The uneven impact of the 2008–2013 economic crisis on Member States brought upward convergence to the fore in EU political debates. The focus was on orienting social policy towards getting the EU back on track, as encapsulated in the European Pillar of Social Rights. However, the meaning of the conc

30 September 2020

This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s

28 September 2020

This report, as part of an annual series on minimum wages, summarises the key developments during 2019 and early 2020 around the EU initiative on fair wages and puts the national debates on setting the rates for 2020 and beyond in this context. The report features how minimum wages were set and the

04 June 2020

Само в рамките на няколко седмици пандемията от COVID-19, причинена от новия коронавирус, коренно промени живота на хората по света. Освен унищожителните последици за здравето на хората, пряко засегнати от вируса, пандемията от COVID-19 има сериозни последици за начина, по който хората живеят и

06 May 2020

This report addresses the problem of household over-indebtedness, which is broadly defined as being unable to make payments related to regular commitments.

12 March 2020

This report maps developments in the size of the middle class in the EU between 2004 and 2015 using Eurostat’s SILC survey, and analyses life satisfaction by income quartile (using Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Surveys). Before the crisis, the middle classes had expanded in around two-thirds

30 October 2019

In most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage

04 June 2019

Online resources results (888)
In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.
4 March 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

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Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

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Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and cont

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Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

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Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 October 2022
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First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 May 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 January 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 August 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 June 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 October 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 April 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 February 2021

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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