Employment research

Carlos Vacas‑Soriano

Senior research manager

Carlos Vacas Soriano huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Huwa jaħdem fuq suġġetti relatati mal-inugwaljanzi fil-pagi u d-dħul, il-pagi minimi, il-paga baxxa, il-kwalità tax-xogħol, l-impjieg temporanju u s-segmentazzjoni, u l-kwalità tal-impjiegi. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010, huwa ħadem bħala analista makroekonomiku għall-Kummissjoni Ewropea u bħala riċerkatur fis-swieq tax-xogħol Ewropej fil-Bank Ċentrali Spanjol. Huwa għandu MA fl-Istudji Ekonomiċi Ewropej mill-Kulleġġ tal-Ewropa fi Bruges u PhD fl-Ekonomija tax-Xogħol mill-Università ta' Salamanca (Doctor Europaeus).

Suġġetti ta' għarfien espert

Carlos huwa espert fis-suġġetti li ġejjin.

Riżultati tar-riċerka

Carlos huwa l-awtur tal-pubblikazzjonijiet li ġejjin.

Avvenimenti, kummentarju u analiżi

Carlos ikkontribwixxa għall-avvenimenti, l-analiżi tal-blog u l-episodji tal-podcasts li ġejjin.

17 October 2025

Episodju tal-podcast

Is-saħħa mentali tal-Ewropa għadha fi kriżi?

Is-saħħa mentali fl-Ewropa tinsab f'salib it-toroq kritiku. Filwaqt li xi indikaturi tjiebu mill-pandemija, rapport ġdid tal-Eurofound jiżvela xejriet inkwetanti, inkluż waqfien allarmanti għat-tnaqqis ta' għexieren ta' snin fir-rati ta' suwiċidju. F'dan l-episodju ta 'Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey titkellem mal-maniġer tar-riċerka anzjan Hans Dubois dwar din il-kwistjoni kumplessa, u tenfasizza li s-saħħa mentali ħażina qed taffettwa b'mod sproporzjonat gruppi vulnerabbli.

1 May 2025

Episodju tal-podcast

Kif qed jinbidlu l-livelli tal-paga minima fl-Ewropa?

F'dan l-episodju, Mary McCaughey toqgħod bilqiegħda mal-espert tal-Eurofound Carlos Vacas Soriano biex tesplora kif inbidlu l-pagi minimi fl-Ewropa matul is-sena li għaddiet, kif ukoll l-implikazzjonijiet ta' dawn il-bidliet. Is-semmiegħa huma mistiedna jidħlu fil-kumplessitajiet tad-dinamika tal-paga minima tal-Ewropa u l-fatturi li jmexxu dawn il-bidliet. Il-konversazzjoni titfa' dawl ukoll fuq l-implikazzjonijiet usa' tal-bidla fil-paga minima għall-inugwaljanzi fid-dħul u l-ugwaljanza bejn is-sessi.

30 September 2024

Episodju tal-podcast

Il-klassi tan-nofs tal-Ewropa qed tisparixxi?

Mary McCaughey titkellem mal-Maniġer tar-Riċerka tal-Eurofound Carlos Vacas dwar is-sitwazzjoni tal-klassi tan-nofs fl-Ewropa. Huma jħarsu lejn l-iżviluppi matul l-aħħar żewġ deċennji, is-sinifikat tal-adegwatezza tad-dħul u l-ugwaljanza fl-iżvilupp ta' klassi tan-nofs b'saħħitha fl-Ewropa, l-influwenza tal-istat soċjali, kif ukoll ir-rwol sottovalutat tal-familja.

4 March 2024

Episodju tal-podcast

Tackling the gender pay and employment gaps

In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.Despite gender equality being a core principle of the EU, women are less likely to be in employment than men in all EU Member States and are paid less than men in almost every Member State, with the pay gap larger in higher paying jobs. Mary, Carlos, and Barbara discuss what progress has been made on these issues in recent years, the broader consequences of gender inequalities in the world of work, and the challenges that must be addressed if Europe is to meet gender equality targets.

10 January 2024

Episodju tal-podcast

Are minimum wages in Europe adequate and effective?

The latest episode of Eurofound Talks, recorded shortly before Eurofound publishes its harmonised analysis of 2024 minimum wage developments, looks at the changes to minimum wages in 2023. Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound experts Christine Aumayr-Pintar and Carlos Vacas-Soriano about the adequacy of minimum wages in Europe as they stand at the moment, how the EU has sought to improve the situation of low-wage earners through a Directive on adequate minimum wages, and how widespread the issue of minimum wage non-compliance is in the European Union.

15 June 2022

Analiżi tal-blog

How to ensure adequate minimum wages in an age of inflation

Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power among minimum wage earners. On 6 June 2022, the Council of the EU and the European Parliament reached a political agreement on the Directive on adequate minimum wages proposed by the Commission in October 2020. Once formally approved, EU Member States will have to transpose it into national law within two years.

26 October 2021

Analiżi tal-blog

Minimum wage – Yet another gender divide?

While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially deprived households.

8 June 2021

Analiżi tal-blog

Minimum wages rise again, but the pandemic puts a brake on their growth

Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

17 July 2019

Analiżi tal-blog

What will be the impact of the new Spanish minimum wage?

The Socialist-led Spanish government that emerged last summer had, by the end of 2018, approved a hike in the statutory minimum wage. This was agreed with the left-wing Podemos party as part of an attempt to secure the parliamentary support needed for passing the proposed 2019 budget – although failure to do so resulted in the April election. The new minimum wage came into force on 1 January, rising from 14 monthly payments of €735.90 per year to €900 for those in full-time employment.

14 June 2018

Analiżi tal-blog

Germany’s minimum wage has reduced wage inequality

Wages grew and wage inequality fell in most EU countries in 2015. Germany is not one of the countries where wages rose most, but it did have the largest reduction of wage inequality. Our analysis shows that the German minimum wage policy introduced in 2015 strongly lifted the wages of the lowest-paid employees, particularly those employees who were lower-skilled, younger or working in services.

23 June 2017

Analiżi tal-blog

Europe’s shrinking middle class

The Great Recession depressed real income levels across European countries. But the impact was very unequal across countries and income groups. Countries in the European periphery have been more affected than those in the core, halting the process of income convergence between European countries that could be observed pre- crisis.

21 March 2017

Analiżi tal-blog

EU income inequality and the Great Recession

EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

Other members of the Employment research unit

Find more staff members of the Employment research unit below.

Dragoș Adăscăliței

Research officer
Employment research

Dragoș Adăscăliței huwa uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Ir-riċerka attwali tiegħu tiffoka fuq suġġetti relatati mal-futur tax-xogħol, inkluż l-impatt tal-intelliġenza artifiċjali fuq l-impjiegi, il-konsegwenzi tal-awtomazzjoni għall-impjiegi u kwistjonijiet regolatorji madwar l-ekonomija tal-pjattaformi. Huwa wkoll kontributur regolari għal proġetti komparattivi li jimmonitorjaw il-bidliet strutturali fis-swieq tax-xogħol Ewropej. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound, kien lettur fir-Relazzjonijiet tal-Impjiegi fl-Università ta' Sheffield, Management School. Huwa għandu MA fix-Xjenza Politika mill-Università tal-Ewropa Ċentrali u PhD fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Università ta' Mannheim.

Stavroula Demetriades

Senior research manager
Employment research

Stavroula Demetriades hija maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Hija għandha responsabbiltà għar-riċerka fl-oqsma tat-tranżizzjoni ekoloġika u ġusta, id-djalogu soċjali, il-prattiki ta' ġestjoni, l-innovazzjoni u x-xogħol ibridu. Hija għandha PhD fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Università ta' Aalborg, id-Danimarka. Hija għandha wkoll MSc fil-Politiki Ekonomiċi mit-Trinity College Dublin u MSc fl-Iżvilupp Reġjonali mill-Università ta' Ateni. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-1999, hija ħadmet f'istituti ta' riċerka, f'karigi differenti fis-setturi pubbliċi u privati, u wettqet studji organizzattivi u soċjoekonomiċi. L-interessi ewlenin tar-riċerka tagħha jinkludu t-tranżizzjoni ekoloġika u ġusta, il-ġestjoni tar-riżorsi umani, is-sistemi tax-xogħol, l-innovazzjoni, l-impjiegi u d-djalogu soċjali. Hija wkoll professur aġġunt fl-Iskola tan-Negozju fl-University College Dublin.

Garance Hingre

Research support officer
Employment research

Garance Hingre huwa uffiċjal ta' appoġġ għar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Hija tikkontribwixxi prinċipalment għall-ġestjoni tal-bażijiet tad-dejta tal-Monitoraġġ Ewropew tar-Ristrutturar. Qabel dan, hija ħadmet bħala assistenta tar-riċerka fl-ESRI f'Dublin u bħala trainee fir-riċerka fil-Eurofound, it-tnejn fl-unitajiet tal-politika soċjali, li tiffoka prinċipalment fuq l-inugwaljanzi bejn is-sessi. Hija għandha grad ta' Masters fl-Ekonomija Politika mill-London School of Economics and Political Science u grad ta' Baċellerat fix-Xjenzi Politiċi Ewropej mill-ESPOL.

John Hurley

Senior research manager
Employment research

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He contributes to a number of research projects including the European Jobs Monitor and has authored or co-authored over 20 reports as well as journal contributions and edited collections during his time at Eurofound. His main research interests are in the areas of comparative labour market analysis, restructuring and the changing world of work. John is a graduate of both Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin.

Tadas Leončikas

Head of Unit
Employment research

Tadas Leončikas huwa l-Kap tal-Unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound minn Settembru 2022. Qabel dan, huwa kien maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali, imexxi l-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kwalità tal-Ħajja (EQLS) u żviluppa r-riċerka tal-istħarriġ tal-Eurofound. Minn meta ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010, huwa ħadem fuq diversi suġġetti inklużi l-metodi ta' stħarriġ, il-kwalità tal-ħajja, il-mobilità soċjali, l-inklużjoni soċjali, il-fiduċja u n-nuqqasijiet fid-djar. Fil-karriera preċedenti tiegħu, huwa mexxa l-Istitut għall-Istudji Etniċi fil-Litwanja fejn ħadem fuq studji relatati mas-sitwazzjoni tal-minoranzi etniċi, il-migranti u gruppi vulnerabbli oħra. Bħala riċerkatur, huwa kkollabora qabel mal-Aġenzija tal-Unjoni Ewropea għad-Drittijiet Fundamentali, il-Programm ta' Żvilupp tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti u l-Organizzazzjoni Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni. Huwa għandu PhD fis-Soċjoloġija.

Chiara Litardi

Research officer
Employment research

Chiara Litardi hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fit-taqsima tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Hija taħdem fuq suġġetti relatati mar-ristrutturar, l-impjiegi u l-konverġenza 'l fuq. Preċedentement kienet uffiċjal ta' appoġġ għar-riċerka responsabbli għall-ġestjoni tad-dejta, il-kontroll tal-kwalità u l-analiżi tal-bażijiet tad-dejta tal-Monitoraġġ Ewropew tar-Ristrutturar. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2021, hija ħadmet bħala analista fil-Bank Ċentrali Ewropew, tmexxi stħarriġ pan-żona tal-euro u għamlet riċerka dwar l-imġiba tal-pagamenti u l-inklużjoni finanzjarja. Hija għandha Master's degree fl-Ekonomija u l-Finanzi mill-Università LUISS f'Ruma u grad doppju fit-Tekniki Kwantitattivi għall-Ekonomija u l-Ġestjoni (QTEM).

Sarah Pearcey

Administrative assistant
Employment research

Sarah Pearcey hija assistenta amministrattiva u marret fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fl-2022. Sarah ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2012 mill-Kummissjoni Ewropea, fejn ħadmet fil-biċċa l-kbira mill-2001 fi Brussell u f'Dublin. Sarah għandha aktar minn 30 sena esperjenza fi rwoli simili f'ambjenti internazzjonali madwar l-Ewropa u għandha kwalifika fl-Amministrazzjoni tan-Negozju.

Rui Ribeiro

Administrative assistant
Employment research

Rui Ribeiro huwa assistent amministrattiv fit-taqsima tal-Impjiegi. Huwa jassisti fl-iżvilupp u l-implimentazzjoni ta 'diversi proġetti relatati mal-attivitajiet tal-unità. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound, Rui ħadmet prinċipalment fi Brussell, fi rwoli differenti f'diversi organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali bħal Amnesty International, UITP u IHI. Rui għandha BA fl-Istudji Ewropej, MA fil-Politika tal-Iżvilupp u MSc fil-Ġestjoni.

Matteo Sostero

Research officer
Employment research

Matteo Sostero huwa uffiċjal tar-riċerka fit-taqsima tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. L-interessi tar-riċerka tiegħu jinkludu l-bidla okkupazzjonali, bl-użu kemm tad-dejta tal-istħarriġ dwar il-kompiti okkupazzjonali kif ukoll l-intelliġenza tal-ħiliet minn reklami tax-xogħol onlajn, id-diġitalizzazzjoni tax-xogħol, inkluż it-telexogħol, u l-inugwaljanza fil-pagi. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound lejn l-aħħar tal-2023, huwa ħadem fir-riċerka dwar l-impjiegi u l-ħiliet fiċ-Ċentru Konġunt tar-Riċerka tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea, kemm f'Sevilja kif ukoll fi Brussell. Huwa għandu MSc fl-Ekonomija mill-University College London u PhD fl-Ekonomija mill-Iskola Sant'Anna tal-Istudji Avvanzati f'Pisa.

Cesira Urzi Brancati

Research officer
Employment research

Cesira Urzi Brancati hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fit-taqsima tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. L-interessi tar-riċerka tagħha jinkludu l-impatt tat-teknoloġija fuq l-impjiegi u d-diġitalizzazzjoni tax-xogħol, b'enfasi fuq il-pjattaformi tax-xogħol diġitali, is-sorveljanza diġitali u l-ġestjoni algoritmika. Hija tispeċjalizza fil-mikroekonometrija, id-disinn tal-kwestjonarju u l-analiżi tad-dejta tal-istħarriġ. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2024, Cesira ħadmet fiċ-Ċentru Konġunt tar-Riċerka tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea f'Sevilja, fiċ-Ċentru Internazzjonali tal-Lonġevità f'Londra, fl-Università ta' Modena u Reggio Emilia, u fl-Università ta' Turin. Hija għandha Master's degree u PhD fl-Ekonomija Internazzjonali mill-Università ta' Tor Vergata, f'Ruma.

Gijs van Houten

Senior research manager
Employment research

Gijs van Houten huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Huwa għandu għarfien espert speċifiku fil-metodoloġija tal-istħarriġ transnazzjonali u l-analiżi tal-prattiki fuq il-post tax-xogħol u l-istrateġiji organizzattivi. Huwa jmexxi t-task force tal-Eurofound dwar il-ġbir tad-dejta u huwa responsabbli għat-tfassil u l-metodoloġija tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol 2024, li se jkun pass ewlieni fl-istħarriġ futur fil-Eurofound. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010, huwa ħadem fl-Istitut Olandiż għar-Riċerka Soċjali (SCP). Gijs qatta 'sena 'l bogħod fl-2016, jaħdem fiċ-Ċentru ta' Riċerka Pew f'Washington, DC. Huwa għandu Masters fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Università ta 'Radboud Nijmegen u PhD fix-Xjenza Soċjali mill-Università ta' Utrecht.

Christopher White

Survey data support officer
Employment research

Chris White huwa uffiċjal tad-dejta tal-istħarriġ, ibbażat fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound, bil-kompitu li jipprovdi appoġġ għat-tliet stħarriġ tal-Eurofound: l-EWCS, l-EQLS u l-ECS. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound f'Diċembru 2018, huwa ħadem fuq metodi ta' teħid ta' kampjuni u l-analiżi ta' stħarriġ dwar il-familji fl-istituti nazzjonali tal-istatistika tar-Renju Unit u l-Awstralja. Huwa għandu MSc fir-Riċerka Operattiva u l-interessi tar-riċerka tiegħu jinkludu l-integrazzjoni ta 'sorsi ta' stħarriġ u dejta amministrattiva.

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