Ħiliet u taħriġ
'Ħila' għandha diversi tifsiriet. Fil-livell tal-individwu, dan ifisser il-livell attwali ta' kompetenza jew prestazzjoni tal-persuna f'ċertu kompitu; Alternattivament, tirreferi għal kompitu li persuna tista' twettaq f'livell sodisfaċenti. Il-Qafas Ewropew tal-Kwalifiki (QEK) jiddefinixxi l-ħiliet bħala l-abbiltà li wieħed japplika l-għarfien u juża l-għarfien biex jitlesta l-kompiti u jsolvi l-problemi. Il-ħiliet jistgħu jiġu deskritti bħala konjittivi (li jinvolvu l-użu ta' ħsieb loġiku, intuwittiv u kreattiv) jew prattiċi (li jinvolvu destrezza manwali u l-użu ta' metodi, materjali, għodod u strumenti). Fil-livell nazzjonali, dawk li jfasslu l-politika jirreferu għal-livelli ta' ħiliet ta' popolazzjoni; Il-livell, it-tip u n-numru ta' kwalifiki huma tipikament użati bħala prokura għal-livell ta' ħiliet ta' popolazzjoni partikolari. It-taħriġ huwa l-proċess tat-tisħiħ tal-ħiliet, l-attitudnijiet u l-għarfien tal-impjegati sabiex jitjiebu l-livelli ta' kompetenza. It-taħriġ vokazzjonali, inklużi l-apprendistati, jista' wkoll jikkostitwixxi parti mis-sistema edukattiva pprovduta pubblikament.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Stħarriġ Ewropew tal-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol 2024 – Punti Ewlenin
Din l-istorja diġitali tippreżenta l-punti ewlenin mir-rapport ta' ħarsa ġenerali tal-European Working Conditions Survey 2024. Jesplora skoperti ewlenin minn kull kapitlu tar-rapport b'attenzjoni fuq il-forza tax-xogħol Ewropea, il-prattiċi tax-xogħol, il-kejl tal-kwalità tax-xogħol, it-tendenzi matul iż-żmien fil-kwalità tax-xogħol, kif ukoll il-kwalità tal-ħajja tax-xogħol fl-UE.Survey Ewropew tal-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol 2024: Rapport ta' ħarsa ġenerali
Issa fl-għaxar edizzjoni tiegħu, l-European Working Conditions Survey 2024 jimmappa l-bidliet fil-ħajja tax-xogħol fuq aktar minn tletin sena. Dan l-istħarriġ ta' kwalità għolja, ibbażat fuq il-probabbiltà, jkopri 35 pajjiż Ewropew, inklużi 27 Stat Membru tal-UE, Norveġja, Svizzera, Albanija, Bożnija u Erzegovina, Montenegro, Maċedonja ta' Fuq, Kosovo u Serbja. Aktar minn 36,600 intervista wiċċ imb wiċċ, kull waħda ddum madwar 45 minuta, saru bħala parti mis-survey.SME digitalisation in the EU: Trends, policies and impacts
This report discusses the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union, highlighting its importance for their competitiveness and the EU’s economy. The report explores the degree of digitalisation in SMEs in the EU, including the adoption of digital technologies, e-commerce and e-business practices.Il-kisba ta' tqabbil xieraq bejn il-ħiliet u l-kompiti, kif ukoll il-ħolqien ta' opportunitajiet għall-iżvilupp tal-ħiliet u l-kompetenzi huma dimensjonijiet importanti tal-kwalità tax-xogħol u l-impjiegi. Il-ħiliet huma l-passaport għall-impjieg; The better skilled an individual, the more employable they are. L-impjegabbiltà hija taħlita ta' fatturi, bħall-ħiliet speċifiċi għax-xogħol u l-ħiliet trasversali, li jippermettu lill-individwi jidħlu fl-impjieg, jibqgħu fl-impjieg u javvanzaw fil-karrieri tagħhom.
Il-Eurofound jipprovdi għarfien estensiv dwar il-ħiliet fuq il-post tax-xogħol Ewropew, inkluża informazzjoni dwar it-taħriġ, l-organizzazzjoni tax-xogħol u t-tfassil tal-impjiegi, il-kwalità tal-impjiegi u n-nuqqas ta' tlaqqigħ tal-ħiliet. Il-ħiliet u l-ħtiġijiet ta' taħriġ jidhru wkoll fir-riċerka dwar l-era diġitali u x-xogħol fuq il-pjattaformi.
Il-parteċipazzjoni sostnuta fis-suq tax-xogħol hija appoġġjata mill-ewwel prinċipju ewlieni tal-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali li jiddeskrivi l-importanza taż-żamma u l-kisba tal-ħiliet biex jiġu żgurati "opportunitajiet indaqs u aċċess għas-suq tax-xogħol". Jiddikjara li kulħadd għandu d-dritt għal "edukazzjoni, taħriġ u tagħlim tul il-ħajja ta' kwalità u inklużivi sabiex iżomm u jikseb ħiliet li jippermettulu jipparteċipa bis-sħiħ fis-soċjetà u jimmaniġġja b'suċċess it-tranżizzjonijiet fis-suq tax-xogħol". Kif deskritt aktar fil-Patt Ekoloġiku Ewropew, it-taħriġ mill-ġdid u t-titjib tal-ħiliet se jtejbu l-impjegabbiltà fl-ekonomija ekoloġika permezz ta' miżuri bħall-Aġenda għall-Ħiliet u l-Garanzija għaż-Żgħażagħ.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea adottat l-ewwel Aġenda għall-Ħiliet għall-Ewropa f'Ġunju 2016, imfassla biex tagħmel it-taħriġ, il-ħiliet u l-appoġġ it-tajbin disponibbli għan-nies fl-UE. Abbażi ta' dan, fl-1 ta' Lulju 2020 il-Kummissjoni adottat l-Aġenda Ewropea għall-Ħiliet il-ġdida għall-kompetittività sostenibbli, il-ġustizzja soċjali u r-reżiljenza. It-12-il azzjoni tagħha jiffukaw fuq objettivi għat-titjib tal-ħiliet eżistenti u t-taħriġ f'ħiliet ġodda, u jiddeskrivu l-miri li għandhom jintlaħqu sal-2025. Il-pandemija tal-COVID-19 enfasizzat ir-rwol kruċjali tal-ħiliet u l-kompetenzi diġitali fl-iżgurar tal-kontinwità tan-negozju, kif ukoll fl-għoti ta' edukazzjoni u taħriġ mill-bogħod. Il-Kummissjoni issa qed tpoġġi l-ħiliet fil-qalba tal-aġenda politika tal-UE biex tgħin biex jinkiseb irkupru sostenibbli mill-impatt tal-COVID-19.
Il-Kummissjoni ddedikat l-2023 bħala s-Sena Ewropea tal-Ħiliet, bil-għan li tqajjem kuxjenza dwar il-ħiliet u l-ħtieġa li jittejbu u jiġu żviluppati l-ħiliet biex jiġu indirizzati n-nuqqasijiet tal-ħiliet, filwaqt li tgħin ukoll lin-nies jiksbu l-ħiliet it-tajba għal impjiegi ta' kwalità tajba permezz ta' taħriġ mill-ġdid u titjib tal-ħiliet.
Dan jappoġġja l-inizjattivi tal-UE li diġà għaddejjin biex jappoġġjaw il-ħiliet u t-taħriġ. Fl-1 ta' Lulju 2020, il-Kummissjoni nediet il-pakkett ta' Appoġġ għall-Impjiegi taż-Żgħażagħ li huwa strutturat madwar erba' fergħat li se jipprovdu pont għall-impjiegi għall-ġenerazzjoni li jmiss. Il-proposta tal-Kummissjoni għal Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar "Pont għall-impjiegi" issaħħaħ il-Garanzija għaż-Żgħażagħ imnedija fl-2013. Din l-inizjattiva torbot mal-ħtiġijiet tal-kumpaniji biex jipprovdu l-ħiliet meħtieġa, b'mod partikolari għat-tranżizzjonijiet ekoloġiċi u diġitali, flimkien mal-iżvilupp ta' ħiliet trasversali, bħal ħiliet intraprenditorjali u ta' ġestjoni tal-karriera. Il-pakkett jinkludi wkoll proposta dwar l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ vokazzjonali, impetu mġedded għall-apprendistati u miżuri addizzjonali biex jappoġġjaw l-impjieg taż-żgħażagħ.
Fit-8 ta' Ġunju 2020, il-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea adotta konklużjonijiet dwar it-taħriġ mill-ġdid u t-titjib tal-ħiliet bħala bażi biex tiżdied is-sostenibbiltà u l-impjegabbiltà, fil-kuntest tal-appoġġ għall-irkupru ekonomiku u l-koeżjoni soċjali.
Il-Kummissjoni, flimkien mal-Aġenzija tal-UE Cedefop, nediet il-websajt tal-Panorama tal-Ħiliet tal-UE fl-2012 biex tippreżenta informazzjoni dwar il-ħtiġijiet tal-ħiliet fuq medda qasira u medja ta' żmien, il-provvista tal-ħiliet u n-nuqqas ta' tlaqqigħ tal-ħiliet fl-UE. Kellha l-għan li ttejjeb il-kapaċità tal-UE li tivvaluta u tantiċipa l-ħtiġijiet tal-ħiliet biex is-sistemi tal-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ isiru aktar reattivi għall-ħtiġijiet tas-suq tax-xogħol u biex tqabbel aħjar il-provvista u d-domanda tal-ħiliet. Is-Cedefop bħalissa huwa responsabbli għall-produzzjoni ta' informazzjoni dwar il-ħiliet tal-UE.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali f'20 prinċipjuopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Is-Sena Ewropea tal-Ħiliet 2023opens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Aġenda għall-Ħiliet għall-Ewropaopens in new tab
EUR-Lex: Proposta tal-Kummissjoni għal Rakkomandazzjoni tal-Kunsill dwar l-edukazzjoni u t-taħriġ vokazzjonali (ETV)opens in new tab
Il-Kunsill tal-Unjoni Ewropea: Konklużjonijiet tal-Kunsill dwar it-taħriġ mill-ġdid u t-titjib tal-ħiliet bħala bażi biex tiżdied is-sostenibbiltà u l-impjegabbiltàPDFopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Kummissjoni tniedi l-Appoġġ għall-Impjiegi taż-Żgħażagħ: pont għall-impjiegi għall-ġenerazzjoni li jmissopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
10 September 2024
Company practices to tackle labour shortages
This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to occupations in which shortages are common. Case studies were conducted across sectors and Member States to gain an insight into how organisations deal with recruitment and retention challenges in a tight labour market. The report offers lessons on steps employers can take to fill vacancies, whether acting alone or in partnership with other organisations. It builds on previous Eurofound research that developed a taxonomy of actions employers adopt aimed at addressing labour shortages.
30 March 2023
Fostering skills use for sustained business performance: Evidence from the European Company Survey
Human resources contribute to the success of an organisation though their skills. According to the ability, motivation, opportunity (AMO) model, employee contributions to organisational performance depend on their skills, their motivation to draw on their skills, and the opportunities to do so. Organisations can adopt managerial approaches cultivating ability (A) by facilitating learning, creating opportunity (O) by providing employees with autonomy, and encouraging motivation (M) by leveraging monetary and non-monetary motivational drivers.
This report is based on the 2019 European Company Survey (ECS 2019). It shows that managerial approaches cultivating AMO are positively linked to establishment performance, and that these approaches are driven by an organisational culture that values employees as an asset to the organisation. People-centred managerial approaches that harness workplace wellbeing are central to the mechanism linking human capital utilisation to business outcomes.
27 March 2023
Measures to tackle labour shortages: Lessons for future policy
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
29 November 2022
Working conditions in the time of COVID-19: Implications for the future
The strict public health restrictions implemented by governments in 2020 to control the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly changed working life and continued to shape it over the two years that followed. Between March and November 2021, over 70,000 interviews were carried out in 36 countries by the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), a high-quality probability-based survey. The aim was to provide a detailed picture of the working lives of Europeans in that exceptional time.
The report documents the working conditions of Europeans in 2021. It examines variation in job quality and identifies its positive association with well-being, health, work engagement and the financial sustainability of work. It highlights the divergences in the experiences of workers depending on workers’ own attributes and their place in the workforce. From this analysis, the report aims to derive lessons for the future, particularly in relation to the enduring marks on how we work and the implications for work organisation, the quality of work, and the interaction between work and private life.
20 July 2021
Tackling labour shortages in EU Member States
While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner interventions to tackle labour shortages, such as measures fostering geographical or occupational mobility, addressing skills shortages and underinvestment in skills, improving working and employment conditions, and providing better matching procedures.
30 June 2021
Innovation in EU companies: Do workplace practices matter?
The EU has long supported innovation in business and in workplaces. The challenges facing Europe as it emerges from the COVID-19 crisis make the need for innovation more urgent. The NextGenerationEU recovery package requires a reorientation of business activities towards innovation for resilience. Looking to the longer term, policies such as the European Industrial Strategy aim to support the transition to a green and digital economy.
Against this background, this policy brief investigates the workplace practices of innovative companies and examines the evidence linking them with innovation. These practices aim to encourage employees to work and problem-solve independently, to develop their skills, to include them in organisational decision-making, to motivate them to surpass their job description and to reward them for doing so. Analysis of these workplace practices can improve understanding of how they contribute to increasing the innovation potential of companies. It also provides an evidence base to support the work of policymakers and practitioners.
12 October 2020
European Company Survey 2019 - Workplace practices unlocking employee potential
This report is based on the fourth edition of the European Company Survey (ECS), which was carried out jointly by Eurofound and Cedefop in 2019. It describes a wide range of practices and strategies implemented by European companies in terms of work organisation, human resource management, skills use and skills development, and employee voice. The report shows how these practices are combined and how the resulting ‘bundles of practices’ are associated with two outcomes beneficial to employees and employers: workplace well-being and establishment performance.
The analysis finds that the establishments that are most likely to generate this win–win outcome are those that combine a high degree of worker autonomy, a balanced motivational strategy, a comprehensive training and learning strategy, and high levels of direct employee involvement in decision-making, as well as offering managerial support for these practices. To boost the adoption of employee-oriented practices – particularly in relation to autonomy, skills and employee involvement – managers should be offered appropriate support, as they play a key role in the decision to initiate workplace change. They are also crucial to its success, as they must continuously support the workplace practices implemented.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Gijs van Houten
Senior research managerGijs van Houten huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjiegi fil-Eurofound. Huwa għandu għarfien espert speċifiku fil-metodoloġija tal-istħarriġ transnazzjonali u l-analiżi tal-prattiki fuq il-post tax-xogħol u l-istrateġiji organizzattivi. Huwa jmexxi t-task force tal-Eurofound dwar il-ġbir tad-dejta u huwa responsabbli għat-tfassil u l-metodoloġija tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kundizzjonijiet tax-Xogħol 2024, li se jkun pass ewlieni fl-istħarriġ futur fil-Eurofound. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound fl-2010, huwa ħadem fl-Istitut Olandiż għar-Riċerka Soċjali (SCP). Gijs qatta 'sena 'l bogħod fl-2016, jaħdem fiċ-Ċentru ta' Riċerka Pew f'Washington, DC. Huwa għandu Masters fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Università ta 'Radboud Nijmegen u PhD fix-Xjenza Soċjali mill-Università ta' Utrecht.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
