Nye ansættelsesformer
Nye former for beskæftigelse er en paraplybetegnelse for de mere forskelligartede former for beskæftigelse, der er ved at opstå eller har fået større betydning siden omkring 2000. Ud over traditionelle ansættelsesforhold er nye former for arbejde kendetegnet ved ændrede arbejdsmønstre, kontraktforhold, arbejdssteder, varighed og tidsplan, øget brug af informations- og kommunikationsteknologi (IKT) eller en kombination af disse.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Begrænset fleksibilitet: Ufrivillig ikke-standard ansættelse i Den Europæiske Union
Denne artikel analyserer forekomsten, tendenserne og mikro-drivkræfterne for ufrivillig ikke-standard beskæftigelse (INE) på tværs af EU-medlemslande mellem 2006 og 2024 ved hjælp af en sammensat indikator, der registrerer arbejdstagere, der er tvunget ansat under midlertidige kontrakter, i deltidsarbejde eller begge dele.Gender differences in motivation to engage in platform work
The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing number of women. This policy brief investigates why women are joining the platform economy and how the motivations to perform work on platforms differ between genders. It shows that while women join platforms to gain an additional income and because it allows them the flexibility to combine work with household chores or family commitments, men are driven by the opportunities provided by platforms to work globally and to expand their client base. At the same time, findings suggest that online platforms seem to provide women with a link to the labour market that can potentially prevent their withdrawal from the labour force during different life stages. These findings suggest that policy action should focus on extending working hours regulations and work–life balance measures to all platform workers, irrespective of employment status, and promote equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men.
Ikke-standard beskæftigelse i EU: Typer, tendenser og arbejdsvilkår
Denne rapport giver et overblik over tendenser inden for nye og ikke-standardiserede former for arbejde i hele Den Europæiske Union. Med udgangspunkt i tilgængelige sammenlignende europæiske datasæt kortlægger den de seneste udviklinger i disse arbejdsordninger og analyserer deres konsekvenser for jobkvaliteten. Rapporten undersøger også tiltag, som sociale parter har taget i de senere år for at imødekomme de udfordringer, som nye og ikke-standardiserede arbejdsformer medfører.For at udfylde eksisterende videnshuller har Eurofound siden 2013 undersøgt de særlige kendetegn ved nye former for beskæftigelse i EU's medlemsstater. Forskningen ser på konsekvenserne for arbejdsvilkår og arbejdsmarked.
De sociale, økonomiske og teknologiske forandringer i Europa har givet anledning til nye former for beskæftigelse. Covid-19-pandemien har også ført til en stigning i omfanget og omfanget af nye former for beskæftigelse. Mange af disse er meget forskellige fra traditionelt 'arbejde'. De transformerer det traditionelle en-til-en-forhold mellem arbejdsgiver og arbejdstager. De er også kendetegnet ved utraditionelle arbejdsmønstre og arbejdspladser.
De politiske beslutningstagere i EU er interesserede i, hvordan disse nye former for beskæftigelse kan bidrage til at opbygge et mere modstandsdygtigt og inklusivt arbejdsmarked. Drøftelserne drejer sig også om, hvordan man kan sikre tilstrækkelig social beskyttelse og anstændige arbejdsvilkår. Af afgørende betydning i debatten er, hvordan man undgår en situation, hvor disse nye ansættelsesformer er mindre gunstige for arbejdstagerne end mere etablerede ansættelsesformer.
I 2017 proklamerede Europa-Kommissionen, Europa-Parlamentet og Rådet den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder, der fastsætter 20 centrale principper, der er afgørende for velfungerende arbejdsmarkeder. I den ledsagende handlingsplan fra 2021 bemærkes det, at digitaliseringen og de ændringer, som pandemien har medført på arbejdsmarkedet, berettiger til en bred politisk debat, der ikke kun vil fokusere på arbejdsmarkedsdeltagelsen, men også på passende arbejdsvilkår, der understøtter kvalitetsjob.
Kommissionen rejste også spørgsmålet om arbejdsvilkår i sin meddelelse om Europas digitale fremtid i støbeskeen. Gode arbejdsvilkår er kernen i en vellykket digital omstilling, der vil fremme innovation og teknologisk udbredelse.
Europa-Kommissionen: Handlingsplanen for den europæiske søjle for sociale rettighederopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder i 20 principperopens in new tab
EUR-Lex: Meddelelse om Europas digitale fremtid i støbeskeenopens in new tab
Eurofounds arbejde med nye former for beskæftigelse hænger sammen med Kommissionens prioritet for 2019-2024 om et Europa, der er klar til den digitale tidsalder.
Europa-Kommissionen: Et Europa klar til den digitale tidsalderopens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
Watch the webinar - #EurofoundLIVE: Regulating platform work – The EU’s big balancing act
2 December 2021
Initiatives to improve conditions for platform workers: Aims, methods, strengths and weaknesses
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers. Accordingly, across the EU, governments, social partners, grassroots organisations and platforms have started to introduce initiatives to tackle the negative aspects of platform work. This policy brief assesses some such initiatives in the Member States and offers recommendations for further action.
15 December 2020
New forms of employment: 2020 update
Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns (linked to aspects such as place of work, working time or use of ICT) and sometimes both. This report puts the spotlight on nine innovative employment forms across the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the UK. It examines the policy frameworks of each country, as well as mapping the scale and scope of the incidence of these new forms and highlighting the main opportunities and risks associated with each form. The report concludes with some policy recommendations taking into account the future of work that will be shaped by the twin transition to the digital age and a carbon-neutral economy, as well as a new way of working due to COVID-19.
20 September 2020
Back to the future: Policy pointers from platform work scenarios
Platform work– the matching of supply and demand for paid labour through an online platform – is still small in scale but is expected to grow. Accordingly, it is important to anticipate the opportunities and risks related to this business model and employment form. This report explores potential scenarios for two selected types of platform work by 2030, drawing on Eurofound’s ‘Future scenarios of platform work’ project. It assesses the expected implications for the economy, labour market and society if these potential futures were realised. On this basis, policy pointers show what could be done to facilitate desirable and avoid undesirable futures. These policy pointers consider how to capitalise on the opportunities inherent in on-location platform work, the need for regulatory clarity and enforcement, issues around worker representation, and the embeddedness of platform work in the digital age.
16 January 2020
Telework and ICT-based mobile work: Flexible working in the digital age
Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement leads to the deterioration of work–life balance, higher stress levels and failing worker health. This report analyses the employment and working conditions of workers with TICTM arrangements, focusing on how it affects their work–life balance, health, performance and job prospects. While policymakers in many EU countries are debating TICTM and its implications, the study finds that only a few have implemented new regulations to prevent TICTM from having a negative impact on the well-being of workers.
28 January 2020
The pandora’s box of the platform economy
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Cesira Urzì Brancati
Research officerCesira Urzì Brancati er forskningsmedarbejder i beskæftigelsesenheden hos Eurofound. Hendes forskningsinteresser omfatter teknologiens indvirkning på beskæftigelse og digitalisering af arbejde, med fokus på digitale arbejdsplatforme, digital overvågning og algoritmisk styring. Hun specialiserer sig i mikroøkonometri, skemadesign og analyse af undersøgelsesdata. Før hun tiltrådte Eurofound i 2024, arbejdede Cesira ved Europakommissionens Fælles Forskningscenter i Sevilla, ved International Longevity Centre i London, ved University of Modena og Reggio Emilia samt ved University of Turin. Hun har en kandidatgrad og en ph.d. i international økonomi fra University of Tor Vergata i Rom.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerDragoș Adăscăliței er forskningsmedarbejder i beskæftigelsesenheden hos Eurofound. Hans nuværende forskning fokuserer på emner relateret til fremtidens arbejde, herunder kunstig intelligens' indvirkning på job, konsekvenserne af automatisering for beskæftigelse og regulatoriske spørgsmål omkring platformarbejde. Han bidrager også regelmæssigt til komparative projekter, der overvåger strukturelle ændringer på de europæiske arbejdsmarkeder. Før han kom til Eurofound, var han lektor i ansættelsesforhold ved University of Sheffield, Management School. Han har en kandidatgrad i statskundskab fra Central European University og en ph.d. i sociologi fra Universitetet i Mannheim.
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
