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Pracovné podmienky a udržateľná práca

Pracovné podmienky a udržateľná práca sú jednou zo šiestich hlavných činností v pracovnom programe nadácie Eurofound na obdobie rokov 2021 – 2024. Nadácia Eurofound bude naďalej pôsobiť ako centrum odborných znalostí na monitorovanie a analyzovanie vývoja v tejto oblasti vrátane informácií o tom, aký má kríza spôsobená ochorením COVID-19 vplyv na pracovné podmienky a kvalitu práce, ako aj na postupy na pracoviskách.

V priebehu rokov 2021 – 2024 poskytne nadácia Eurofound dôležitý pohľad na výzvy a vyhliadky súvisiace s pracovnými podmienkami a udržateľnou prácou v EÚ. Na základe dlhodobých odborných znalostí v tejto oblasti bude nadácia Eurofound skúmať trendy a pokrok v priebehu času a identifikuje vznikajúce obavy spojené s pracovnými podmienkami a kvalitou práce. Analýza bude zahŕňať rôzne krajiny, odvetvia, povolania a skupiny pracovníkov v tematických okruhoch, ako sú napríklad organizácia práce teleprácapracovný časrovnováha medzi pracovným a súkromným životomrovnaké zaobchádzanieochrana zdravia a pohoda na pracoviskuzručnosti a odborná prípravamzda a perspektíva a spokojnosť s prácou. Osobitná pozornosť sa bude venovať neštandardným formám zamestnania, najmä samostatnej zárobkovej činnosti.

Vzhľadom na demografickú výzvu, ktorej EÚ čelí v podobe starnúcej populácie a rastúcej rozmanitosti pracovného života, bude nadácia Eurofound naďalej skúmať faktory umožňujúce zostať väčšiemu počtu zamestnancov dlhšie v zamestnaneckom pomere. Pozornosť sa taktiež zameria na zlepšovanie kvality práce ako faktora väčšej účasti na trhu práce a zvýšenej motivácie zamestnancov, prispievajúceho k udržateľnej práci v priebehu života.

V úzkej spolupráci s Európskou agentúrou pre bezpečnosť a ochranu zdravia pri práci (EU-OSHA) sa budú skúmať súvislosti medzi prácou a zdravím. Eurofound plánuje na základe spolupráce s Medzinárodnou organizáciou práce (ILO) rozvíjať činnosti v otázkach budúcnosti práce a pracovných podmienok na globálnej úrovni.

„Celkovo sú to dobré správy, pretože pracovné podmienky sa v Európskej únii zlepšujú – i keď veľmi pomaly – obavou však je, že sa tak nemusí diať v prípade všetkých skupín zamestnancov. Závisí to v mnohom od odvetvia, v ktorom pracujete, ďalej od dosiahnutého vzdelania a aj od toho, či ste muž alebo žena.“

Barbara Gerstenberger, vedúca oddelenia pre pracovný život

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Kľúčové politické posolstvá

Infografika 2021

Hlavné zistenia vyplývajúce z výskumu nadácie Eurofound slúžia ako podklady pre tvorcov politík pri riešení niektorých kľúčových otázok v tejto oblasti.

  • Pre pracovníkov a zamestnancov má zlepšovanie pracovných podmienok zásadný význam. Čo sa týka kvality práce, je potrebné vziať do úvahy mnoho rôznych aspektov. Kvalitné pracovné miesta ľuďom umožňujú dlhší a lepší pracovný život, čo prispieva k udržateľnosti práce a rovnováhe medzi pracovným a súkromným životom.
  • Pracovné podmienky v EÚ sa vo všeobecnosti zlepšujú, aj keď je tempo pokroku pozvoľné. V prípade niektorých skupín pracovníkov nebol pokrok až taký rýchly. Závisí to od typu pracovnej zmluvy, odvetvia a úrovne dosiahnutého stupňa vzdelania.
  • Existuje mnoho spôsobov ako zlepšiť pracovné podmienky a kvalitu práce v EÚ. Pri stanovovaní rámca prostredníctvom regulácie zohrávajú vlády nepochybne dôležitú úlohu. Dôležitými aktérmi sú však aj zamestnanci a zamestnávatelia a ich organizácie. Miestom, kde dochádza k zmene mnohých aspektov kvality práce je pracovisko.
  • Len jedna pätina európskych podnikov prišla na to, ako dosiahnuť optimálnu pohodu na pracovisku a podnikovú výkonnosť. Ukázalo sa, že pracoviská s „vysokou mierou investícií a zapojenia zamestnancov“ dokážu svojim zamestnancom a zamestnávateľom toho ponúknuť najviac a zároveň zlepšujú výkonnosť a kvalitu práce prostredníctvom zvyšovania samostatnosti zamestnancov, uľahčovania zapojenia zamestnancov a podpory odbornej prípravy a vzdelávania.
  • Mnohí ľudia, najmä rodičia a ostatní opatrovníci, veľmi ťažko dokážu skĺbiť prácu a mimopracovné povinnosti. Pružné formy organizácie práce môžu pomôcť vyriešiť tieto ťažkosti, prinášajú však aj výzvy. Napríklad telepráca ponúka väčšiu slobodu pri výbere času a miesta práce, môže to však viesť aj k tomu, že ľudia pracujú dlhšie a intenzívnejšie a je pre nich ťažšie sa od práce odpojiť.
  • Častejšie využívanie telepráce počas pandémie COVID-19 poukázalo na prekrývanie hraníc medzi pracovným a osobným životom. Mnohé vlády a sociálni partneri diskutujú o iniciatívach zameraných na „právo odpojiť sa“ s cieľom zabrániť tomu, aby boli veľké skupiny pracovníkov vystavené fyzickému a emocionálnemu vyčerpaniu.
  • V budúcnosti by sa mali sociálni partneri zamerať na to, aby ustanovenia o dobrovoľnom charaktere telepráce alebo vhodnosti osobitných úloh na teleprácu zahrnuli do všetkých právnych rámcov alebo dohôd. Dôležité bude objasniť, ako môžu zamestnávatelia prispievať na výdavky spojené s teleprácou, ako aj poskytnúť záruky dodržania zásady rovnakej odmeny a prístupu k odbornej príprave pre osoby, ktoré pracujú na diaľku.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

Across European countries, the ‘employment contract’ has been, and still is, the point of reference for determining the rights and obligations of both workers and employers. When direct subordinated employment is disguised as self-employment, it is termed ‘bogus’. Work can be contracted in several

27 July 2017

Employment relations remain defined vis-à-vis the standard employment relationship (permanent, full-time, direct). Fixed-term contracts are therefore understood as non-standard employment contracts by which an employer hires an employee for a fixed duration. The main difference between permanent and

27 July 2017

Regulated at European level, the posting of workers is a practice used between companies located in different countries A worker is posted when their original employer sends them to work, for a temporary period, in another company. Posting has been defined as a specific form of labour mobility

27 July 2017

Among the fraudulent contracting of work practices, one of the most difficult to identify is the creation of sham companies (usually, in another country). Sham companies are essentially new entities created to disguise the real employer. Creating a company, even abroad, is – of course – legal and

27 July 2017

A traineeship is generally defined as an education and training programme combined with work experience, devised for certain groups – usually unemployed young people. Various types of traineeship are found across EU Member States. Traineeships have recently been actively promoted by the European

27 July 2017

This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

25 July 2017

The ageing of the EU’s population and workforce has implications for employment, working conditions, living standards and welfare. This report draws on the expertise of four EU Agencies in their respective areas, covers the policy challenges associated with the ageing workforce and considers

29 June 2017

In 22 out of 28 EU Member States, a generally applicable statutory minimum wage exists; the level of this minimum wage varies greatly from one country to another. This article provides information on statutory minimum wage levels, how the minimum wage has been determined for 2017 and minimum wage

09 February 2017

Demographic ageing poses the challenge of how to keep people in employment for longer without negatively affecting their health and well-being. The solutions are particularly critical for workers engaged in arduous work. This report examines how mid-career reviews can play a key role by clarifying

17 January 2017

Teachers across Europe have been protesting about their working conditions. Pay levels and pay inequalities, working time and workload, recruitment procedures and staffing at schools have been the main focus of social dialogue and collective action. Several of the reported cases are set in the

09 January 2017

Online resources results (1778)
In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Tina Weber about new research on the right to disconnect, the evolution of the right to disconnect in Europe, the reasons why legislative and procedural actions are being called for, the impacts that effective
15 apríl 2024

Flexible work increases post-pandemic, but not for everyone

Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, various forms of flexible work, such as teleworking and flexitime, were in place across EU Member States. However, the pandemic led to a surge in flexible working practices with many workers wanting to focus on their work–life balance and have more time for

Eurofound presentation to the European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound, 24 January 2023.

23 január 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 október 2022
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COVID-19 in the workplace: Employer’s responsibility to ensure a safe workplace

Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates. Mandatory face masks, physical distancing and hygiene measures were enforced, and the recommendation to telework was largely re-instated in

Female teleworker taking notes during video conference on her laptop

Workers want to telework but long working hours, isolation and inadequate equipment must be tackled

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in telework, with dramatic increases in the number of employees working from home (teleworking) in many European countries. What for many employees started out as a mandatory move seems to have transformed into a preference among the majority for part-time or

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Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by


Blogs results (61)

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change policies will benefit and not disadvantage workers.

2 máj 2024

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 január 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 november 2023

The jury is still out on the question whether men and women are from distinct planets. When it comes to the world of work, however, they are worlds apart.

25 október 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

A worker sitting on the floor

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 január 2023
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 júl 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 jún 2022
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As we leave behind the lockdowns and business disruptions of COVID-19 and enter a ‘new normal’, it is time to talk about how workplaces might be transformed to drive innovation. Some may baulk at this suggestion, as we continue to grapple with the pandemic fallout, but crises have always been a

28 jún 2021
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COVID-19 has shown that some things can hit us out of the blue. The pandemic sent a shockwave through businesses all over the world and has brought massive changes to work organisation, internal communication and day-to-day operations for many companies. Doubtless, the depth of the pandemic’s impact

21 jún 2021

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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