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Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă

Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă reprezintă una din cele șase activități principale din programul de activitate al Eurofound pentru perioada 2021-2024. Eurofound va continua să funcționeze ca centru de expertiză pentru urmărirea și analiza evoluțiilor din acest domeniu, inclusiv a efectului crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra condițiilor de muncă și calității locurilor de muncă, precum și asupra activității profesionale.

În perioada 2021-2024, Eurofound va oferi informații importante cu privire la provocările și perspectivele legate de condițiile de muncă și de munca durabilă în UE. Pe baza competenței dobândite de mult timp în acest domeniu, Eurofound va analiza tendințele și progresele de-a lungul timpului și va identifica preocupările emergente legate de condițiile de muncă și de calitatea locurilor de muncă. Analiza va cuprinde diferite țări, sectoare, ocupații și categorii de lucrători pe teme ca organizarea muncii și telemuncaprogramul de lucruechilibrul dintre viața profesională și viața personalătratamentul egalsănătatea și starea de bine la locul de muncăcompetențe și formarevenituri și perspective și satisfacția muncii. Formele atipice de muncă vor constitui o temă specială, în special activitatea independentă.

Având în vedere dificultatea demografică pe care o reprezintă pentru UE îmbătrânirea populației și diversitatea din ce în ce mai mare a vieții profesionale, Eurofound va continua să examineze factorii care favorizează rămânerea lucrătorilor cât mai mult timp în câmpul muncii. Va aduce, de asemenea, în centrul atenției îmbunătățirea calității muncii ca factor favorizant pentru creșterea ratei de activitate și creșterea motivației angajaților, care contribuie la munca sustenabilă de-a lungul vieții.

Legăturile dintre muncă și sănătate vor fi analizate în strânsă consultare cu Agenția Europeană pentru Securitate și Sănătate în Muncă (EU-OSHA). Eurofound își propune să valorifice colaborarea sa cu Organizația Internațională a Muncii (OIM) cu privire la aspecte legate de viitorul muncii și al condițiilor de muncă la nivel mondial.

„Veștile sunt în general bune, deoarece condițiile de muncă din Uniunea Europeană se îmbunătățesc — deși foarte încet — dar problema este că acest lucru nu este neapărat valabil pentru toate categoriile de lucrători. Depinde foarte mult în ce sector lucrați, depinde de nivelul de studii și, sincer, depinde și dacă sunteți bărbat sau femeie.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, șefa unității „Viața profesională”

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Principalele mesaje de politică

Infografic 2021

Principalele constatări ale cercetării Eurofound sunt o contribuție la abordarea unor aspecte-cheie din acest domeniu de către factorii de decizie politică.

  • Îmbunătățirea condițiilor de muncă este esențială pentru lucrători și angajatori. Trebuie luate în considerare numeroase aspecte diferite în ceea ce privește calitatea locurilor de muncă. Locurile de muncă de bună calitate le permit oamenilor să aibă o viață profesională mai lungă și mai bună, contribuind la o activitate durabilă și la un echilibru pozitiv între viața profesională și cea personală.
  • În general, condițiile de muncă din UE se îmbunătățesc, chiar dacă ritmul progreselor este treptat. Pentru anumite categorii de lucrători, progresele nu au fost așa de rapide, în funcție de tipul de contract de muncă, de sector și de nivelul de instruire.
  • Există multe mijloace de îmbunătățire a condițiilor de muncă și a calității locurilor de muncă în UE. Guvernele au, desigur, un rol important de jucat în stabilirea cadrului pe calea reglementării. Dar și lucrătorii, angajatorii și organizațiile lor sunt actori importanți. În multe privințe ale calității locului de muncă, schimbările se produc la locul de muncă.
  • Doar o cincime din întreprinderile europene au găsit secretul nivelului optim de stare de bine la locul de muncă și de performanță economică. S-a demonstrat că locurile de muncă cu grad mare de dedicare și implicare oferă cele mai bune rezultate pentru lucrători și angajatori, mărind performanța și îmbunătățind calitatea locurilor de muncă prin creșterea autonomiei angajaților, facilitarea implicării angajaților și promovarea formării și învățării.
  • Multora le este greu să împace îndatoririle profesionale cu cele neprofesionale, în special părinților și altor îngrijitori. Deși formulele flexibile de lucru pot contribui la soluționarea acestor dificultăți, ele comportă și probleme. Munca la distanță, de exemplu, permite mai multă libertate în alegerea momentului și locului de muncă, dar poate duce și la un program prelungit și intensitate mai mare a muncii și deconectarea mai dificilă de muncă.
  • Creșterea incidenței telemuncii în timpul pandemiei COVID-19 a evidențiat estomparea granițelor dintre viața profesională și cea personală. Multe guverne și mulți parteneri sociali discută introducerea de inițiative ca „dreptul la deconectare” pentru a evita riscul de epuizare fizică și emoțională pentru segmente mari de lucrători.
  • Pe viitor, partenerii sociali ar trebui să vizeze includerea în cadre sau acorduri juridice a unor dispoziții pentru lucrători cu privire la caracterul voluntar al telemuncii sau la adecvarea sarcinilor specifice pentru munca la distanță. Vor fi esențiale, de asemenea, clarificarea modului în care angajatorii pot contribui la cheltuielile ocazionate de munca de acasă, precum și garantarea remunerării egale și a accesului la formare pentru cei care lucrează de la distanță.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

The first issue of the new BEST reports on Foundation research into urban time policies in five Member States which identified and analysed innovative cases involving the synchronisation of various time policies (working hours, school time and shop opening hours). The study highlights the case of

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A summary of the results of research on the relationship between employment status and health. A bibliographic review was undertaken and data from the 1996 Second European Survey on Working Conditions complemented by Eurostat data was also analysed.

03 August 1999

Precarious employment not only covers employees with fixed term and temporary contracts (and some categories of self-employed workers) but also workers with low incomes and/or short working hours. This publication describes the extent, consequences and reasons for precarious employment in order to

17 February 1999

This document summarises the findings of the second European survey on working conditions with regard to gender differences in the workplace. With these reports the Foundation hopes to provide policy makers with a better understanding of the problems to overcome in order to promote gender sensitive

16 March 1998

This summary is based on an analysis of findings of the second European survey on working conditions conducted in 1996. The survey findings show that stress and musculo-skeletal disorders are the main health risks at work and highlights the need for a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach to the

16 March 1998

The second European survey on working conditions (1996) shows the increase in the intensity of work. At the same time, workers' control over their work remains low. These two trends may explain why one-third of workers report stress. This report provides policy makers with information on stress

03 March 1998

The survey presented here was carried out in 1991. It was based on direct interviews with 12,500 workers, both employees and the self-employed, throughout the 12 member states of the European Community. The sample is representative of the distribution of the labour force between sectors, males and

02 February 1993

Online resources results (1778)

Germany: New evidence on the scope of service contracts feeds into social partner debate

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Bulgaria: CITUB analyses violations of labour rights in 2015

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Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

Croatia: New system of trade union training

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Since 2013, trade union ver.di has been recruiting members among employees of Amazon and has campaigned for better wages and working conditions. Amazon opposes all collective bargaining but argues that it is a socially responsible employer. A new round of stoppages by ver.di members demanding a

Norway: Strike in rail sector settled and new rules coming down the line

Industrial action that disrupted operations on Norwegian railways for five weeks in autumn 2016 was settled, with the government agreeing to reframe the national regulations for train drivers’ qualifications ahead of the planned privatisation of much of the rail network in 2017.

Netherlands: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

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Lithuania: Job quality and working conditions of home care workers

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28 Iunie 2021
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Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

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March 2025

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September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

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