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Dialogul social

Dialogul social poate fi definit ca demersul alcătuit din negocieri, consultări, acțiuni comune, discuții și schimb de informații care implică angajatori și lucrători. Un dialog social funcțional este un instrument-cheie în modelarea condițiilor de muncă, implicând o varietate de actori de la diferite niveluri. Dialogul social asigură echilibrul dintre interesele lucrătorilor și ale angajatorilor și contribuie atât la competitivitatea economică, cât și la coeziunea socială.

Dezbaterile politice recente de la nivelul UE au reliefat faptul că, în special după criza din 2008, au apărut noi teme de discuție privind justiția socială, democrația, calitatea muncii și noile modele de relații de muncă, care contracarează supremația relațiilor de muncă și a sistemelor de dialog social de tip tradițional.

La 30 de ani de la inaugurarea istorică a dialogului social european la Val Duchesse din Bruxelles, Comisia a relansat procesul unui nou început al dialogului social, în cadrul unui eveniment la nivel înalt care a reunit organizații ale partenerilor sociali din întreaga Europă, la 5 martie 2015. Dialogul social european constituie un instrument al politicii sociale a UE, care contribuie direct la modelarea legislației și a politicilor UE în domeniul muncii.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Activitatea Eurofound

Factorii de decizie au nevoie de dovezi solide pentru a înțelege schimbările care au loc pe piața muncii și a putea reacționa în fața dinamicii în schimbare a relațiilor de muncă din Europa. Pentru a cartografia tendințele și tiparele și pentru a pune în evidență exemple de dialog social funcțional atât la nivel european, cât și la nivel național, Eurofound utilizează date și analize provenite din rețeaua sa de corespondenți din cele 28 de state membre ale UE și din Norvegia.

Cercetările efectuate de Eurofound analizează aspecte ca: participarea lucrătorilor, negocierea colectivă, reprezentarea angajaților și relațiile de muncă de la toate nivelurile. Eurofound examinează măsura în care relațiile de muncă s-au adaptat în fața apariției organizațiilor multinaționale. De asemenea, este nevoie de o perspectivă globală, care să compare sistemele de relații de muncă și rezultatele obținute în cadrul unor sisteme economice din afara UE, precum SUA și Japonia.

Principalele contribuții

Pe parcursul a peste 40 de ani, Eurofound a realizat un volum mare de lucrări care au evidențiat aspecte numeroase și în schimbare ale dialogului social din Europa, la diverse niveluri: la nivel de întreprindere, la nivel național, european și internațional.

În ultimii ani, Eurofound a efectuat analize aprofundate ale diverselor teme aflate în centrul dialogului social, cum ar fi: 

Studiile privind reprezentativitatea realizate de Eurofound în mai multe sectoare, în baza unui mandat primit din partea Comisiei în 2006, furnizează informațiile de bază necesare pentru înființarea și funcționarea comitetelor de dialog social sectorial european.

Resurse

Elaborat în 2005 ca instrument de referință online pentru factori de decizie și practicieni, dicționarul relațiilor de muncă europene constituie un depozit valoros de informații privind ocuparea forței de muncă și relațiile de muncă în UE. Profilurile de țară cu privire la viața profesională oferă informații contextuale relevante referitoare la structurile, instituțiile și reglementările care stau la baza vieții profesionale în statele membre ale UE-28 și în Norvegia, precum și la nivelul UE.

Bazele de date privind negocierea colectivă a salariilor și salariile, timpul de lucru și litigiile colective urmăresc să le ofere cercetătorilor și factorilor de decizie informații cantitative și calitative despre aceste subiecte, din toate statele membre și din Norvegia, începând din 2000 până în prezent.

Key outputs

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În ultimii ani, cu excepția câtorva creșteri intermitente, a existat în general o scădere a acțiunilor sindicale în statele membre. În timpul pandemiei de COVID-19, această tendință a continuat, iar...

7 Februarie 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Martie 2021
Publication
Other
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Ca parte a mandatului său de promovare a dialogului între partenerii sociali, Eurofound monitorizează și analizează evoluțiile sistemelor de relații de muncă la nivelul UE și în statele membre ale...

11 Decembrie 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

This document examines the process of assessing the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. It summarises the findings from a comprehensive study on representativeness in this sector. The study identifies ETF, ECA an

20 December 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the textile and clothing sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

20 December 2022

This document examines the process of assessing the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the textile and clothing sector. It summarises the findings from a comprehensive study on representativeness in this sector. The study identifies Indus

20 December 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

02 December 2022

Acest raport analizează rolul dialogului social și al negocierii colective în abordarea provocărilor cu care s-a confruntat sectorul aviației civile în timpul pandemiei de COVID-19. Implicarea partenerilor sociali în măsurile introduse pentru a atenua impactul negativ al pandemiei variază de la o

01 December 2022

Acest raport analizează rolul dialogului social și al negocierii colective în abordarea provocărilor create sau exacerbate de pandemia de COVID-19 în sectorul spitalicesc. Raportul analizează, de asemenea, dacă procedurile de dialog social și de negociere colectivă existente la nivel național au

01 December 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

23 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the gas sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the

06 September 2022

Prezentul raport analizează evoluțiile recente și practicile emergente în procesele de negociere colectivă și rezultatele acestora, în special în sectorul privat. Raportul prezintă sistemele de negociere colectivă din 10 state membre ale UE și se bazează pe cazuri identificate prin interviuri cu

31 August 2022

Online resources results (435)

Spain: Milestone agreement in retail sector

An agreement between social partners in the Spanish retail sector will govern working and employment conditions for the next three years. About 260,000 employees are expected to benefit from this agreement, which is likely to set the standards for other sector agreements due to be negotiated during

France: Occupational personal accounts take effect

Occupational personal accounts, one of the flagship measures of France’s labour market reforms, took effect on 1 January 2017. The aim is to enable people to acquire entitlements to training without fear of losing them if they change employer.

EU level: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Issues related to the European Commission’s proposal on the European Pillar of Social Rights, as well as some developments in social dialogue at EU level, are the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the latest developments in working life at EU level in the first quarter

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The unions’ rejection of pension reform proposals, employers' demands for the withdrawal of a mini labour reform and the launch of the unions’ fair pay campaign are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovenia in the

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The inability of the national social partners to agree salary recommendations; digital disconnection after working hours; and the effects of the increase in the minimum wage on employment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Rising wages following an increase in the minimum statutory wage, a victory for the centre-right party GERB in the March elections and predictions of a rise in employment in tourism are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Lithuania: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Controversial provisions in the Labour Code; four new members for Lithuania’s Tripartite Council; and initiatives by the main employer organisation, the Confederation of Lithuanian Industrialists, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments

Finland: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The effects of the decision by the Confederation of Finnish Industries EK to terminate most peak-level agreements with trade unions and a setback for employment policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

France: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Preparations for the presidential election and a revival of national social dialogue with the signing of a new collective agreement on the unemployment insurance scheme are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in France

Latvia: Social security implications of favourable tax rate for small businesses

The social partners reacted differently to the government's plans to increase the rate of the special tax for microenterprises, the unions concerned over the lower social protection afforded the workers and employers worried about losing competitiveness due to increased labour costs. In the end, the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Noiembrie 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Iunie 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Octombrie 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Martie 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Octombrie 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Aprilie 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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