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Munkaügyi kapcsolatok és szociális párbeszéd

A munkaügyi kapcsolatok és szociális párbeszéd az Eurofound 2021–2024-es időszakra szóló munkaprogramjában szereplő hat fő tevékenység egyike. Az Eurofound a jövőben is szakértői központként fog működni a nemzeti és uniós szintű munkaügyi kapcsolatrendszerekkel és szociális párbeszéddel kapcsolatos fejlemények nyomon követése és elemzése tekintetében. Az Eurofound a nemzeti kapcsolattartói hálózatának szakértelmét igénybe véve továbbra is támogatni fogja a szociális párbeszédet, többek között a Covid19 hatására való tekintettel.

Az Eurofound a következő négy évben fontos meglátásokkal fog szolgálni az EU-ban a munkaügyi kapcsolatok és a szociális párbeszéd terén várható kihívásokról és kilátásokról. Az Eurofound a hosszú múltra visszatekintő szakértelmét felhasználva vizsgálja meg a munkaügyi kapcsolatok szereplőit, folyamatait és legfontosabb eredményeit befolyásoló fejleményeket. Összehasonlítja a munkaügyi kapcsolatok nemzeti rendszereit, ideértve a nemzeti szociális párbeszédet és kollektív tárgyalást is. Az Eurofound az általa 2020-ban létrehozott, a Covid19-cel kapcsolatos uniós PolicyWatch adatbázis alapján nyomon fogja követni a kormányok, szociális partnerek és egyéb szereplők azon szakpolitikai kezdeményezéseit, amelyek a válság társadalmi és gazdasági következményeinek mérséklésére, valamint a helyreállítási erőfeszítések támogatására irányulnak. Az Eurofound továbbra is rendszeresen beszámol a bérmegállapítással, aminimálbérrelés a munkaidővel kapcsolatos fejleményekről, valamint a munkával töltött életszakasz eredményeiről.

Az Eurofound szakértelme támogatást nyújt a szociális partnerek kapacitásépítéséhez, hogy eredményes szociális párbeszéd valósuljon meg, az ügynökség pedig elősegíti az európai szociális párbeszéd kialakítását azáltal, hogy a különböző ágazatokban megvizsgálja a szociális partnerek szervezeteinek reprezentativitását , hogy megállapítsa, alkalmasak-e a párbeszédbizottságokban való részvételre.

„Azért vagyunk, hogy támogassuk a szociális párbeszédet. És úgy gondolom, hogy az általunk végzett adatgyűjtés és kutatás fontos, ha maguknak a szereplőknek segít abban, hogy jobban működhessenek... Az energikus szociális párbeszéd része annak, amit szociális piacgazdaságnak nevezhetünk, és az Európai Unió ezt szeretné megvalósítani.”

David Foden, tanácsadó, munkaügyi kapcsolatok

Topic

Recent updates

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The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to...

2 május 2024
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Annual report

A legfontosabb szakpolitikai üzenetek

Infografika

A szakpolitikai döntéshozók az Eurofound kutatásából származó legfontosabb megállapításokat arra használják fel, hogy megválaszoljanak bizonyos kulcsfontosságú kérdéseket e területtel kapcsolatban.

  • A kollektív tárgyalások révén a szociális partnerek döntő szerepet játszanak abban, hogy az európai munkavállalók tisztességes bánásmódban részesüljenek, míg a munkáltatók egy tartós és kiszámítható kerettel számolhassanak.
  • A bérezésre és a munkakörülményekre vonatkozó közös szabályok létrehozásával az eredményes kollektív tárgyalások biztosítják, hogy a vállalkozások közötti verseny középpontjában ne a kizsákmányolás, hanem a hatékonyság növelése álljon.
  • A társadalmi, munkaerőpiaci és munkaszervezési változásoknak köszönhetően egyre inkább veszélybe kerülnek a munkaügyi kapcsolatrendszerek. Ez kihívásokat teremtett a tagállami munkaügyi kapcsolatrendszerek fő szereplőinek kapacitását illetően.
  • A bérezés vonatkozásában a megállapításokból az derül ki, hogy 10 minimálbéres munkavállaló közül 7 jelezte, hogy a megélhetéssel legalább valamilyen szinten nehézségei vannak, míg a többi munkavállaló esetében ez kevesebb, mint 10-ből 5; ezek a számok azonban országonként nagy eltéréseket mutatnak. Tekintettel a világjárványra, a minimálbérnek ebben a politikamixben az lehet a szerepe, hogy stabilizálja a jövedelmeket és ezáltal a keresletet, hogy ellensúlyozza a recesszióba vagy depresszióba vezető negatív spirált.
  • Az eredményes európai szociális párbeszéd a nemzeti szinttel való szoros kapcsolatoktól függ, így az EU programja továbbra is aktuális, és az uniós autonóm megállapodások végrehajtása észszerűen történik nemzeti szinten.
  • Bár az európai szociális párbeszéd számos közös kezdeményezést eredményezett, kevés megállapodás megkötésére került sor. Bizonyos ágazatokban aggályok merültek fel azzal kapcsolatban, hogy elutasították a szociális partnerek arra irányuló kéréseit, hogy a megállapodásokat európai jogszabályokon keresztül hajtsák végre, és jobb kapcsolatok kialakítására van szükség az uniós és a nemzeti szint között.
  • Számos tagállamban aggodalomra ad okot a szakszervezeti sűrűség tekintetében megfigyelhető csökkenő tendencia. Az EU-ban háromból kevesebb mint egy (10-nél több munkavállalót alkalmazó) munkahely (29%) rendelkezik valamilyen munkavállalói képviselettel. A jogi előírásoknak kulcsfontosságú szerepük van abban, hogy létezik-e munkavállalói képviselet.
  • Az EU-ban a kollektív tárgyalás továbbra is a munkaügyi kapcsolatrendszerek központi elemét alkotja. A szakpolitikai döntéshozóknak meg kell ragadniuk az alkalmat, hogy a Covid19-válság kapcsán új kezdeményezéseket vezessenek be a kollektív tárgyalás előmozdítására, megerősítésére és alátámasztására.
  • Az eredményes szociális párbeszédhez és a jól működő munkaügyi kapcsolatokhoz – a szociális partnerek erőfeszítésein felül – közpénzekre és az állami hatóságok támogatására is szükség van. A szakpolitikai döntéshozóknak fel kell tárniuk az ismeretek átadásának, az erőforrások biztosításának, valamint az uniós és a nemzeti szintű szociális partnerekkel való részvétel új formáit.
  • A tisztességes, jól működő és kiegyensúlyozott munkaügyi kapcsolatok védelme és előmozdítása döntő fontosságú annak biztosításához, hogy az EU-ban inkluzív és fenntartható növekedés és társadalmi haladás menjen végbe. A Covid19 következtében az is fontos lesz a szakpolitikai döntéshozók számára, hogy a szociális jogok európai pillérében meghatározottak szerint integrálják az EU szociális és gazdasági dimenzióit.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects in the area of industrial relations and social dialogue in the EU. With a long-established expertise in this field, Eurofound explores the main developments affecting the actors, processes and key outcomes of industrial relations. It compares national systems of industrial relations, including national social dialogue and collective bargaining. Building on its EU PolicyWatch database created in 2020, Eurofound will monitor policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors to cushion the social and economic fallouts of the crisis, as well as to assist in the recovery efforts. Its regular reporting on pay setting, minimum wage and working time developments, as well as working life outcomes, will be ongoing.

Eurofound’s expertise supports the capacity-building of the social partners to achieve effective social dialogue, and the Agency promotes the development of the European social dialogue by looking at the representativeness of social partner organisations in different sectors to assess their eligibility to participate in social dialogue committees.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist the European institutions, national public authorities and social partners at various levels to address the challenges facing the EU and at national level in the areas of policy formation, social dialogue, collective bargaining and the regulation of employment relations.

The Agency’s work programme is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, Eurofound will support the policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights linked to social dialogue and the involvement of workers, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific findings will be available to inform the European policy debate on minimum wages and pay transparency, as well as on working time. In consultation with the European Commission, Eurofound will continue its focused work on European social dialogue through its series of representativeness studies in selected sectors.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues its national monitoring of trends and developments in industrial relations, social dialogue, collective bargaining and working life regulations and outcomes. 

To support European social dialogue, in 2024 the Agency plans to publish studies on the representativeness of social partner organisations in six sectors: construction, extractive industries, chemical sector, road transport including urban public transport, postal and courier services, and graphical industries. In addition, studies are ongoing on the following sectors: agriculture, temporary agency work, ports, maritime transport, tanning and leather, footwear, sugar, inland waterway transport, central government administration, railways and commerce. Eurofound continues its work on initiatives to support capacity building for effective social dialogue. In 2024, the Agency launches a new phase of Tripartite Exchange Seminars in collaboration with the European Training Foundation, Cedefop and the European Environment Agency.

Eurofound carries out its annual exercise of examining the involvement of national social partners in policymaking, in the context of the European Semester process and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which in 2024 includes findings on the role of tripartite discussions held in Economic and Social Councils in Member States having such bodies. The contribution made by sectoral social partners to the implementation of reforms and investments included in the Recovery and Resilience Plans is also analysed, looking at policy processes that link European and national policy agendas. 

Eurofound’s EU PolicyWatch database continues to capture relevant policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors, including those taken to mitigate the socioeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine, as well as those related to the twin transition.

Work on outcomes in collective bargaining agreements beyond the topic of pay concludes in 2024 and the results and dataset are planned for 2025. Research also concludes on how larger increases in statutory minimum wages affect collective bargaining and collectively agreed wages for low-paid groups. 

Eurofound collaborates with the European Institute for Gender Equality in 2024 to investigate further experiences with the implementation of gender pay transparency measures, with a focus also on those Member States that have recently introduced new legislation, and how the ‘work of equal value principle’ is defined and implemented.

The annual reviews on minimum wages and on working time in the EU continue in 2024. The working life country profiles are also being updated. The ongoing monitoring of industrial relations systems includes regular updates to the European Industrial Relations Dictionary.

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 január 2024
Publication
Work programme
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A minimálbérek 2023. évi éves felülvizsgálata olyan körülmények között készült, amikor egész Európában példátlanul magas volt az infláció. Bár ez számos országban a nominálbérek jelentős emelkedéséhez vezetett, sok esetben ez...

29 június 2023
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (531)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the education sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

15 October 2020

Ennek a jelentésnek az Eurofound és a Cedefop által 2019-ben közösen elvégzett negyedik európai vállalati felmérés (ECS) képezi az alapját. A jelentés az európai vállalatok által a munkaszervezés, az emberierőforrás-menedzsment, a készségek kihasználása, a készségfejlesztés és munkavállalók

13 October 2020

The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in

10 September 2020

This report assesses the role of the social partners in tackling workplace discrimination. Against the background of EU and national anti-discrimination legislation, it highlights the extent to which the need to tackle discrimination on different grounds is on the radar of cross-sectoral social

31 August 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the sea fisheries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

10 August 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the paper sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

04 August 2020

Developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have been among the key drivers of change in working life over the past two decades. Specifically, telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) exemplifies how digital technology has led to more flexible workplace and working time

02 July 2020

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and

24 June 2020

This study examines the interaction between social dialogue practices and human resources management (HRM) policies in European multinational companies (MNCs). It looks at the changing role of HRM and its interaction with European Works Councils (EWCs), which can act as a link between different

16 June 2020

This report investigates the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in designing and implementing reforms and policies in the context of the European Semester 2018–2019 and in the elaboration of the National Reform Programmes. As previously reported by Eurofound, there is a positive

09 June 2020

Online resources results (1768)

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

A new government, the revival of public sector collective bargaining, an increase in the basic salary for civil servants and public employees, and setting the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Germany: New evidence on the scope of service contracts feeds into social partner debate

In the wake of the very heated public debate on service contracts, with unions claiming that workers on such contracts are not treated as fairly as core staff, a new study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) outlines to what extent German companies use these contracts and presents their

United Kingdom: Government launches consultation on worker representatives on company boards

Prime Minister Theresa May first pledged to put worker representatives on the boards of UK companies in July 2016, shortly after taking office. This article outlines the evolution of the proposal, up to the launch on 29 November of the formal process of consultation on corporate governance, and

France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

New collective agreements, ongoing negotiations in three key sectors, discussions about workplace surveillance, plans to improve the education system and an increase in the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Greece: Tripartite strategy for combating undeclared work

Greece’s informal economy is estimated to account for 25% of its gross domestic product. A three-year project to strengthen employment monitoring and inspection, improve tax collection, and educate employers and workers about the benefits of formal work is being led by the ILO, closely supported by

Germany: Labour Minister launches White Paper on the future of work

Federal Labour Minister Andrea Nahles launched a White Paper at the end of November on the future of work, including the controversial issue of working time regulation. Both employers and workers’ representatives favour more flexibility than is allowed by current regulations that stipulate an eight

Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Croatia: New system of trade union training

Between July 2015 and July 2016, a new system of training for union representatives and shop stewards was introduced to modernise union training and enhance social dialogue. The EDUCA project was promoted by the Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia (SSSH) with the support of unions from the

Bulgaria: Recognition of nationally representative employer organisations and trade unions for 2016–2020

The requirements for trade unions and employers’ organisations to claim representativeness have been amended to make eligibility easier to achieve. Using the new criteria, the Council of Ministers formally recognised five employer organisations and two trade unions as nationally representative in a


Blogs results (22)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 június 2022
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With the arrival of the month of May, the 2022 European Semester Spring Package is anticipated soon. After a transformative year in 2021, which saw the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) under NextGenerationEU, the European Semester cycle has resumed its role as the reference

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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 június 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 június 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 október 2020
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The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

1 április 2020
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As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

15 január 2020
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

20 november 2019
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The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

12 november 2019
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

17 július 2019

Upcoming publications results (9)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

June 2024

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

June 2024
Data results (10)

Eurofound publishes gross and nominal statutory minimum wages applicable in EU countries that have a statutory minimum wage.

25 január 2024
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