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Tá sé mar aidhm ag an bPlean Gníomhaíochta um Cholún Eorpach um Chearta Sóisialta ráta fostaíochta an daonra idir 20 agus 64 bliana d'aois a mhéadú go 78% ar a laghad faoi 2030. Tá gá le beartais chuimsitheacha sa mhargadh saothair arb é is aidhm dóibh rannpháirtíocht grúpaí faoi ghannionadaíocht amhail daoine scothaosta, daoine ar bheagán scileanna nó daoine faoi mhíchumas a mhéadú chun fás fostaíochta cuimsitheach a áirithiú. Ag an am céanna, tá ról lárnach ag Beartais Ghníomhacha sa Mhargadh Saothair (ALMPanna) a bhfuil sé mar aidhm acu deiseanna fostaíochta a mhéadú do chuardaitheoirí poist agus feabhas a chur ar an meaitseáil idir folúntais agus daoine dífhostaithe maidir le dul i ngleic le dífhostaíocht fhadtéarmach agus le neamhréireanna scileanna atá ann cheana. I measc samplaí de ALPanna tá oiliúint, seirbhísí meaitseála poist, fóirdheontais earcaíochta, cruthú post díreach do scéimeanna oibre poiblí nó cláir speisialta atá dírithe ar aistrithe ón scoil go dtí an obair a chinntiú. Tá ról lárnach ag Seirbhísí Fostaíochta Poiblí maidir le ALPanna éifeachtacha a sholáthar agus tacaíocht ioncaim a sholáthar le linn tréimhsí dífhostaíochta.
Faigh an t-ábhar is déanaí ar an ábhar seo thíos.
Is ardán tábhachtach é Comhchruinniú na bPríomhoifigeach Leighis, an Phríomh-Altranais agus na bPríomhoifigeach Fiaclóireachta chun ceannaireacht lucht déanta beartas leighis, altranais agus fiaclóireachta san AE a nascadh. Cuimsíonn an ócáid seo comhdháil dhá lá, cuairt láithreáin ar shaoráid leighis ábhartha agus roinnt seisiún briste amach.
Déanann Eurofound faireachán ar athruithe struchtúracha sa mhargadh saothair trína Faireachán Eorpach ar Phoist (EJM) agus bhFaireachán Eorpach ar Athstruchtúrú (ERM), lena n-áirítear forbhreathnú ar ionstraimí dlí. Déanann taighde imscrúdú ar dhinimic mhargadh an tsaothair, cleachtais cuideachtaí, athstruchtúrú agus rannpháirtíocht na gcomhpháirtithe sóisialta chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar an aistriú glas atá bunaithe ar bheartas, an t-athrú teicneolaíochta atá ag dul chun cinn agus athchumrú domhanda ar shlabhraí soláthair. Tá sé mar aidhm aige fianaise a chur ar fáil chun bonn eolais a chur faoi thuiscint iomaíochas an Aontais agus athléimneacht shocheacnamaíoch a threisiú.
Cuidíonn an fhianaise seo maidir le hathrú struchtúrach sa mhargadh saothair le bonn eolais a chur faoi bheartais mhargadh an tsaothair agus tionscnaimh bheartais thionsclaíocha, ag tairiscint eolas ar uasghrádú nó polarú féideartha post, ar an gcaoi a bhfuil riachtanais tascanna i bpoist ag athrú, agus ar cibé an bhfuil athruithe sa struchtúr fostaíochta ag luasghéarú nó ag moilliú.
Cuidíonn imscrúdú a dhéanamh ar chineálacha nua oibre, lena n-áirítear obair ardáin agus obair soghluaiste TFC-bhunaithe, chun measúnú a dhéanamh ar a leitheadúlacht le himeacht ama, agus ar an gcaoi a mbíonn tionchar ag na deiseanna nó na rioscaí a chruthaíonn siad ar ionchais fostaíochta agus mhargadh an tsaothair do dhaoine atá i gceist. Leanann Eurofound ag nuashonrú a Stór Geilleagair Ardáin le faisnéis maidir le forbairtí agus rialáil na fostaíochta sa chineál seo gníomhaíochta eacnamaíocha.
Léirítear PolicyWatch an AE na bearta a thug rialtais agus comhpháirtithe sóisialta sna Ballstáit isteach chun éifeachtaí na ngéarchéimeanna le déanaí – COVID-19, an cogadh san Úcráin agus boilsciú atá ag ardú – ar ghnólachtaí, ar oibrithe agus ar shaoránaigh a mhaolú. Liostaíonn sé freisin beartais chun tacú leis na haistrithe digiteacha agus glasa, chomh maith le cuideachtaí a gcaithfidh athstruchtúrú a dhéanamh.
Díríonn Airteagal 4 de Cholún Eorpach na gCeart Sóisialta ar thacaíocht ghníomhach don fhostaíocht. Tacaíonn sé leis an gceart chun cúnamh tráthúil agus saincheaptha a fháil chun ionchais fostaíochta nó féinfhostaíochta a fheabhsú, leis an gceart atá ag daoine óga oideachas leanúnach, printíseacht, tréimhse oiliúna nó tairiscint poist a fháil laistigh de cheithre mhí tar éis dóibh a bheith dífhostaithe nó tar éis dóibh an t-oideachas a fhágáil tríd an Ráthaíocht don Aos Óg, chomh maith le ceart daoine dífhostaithe tacaíocht phearsantaithe, leanúnach agus comhsheasmhach a fháil. In 2021, d'eisigh an Coimisiún Eorpach Moladh maidir le Tacaíocht Éifeachtach don Fhostaíocht.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Moladh ón gCoimisiún maidir le Tacaíocht Ghníomhach Éifeachtach don Fhostaíochtopens in new tab (EASE)
Le blianta beaga anuas, ganntanas saothair an príomhfhachtóir a théann i bhfeidhm ar mhargaí saothair san AE agus níos faide i gcéin. I ndiaidh phaindéim COVID-19, tá leitheadúlacht ganntanas saothair anois ina phríomhábhar imní do rialtais agus do chomhpháirtithe sóisialta araon. I measc na bpríomhchúisitheoirí a bhaineann le ganntanas saothair tá athrú déimeagrafach, cáilíocht na bpost agus an t-aistriú glas agus digiteach.
I mí an Mhárta 2024, chuir an Coimisiún Eorpach plean gníomhaíochta i láthair chun dul i ngleic le ganntanas saothair agus scileanna, ina leagtar amach na príomhbhearta ba cheart don Aontas, do na Ballstáit agus do na comhpháirtithe sóisialta a ghlacadh chun a spriocanna 2030 maidir le scileanna agus fostaíocht a bhaint amach.
Is rogha é seo de na torthaí is tábhachtaí don ábhar seo.
10 September 2024
This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to occupations in which shortages are common. Case studies were conducted across sectors and Member States to gain an insight into how organisations deal with recruitment and retention challenges in a tight labour market. The report offers lessons on steps employers can take to fill vacancies, whether acting alone or in partnership with other organisations. It builds on previous Eurofound research that developed a taxonomy of actions employers adopt aimed at addressing labour shortages.
21 May 2024
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
27 March 2023
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
20 July 2021
While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner interventions to tackle labour shortages, such as measures fostering geographical or occupational mobility, addressing skills shortages and underinvestment in skills, improving working and employment conditions, and providing better matching procedures.
18 April 2021
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
24 June 2020
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and impacting the livelihoods of many citizens. Policymakers moved swiftly in an effort to mitigate the social and economic effects on businesses, workers and citizens. Eurofound’s COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database provides information on initiatives introduced to cushion these effects. Drawing on the content of this database of around 500 policy initiatives (April 2020), this report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers, setting this in the context of the evolving labour market situation.
Data: COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch
Soláthraíonn taighdeoirí Eurofound léargas saineolaithe agus is féidir teagmháil a dhéanamh leo le haghaidh ceisteanna nó fiosrúcháin ó na meáin.
Is oifigeach taighde é Dragoș Adăscăliței san aonad Fostaíochta in Eurofound. Díríonn a chuid taighde reatha ar ábhair a bhaineann le todhchaí na hoibre, lena n-áirítear tionchar na hintleachta saorga ar phoist, iarmhairtí uathoibrithe ar fhostaíocht agus saincheisteanna rialála a bhaineann le hobair ardáin. Ina theannta sin, ranníocann sé go rialta le tionscadail chomparáideacha a dhéanann monatóireacht ar athruithe struchtúracha i margaí saothair na hEorpa. Sula ndeachaigh sé isteach in Eurofound, bhí sé ina léachtóir le Caidreamh Fostaíochta in Ollscoil Sheffield, Scoil Bhainistíochta. Tá MA san Eolaíocht Pholaitiúil aige ó Ollscoil Lár na hEorpa agus PhD sa tSocheolaíocht ó Ollscoil Mannheim.
Tina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
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