Κοινωνική προστασία
Τα συστήματα κοινωνικής προστασίας υπάρχουν για την προστασία των ατόμων από τους κινδύνους απώλειας εισοδήματος που συνδέονται με την ανεργία, την κακή υγεία και την αναπηρία, τη γονική μέριμνα, το κόστος των παιδιών και της στέγασης, το γήρας ή μετά την απώλεια συζύγου ή γονέα. Η οργάνωση και η χρηματοδότηση των συστημάτων κοινωνικής προστασίας ανήκει στα κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ. Ωστόσο, η ΕΕ διαδραματίζει ιδιαίτερο ρόλο στη διασφάλιση, μέσω της νομοθεσίας της ΕΕ για τον συντονισμό των εθνικών συστημάτων κοινωνικής ασφάλισης, ότι τα άτομα που διασχίζουν τα σύνορα και, ως εκ τούτου, εμπίπτουν στο πεδίο εφαρμογής διαφορετικών συστημάτων κοινωνικής προστασίας προστατεύονται επαρκώς. Η νομοθεσία αυτή αφορά κυρίως τα εκ του νόμου προβλεπόμενα συστήματα κοινωνικής ασφάλισης.
Νέα και επερχόμενα
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26 November 2025
11 November 2025
28 October 2025
Σχετικά με Κοινωνική προστασία
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Σημαντικά σημεία για Κοινωνική προστασία
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8 October 2024
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
30 May 2023
Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Europe
Unaffordable housing is a matter of great concern in the EU. It leads to homelessness, housing insecurity, financial strain and inadequate housing. It also prevents young people from leaving their family home. These problems affect people’s health and well-being, embody unequal living conditions and opportunities, and result in healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private tenants have faced particularly large housing cost increases, and owners with mortgages are vulnerable to interest rate increases. In addition, many owners without mortgages, especially in post-communist and southern European countries, experience poverty and housing inadequacy. The cost-of-living crisis affects people in all tenancies. Social housing and rent subsidies support many, but capacity differs across and within countries, and these measures exclude certain groups in vulnerable situations and fail to reach everyone who is entitled to them. Three quarters of Member States have Housing First initiatives – providing housing for homeless people – but these mostly operate on a small scale. This report maps housing problems in the EU and the policies that address them, drawing on Eurofound’s Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
5 July 2022
Policies to support refugees from Ukraine
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
20 December 2019
Casual work: Characteristics and implications
Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment. While it offers some advantages for both employers and workers, it is often discussed by policymakers at EU and national levels due to the observed negative consequences it has for some workers. Impacts include economic insecurity and unpredictability of working time, which in turn affect workers’ health, well-being and social security. From a labour market perspective, casual work raises concerns about decent social inclusion of vulnerable groups, labour market segmentation and more general trends towards fragmentation of work and brain drain. Some policy responses have already been implemented to tackle these issues; further policy pointers are flagged in the report.
Εμπειρογνώμονες σχετικά με Κοινωνική προστασία
Οι ερευνητές του Eurofound παρέχουν εξειδικευμένες γνώσεις και μπορούν να επικοινωνήσουν μαζί τους για ερωτήσεις ή αιτήματα από τα μέσα ενημέρωσης.
Marie Hyland
Research officerΗ Marie Hyland εντάχθηκε στο Eurofound ως ερευνήτρια στη μονάδα κοινωνικής πολιτικής το 2023. Πριν από αυτό, η Marie πέρασε αρκετά χρόνια ως οικονομολόγος στην Παγκόσμια Τράπεζα, όπου εργάστηκε σε μια σειρά θεμάτων, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του φύλου, της κλιματικής αλλαγής και της ανάπτυξης του ιδιωτικού τομέα. Η έρευνα της Marie εξέτασε τον αντίκτυπο των νομικών διακρίσεων στην οικονομική ενδυνάμωση των γυναικών, εξέτασε το ρόλο του μεγέθους της επιχείρησης και των διαχειριστικών πρακτικών στην παραγωγικότητα και την οικονομική ανάπτυξη και ανέλυσε τα οικονομικά των πολιτικών μετριασμού της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Η Marie είναι κάτοχος διδακτορικού διπλώματος στα Οικονομικά από το Trinity College του Δουβλίνου.
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