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Diálogo social

El diálogo social puede definirse como el conjunto de negociaciones, consultas, acciones conjuntas, debates y actividades de puesta en común de información en los que participan empleadores y trabajadores. Un diálogo social que funcione adecuadamente constituye una herramienta clave para conformar las condiciones laborales, y en este diálogo intervienen diversos agentes a diferentes escalas. Equilibra los intereses de trabajadores y empresarios y contribuye tanto a la competitividad económica, como a la cohesión social.

Los recientes debates políticos a escala de la UE han puesto de relieve que, en especial a partir de la crisis de 2008, la aparición de nuevos debates sobre la justicia social, la democracia, la calidad del trabajo y los modelos nuevos de relaciones laborales han constituido un desafío para los sistemas tradicionales de relaciones laborales y diálogo social.

Treinta años después de la histórica inauguración del diálogo social europeo en Val Duchesse en Bruselas, la Comisión relanzó el proceso con un «nuevo comienzo del diálogo social» en un evento de alto nivel celebrado el 5 de marzo de 2015 al que acudieron organizaciones de interlocutores sociales de toda Europa. El diálogo social europeo es un instrumento de la política social de la UE, y contribuye directamente a la conformación de la legislación y las políticas comunitarias en materia laboral.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Los encargados de la formulación de políticas necesitan datos acreditativos contrastados para comprender los cambios que se producen en el mercado laboral, y responder a la dinámica de transformación de las relaciones laborales en Europa. Eurofound utiliza los datos y los análisis obtenidos de su Red de corresponsales en los 28 Estados miembros de la UE y Noruega para clasificar tendencias y patrones, y subrayar los ejemplos de diálogo social de adecuado funcionamiento en el ámbito europeo y nacional.

La investigación de Eurofound aborda aspectos como la participación de los trabajadores, la negociación colectiva, la representación de los empleados y las relaciones laborales a todos los niveles. Examina asimismo la medida en que tales relaciones se han adaptado a la aparición y el auge de las organizaciones multinacionales. Adopta además una perspectiva global, y compara en este sentido los sistemas de relaciones laborales y sus resultados en economías al margen de la UE, como las de Estados Unidos y Japón.

Aportaciones fundamentales

Eurofound ha generado un amplio volumen de trabajo a lo largo de los 40 años que ha examinado las numerosas facetas del diálogo social en Europa y sus cambios, a diversas escalas: empresarial, nacional, europea e internacional.

En los últimos años, Eurofound ha llevado a cabo análisis pormenorizados de distintos asuntos fundamentales del diálogo social, como: 

Los estudios sobre representatividad de Eurofound, llevados a cabo en múltiples sectores, con arreglo a un mandato de la Comisión de 2006, proporcionan la información básica necesaria para la constitución y el funcionamiento de los comités sectoriales europeos de diálogo social.

Recursos

Desarrollado en 2005 como herramienta de consulta en línea para encargados de la formulación de políticas y profesionales, el Diccionario europeo de relaciones laborales constituye una valiosa fuente de información sobre empleo y relaciones laborales en la UE. Los perfiles nacionales en materia de relaciones laborales ofrecen información contextual relevante sobre las estructuras, instituciones y normativas que subyacen a la vida laboral en los Estados miembros de la UE28 y Noruega a escala de la Unión.

Con las bases de datos sobre negociación salarial colectiva y salarios, tiempo de trabajo y conflictos colectivos se pretende proporcionar a los investigadores y los encargados de formular políticas información cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre estas cuestiones en el conjunto de los Estados miembros y Noruega desde 2000 hasta la actualidad.

Key outputs

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En los últimos años, salvo algunos picos de actividad intermitentes, se ha observado una disminución general de las protestas laborales en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Durante la...

7 Febrero 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Como parte de su mandato de promover el diálogo entre los interlocutores sociales, Eurofound ha realizado un seguimiento y un análisis de la evolución de los sistemas de relaciones laborales...

11 Diciembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Slovenia: Employers withdraw from social agreement for 2015–2016

Slovenian employer organisations withdrew from the 2015–2016 social agreement at the end of November 2015, after Parliament approved amendments to the law on the minimum wage. Employers said the government had acted unacceptably and arbitrarily in making the changes. Trade unions, however, argue

France: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Government plans to combat high levels of unemployment, controversial revisions to the Labour Code, negotiations about unemployment insurance schemes and the impact of digitalisation on working life are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Luxembourg: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Tax reforms welcomed by social partners, failed negotiations over working time legislation, a slight decrease in unemployment levels, and reforms to parental leave allowance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Latvia: Developments in working life - Q1 2016

Changes in labour and tax legislation, preparations for Latvia’s accession to the OECD and, connected with this, increased political focus on corruption and the shadow economy are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Italy: New Stability Law extends range of tax-exempt benefits

Italy’s 2016 Stability Law supports the uptake of private welfare measures by extending the types of tax-exempt benefits offered by employers to include those agreed through collective bargaining.

Denmark: Tripartite agreement on integration of refugees

On 17 April 2016, the Danish government concluded tripartite negotiations with social partner confederations with an agreement on the integration of refugees. Those with no or few competencies are to be offered internships on apprentice wage level, combined with Danish lessons and the possibility

Finland: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Talks on the Competitiveness Pact, threats to the formation of a new peak-level organisation, and an agreement on a wage freeze are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Finland in the first quarter of 2016.

Croatia: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

​The election of Croatia’s new Prime Minister and government, and serious challenges to public finance over public-sector wages are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Croatia in the first quarter of 2016.

Italy: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Consultation on the renewal of industrial relations regulations, a proposal for a Charter of Universal Labour Rights, new rules on self-employment and 'smart working', and negotiations for the renewal of the collective bargaining agreement in the metalworking sector are the main topics of interest

France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Noviembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junio 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Octubre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Octubre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Abril 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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