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Diálogo social

O diálogo social inclui as negociações, consultas, ações conjuntas, discussões e intercâmbio de informações entre empregadores e trabalhadores. Um diálogo social eficaz, envolvendo uma série de atores a vários níveis, é um elemento-chave para moldar as condições de trabalho. Permite conciliar os interesses de trabalhadores e empregadores e contribui tanto para a competitividade económica como para a coesão social.

Os recentes debates políticos ao nível da UE sublinharam que, sobretudo desde a crise de 2008, o surgimento de novos debates sobre justiça social, democracia, qualidade do trabalho e novos modelos de relações de trabalho tem vindo a pôr em causa as tradicionais relações laborais e os tradicionais sistemas de diálogo social.

Trinta anos após a histórica inauguração do diálogo social europeu em Val Duchesse, Bruxelas, a Comissão instituiu um novo começo para o diálogo social num evento de alto nível que reuniu, em 5 de março de 2015, organizações de parceiros sociais oriundas de toda a Europa. O diálogo social europeu é um instrumento da política social da UE que contribui diretamente para moldar a legislação e as políticas laborais da UE.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Trabalho da Eurofound

Os decisores políticos necessitam de factos concretos para compreenderem as alterações que ocorrem no mercado de trabalho e para responderem à dinâmica das mudanças das relações laborais na Europa. A Eurofound utiliza dados e análises recolhidos a partir da sua rede de correspondentes dos 28 Estados-Membros e da Noruega para definir tendências e padrões e identificar exemplos de processos eficazes de diálogo social a nível europeu e nacional.

O seu trabalho de investigação incide sobre aspetos como a participação dos trabalhadores, a negociação coletiva, a representatividade dos trabalhadores e as relações laborais a todos os níveis. Examina até que ponto as relações laborais se adaptaram ao surgimento das organizações multinacionais. A comparação entre sistemas assenta, além disso, numa perspetiva global, tomando em consideração as relações laborais e os resultados económicos fora da UE (por exemplo, dos EUA e do Japão).

Principais contributos

Ao longo de 40 anos, a Eurofound tem vindo a desenvolver um extenso trabalho que retratou as muitas e mutáveis facetas do diálogo social que ocorre na Europa a vários níveis: empresarial, nacional, europeu e internacional.

Nos últimos anos, a Eurofound analisou profundamente várias questões que se encontram no cerne do diálogo social, entre as quais: 

Os estudos de representatividade da Eurofound, transversais a vários setores e conformes com o mandato que lhe foi conferido pela Comissão Europeia em 2006, fornecem as informações básicas necessárias para a definição e funcionamento dos comités de diálogo social setorial europeu.

Recursos

Desenvolvido em 2005 como uma ferramenta de referência em linha destinada a decisores políticos e profissionais, o Dicionário Europeu de Relações Laborais é um valioso depósito de informações sobre emprego e relações laborais na UE. Os perfis por país relativos à vida profissional fornecem informação contextualizada sobre estruturas, instituições e regulamentos relacionados com a vida ativa nos 28 Estados-Membros e na Noruega e ao nível da UE.

As bases de dados sobre negociação salarial coletiva e salários, tempo de trabalho e conflitos coletivos têm como objetivo proporcionar aos investigadores e decisores políticos informações quantitativas e qualitativas sobre estes tópicos em todos os Estados-Membros e na Noruega desde 2000 até ao presente.

Key outputs

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Nos últimos anos, para além de alguns picos intermitentes, tem havido uma diminuição geral das ações coletivas em todos os Estados-Membros da UE. Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, esta tendência...

7 Fevereiro 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Março 2021
Publication
Other
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No âmbito do seu mandato para promover o diálogo entre parceiros sociais, a Eurofound acompanha e analisa a evolução dos sistemas de relações laborais a nível da UE e nos...

11 Dezembro 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

New national agreement on continuing training

At the end of 1996, the major trade unions and employers' associations signed the Second National Agreement on Continuing Training (II Acuerdo Nacional de Formación Continua), which was later endorsed by a tripartite agreement between these organisations and the Government. The new agreements build

Apparent breakdown of Belgian central bargaining

For the first time since 1960, the Belgian social partners have failed to reach an intersectoral pay agreement and have instead accepted government imposition of measures on employment and maximum pay increases. This development runs counter to all traditions of free collective bargaining and the

Employers and unions adopt positions on labour market reform

Employers and unions want to reduce the amount of temporary recruitment and the number of types of employment contract. They also want to increase their freedom to negotiate labour market issues through collective bargaining. These are the key issues in the current debate over a new round of labour

The 1997 bargaining round previewed

The majority of Norwegian wage agreements are of two years' duration, and the current settlements will expire during 1998. However, issues relating to remuneration will be renegotiated at central level in 1997. Most of the agreements between LO (the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions or

Unemployment as the focus for collective bargaining at national level

In recent years pressure has mounted on all parties involved to rethink and revise the traditional policies and practices of Greek industrial relations as well as to promote social dialogue between employers and employees. As a result of changing conditions, some believe that a new era in industrial


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembro 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junho 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Outubro 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Março 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Outubro 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Abril 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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