Cineálacha nua fostaíochta
Is ionann cineálacha nua fostaíochta agus an scáththéarma do na cineálacha fostaíochta níos éagsúla atá ag teacht chun cinn nó atá ag éirí níos tábhachtaí ó thart ar 2000. Chomh maith le caidrimh fostaíochta traidisiúnta, tá cineálacha nua oibre tréithrithe ag patrúin oibre atá ag athrú, caidrimh chonarthacha, áiteanna, fad agus sceideal na hoibre, úsáid mhéadaithe teicneolaíochtaí faisnéise agus cumarsáide (TFC), nó meascán díobh sin.
Faigh an t-ábhar is déanaí ar an ábhar seo thíos.
Solúbthacht shrianta: Fostaíocht neamhchaighdeánach neamhdheonach san Aontas Eorpach
Déantar anailís sa pháipéar seo ar mhinicíocht, ar threochtaí agus ar mhicrea-thiománaithe fostaíochta neamhchaighdeánacha neamhdheonacha (INE) ar fud Bhallstáit an AE idir 2006 agus 2024, ag baint úsáide as táscaire ilchodach a ghabhann oibrithe atá fostaithe go neamhdheonach faoi chonarthaí sealadacha, in obair pháirtaimseartha nó iad araon.Gender differences in motivation to engage in platform work
The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing number of women. This policy brief investigates why women are joining the platform economy and how the motivations to perform work on platforms differ between genders. It shows that while women join platforms to gain an additional income and because it allows them the flexibility to combine work with household chores or family commitments, men are driven by the opportunities provided by platforms to work globally and to expand their client base. At the same time, findings suggest that online platforms seem to provide women with a link to the labour market that can potentially prevent their withdrawal from the labour force during different life stages. These findings suggest that policy action should focus on extending working hours regulations and work–life balance measures to all platform workers, irrespective of employment status, and promote equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men.
Fostaíocht neamhchaighdeánach san AE: Cineálacha, treochtaí agus dálaí oibre
Soláthraíonn an tuarascáil seo forbhreathnú ar threochtaí i bhfoirmeacha nua oibre agus i bhfoirmeacha oibre neamhchaighdeánacha ar fud an Aontais Eorpaigh. Ag tarraingt ar thacair sonraí comparáideacha Eorpacha atá ar fáil, déanann sí forbairtí le déanaí sna socruithe oibre seo a mhapáil agus anailísítear a n-impleachtaí do cháilíocht an phoist. Scrúdaíonn an tuarascáil freisin gníomhartha a rinne comhpháirtithe sóisialta le blianta beaga anuas chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar na dúshláin a bhaineann le cineálacha nua agus neamhchaighdeánacha oibre.Chun bearnaí eolais atá ann cheana a líonadh, tá Eurofound ag fiosrú tréithe na gcineálacha fostaíochta atá ag teacht chun cinn i mBallstáit an AE ó 2013 i leith. Breathnaíonn an taighde ar na himpleachtaí do dhálaí oibre agus don mhargadh saothair.
De bharr athruithe sóisialta, eacnamaíocha agus teicneolaíochta san Eoraip, tá cineálacha nua fostaíochta mar thoradh air. Mar thoradh ar phaindéim COVID-19 tá méadú tagtha ar scála agus ar raon feidhme cineálacha nua fostaíochta freisin. Tá go leor díobh seo an-difriúil ó 'obair' traidisiúnta. Athraíonn siad an caidreamh traidisiúnta duine le duine idir fostóir agus fostaí. Tá patrúin oibre agus áiteanna oibre neamhchoinbhinsiúnacha tréithrithe acu freisin.
Tá suim ag lucht déanta beartas san AE sa chaoi ar féidir leis na cineálacha nua fostaíochta seo cabhrú le margadh saothair níos athléimní agus níos cuimsithí a thógáil. Baineann an plé freisin ar conas cosaint shóisialta leordhóthanach agus dálaí oibre cuibhiúla a chinntiú. Tá tábhacht ríthábhachtach sa díospóireacht ná conas cás a sheachaint ina bhfuil na foirmeacha fostaíochta nua seo níos lú fabhrach d'oibrithe ná cineálacha fostaíochta níos seanbhunaithe.
In 2017, d'fhógair an Coimisiún Eorpach, Parlaimint na hEorpa agus an Chomhairle Colún Eorpach na gCeart Sóisialta, ina leagtar amach 20 croíphrionsabal atá riachtanach do mhargaí saothair a fheidhmíonn go maith. Tugtar dá haire sa Phlean Gníomhaíochta 2021 a ghabhann leis go bhfuil díospóireacht leathan beartais mar dhíth ar dhíospóireacht leathan beartais ar an digitiú agus ar na hathruithe a tharla i saol na hoibre de bharr na paindéime.
D'ardaigh an Coimisiún ceist na ndálaí oibre freisin ina Theachtaireacht maidir le 'Todhchaí dhigiteach na hEorpa a mhúnlú'. Tá dea-dhálaí oibre i gcroílár aistriú digiteach rathúil a chuirfeadh nuálaíocht agus scaipeadh teicneolaíochta chun cinn.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Plean Gníomhaíochta an Cholún Eorpaigh um Chearta Sóisialtaopens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Colún Eorpach na gCeart Sóisialta i 20 prionsabalopens in new tab
EUR-Lex: Teachtaireacht maidir le todhchaí dhigiteach na hEorpa a mhúnlúopens in new tab
Nascann obair Eurofound ar chineálacha nua fostaíochta le tosaíocht an Choimisiúin 2019-2024 maidir le hEoraip atá oiriúnach don aois dhigiteach.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Eoraip atá oiriúnach don aois dhigiteachopens in new tab
Is rogha é seo de na torthaí is tábhachtaí don ábhar seo.
Watch the webinar - #EurofoundLIVE: Regulating platform work – The EU’s big balancing act
2 December 2021
Initiatives to improve conditions for platform workers: Aims, methods, strengths and weaknesses
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers. Accordingly, across the EU, governments, social partners, grassroots organisations and platforms have started to introduce initiatives to tackle the negative aspects of platform work. This policy brief assesses some such initiatives in the Member States and offers recommendations for further action.
15 December 2020
New forms of employment: 2020 update
Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns (linked to aspects such as place of work, working time or use of ICT) and sometimes both. This report puts the spotlight on nine innovative employment forms across the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the UK. It examines the policy frameworks of each country, as well as mapping the scale and scope of the incidence of these new forms and highlighting the main opportunities and risks associated with each form. The report concludes with some policy recommendations taking into account the future of work that will be shaped by the twin transition to the digital age and a carbon-neutral economy, as well as a new way of working due to COVID-19.
20 September 2020
Back to the future: Policy pointers from platform work scenarios
Platform work– the matching of supply and demand for paid labour through an online platform – is still small in scale but is expected to grow. Accordingly, it is important to anticipate the opportunities and risks related to this business model and employment form. This report explores potential scenarios for two selected types of platform work by 2030, drawing on Eurofound’s ‘Future scenarios of platform work’ project. It assesses the expected implications for the economy, labour market and society if these potential futures were realised. On this basis, policy pointers show what could be done to facilitate desirable and avoid undesirable futures. These policy pointers consider how to capitalise on the opportunities inherent in on-location platform work, the need for regulatory clarity and enforcement, issues around worker representation, and the embeddedness of platform work in the digital age.
16 January 2020
Telework and ICT-based mobile work: Flexible working in the digital age
Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement leads to the deterioration of work–life balance, higher stress levels and failing worker health. This report analyses the employment and working conditions of workers with TICTM arrangements, focusing on how it affects their work–life balance, health, performance and job prospects. While policymakers in many EU countries are debating TICTM and its implications, the study finds that only a few have implemented new regulations to prevent TICTM from having a negative impact on the well-being of workers.
28 January 2020
The pandora’s box of the platform economy
Soláthraíonn taighdeoirí Eurofound léargas saineolaithe agus is féidir teagmháil a dhéanamh leo le haghaidh ceisteanna nó fiosrúcháin ó na meáin.
Cesira Urzì Brancati
Research officerIs oifigeach taighde í Cesira Urzì Brancati san aonad Fostaíochta ag Eurofound. I measc a cuid spéiseanna taighde tá tionchar na teicneolaíochta ar fhostaíocht agus digitiú na hoibre, le fócas ar ardáin saothair dhigiteacha, faireachas digiteach agus bainistíocht algartamach. Speisialtóireacht aici i micrea-eacnóiméadracht, dearadh ceistneoirí agus anailís sonraí suirbhé. Sula ndeachaigh sí isteach in Eurofound in 2024, d'oibrigh Cesira ag Ionad Comhpháirteach Taighde an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh i Sevilla, ag an Ionad Fad Saoil Idirnáisiúnta i Londain, in Ollscoil Modena agus Reggio Emilia, agus in Ollscoil Torino. Tá céim Mháistir agus PhD aici san Eacnamaíocht Idirnáisiúnta ó Ollscoil Tor Vergata, sa Róimh.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerIs oifigeach taighde é Dragoș Adăscăliței san aonad Fostaíochta in Eurofound. Díríonn a chuid taighde reatha ar ábhair a bhaineann le todhchaí na hoibre, lena n-áirítear tionchar na hintleachta saorga ar phoist, iarmhairtí uathoibrithe ar fhostaíocht agus saincheisteanna rialála a bhaineann le hobair ardáin. Ina theannta sin, ranníocann sé go rialta le tionscadail chomparáideacha a dhéanann monatóireacht ar athruithe struchtúracha i margaí saothair na hEorpa. Sula ndeachaigh sé isteach in Eurofound, bhí sé ina léachtóir le Caidreamh Fostaíochta in Ollscoil Sheffield, Scoil Bhainistíochta. Tá MA san Eolaíocht Pholaitiúil aige ó Ollscoil Lár na hEorpa agus PhD sa tSocheolaíocht ó Ollscoil Mannheim.
Tugann an rannán seo rochtain ar an ábhar ar fad a foilsíodh faoin ábhar.
