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Social dialog

Social dialog kan definieras som förhandlingar, samråd, gemensamma åtgärder, diskussioner och informationsutbyte mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare. En väl fungerande social dialog är en viktig förutsättning för att skapa goda arbetsvillkor, och den omfattar många olika aktörer på olika nivåer. Den skapar balans mellan arbetstagarnas och arbetsgivarnas intressen och bidrar till både ekonomisk konkurrenskraft och social sammanhållning.

Den senaste tidens politiska diskussioner på EU-nivå har belyst att det – framför allt sedan krisen 2008 – har växt fram nya diskussioner om social rättvisa, demokrati, arbetets kvalitet och nya modeller för arbetsmarknadsrelationer, som utmanar de traditionella näringslivsrelationerna och systemen för social dialog.

Trettio år efter den historiska invigningen av den europeiska sociala dialogen i Val Duchesse i Bryssel, inledde kommissionen den 5 mars 2015 en process för en nystart för den sociala dialogen vid ett evenemang på hög nivå som samlade representanter från arbetsmarknadens parter från hela Europa. Den europeiska sociala dialogen är ett instrument för EU:s socialpolitik som direkt bidrar till att utforma EU:s arbetslagstiftning och politik.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofounds arbete

Beslutsfattarna behöver underbyggda bevis för att förstå de förändringar som sker på arbetsmarknaden och reagera på den föränderliga dynamiken i Europas arbetsmarknadsrelationer. Eurofound använder uppgifter och analyser från sitt nätverk av medarbetare i de 28 EU-medlemsstaterna och Norge för att kartlägga trender och mönster och för att framhålla exempel på välfungerade sociala dialoger på både europeisk och nationell nivå.

Eurofounds forskning går in på aspekter som arbetstagarnas delaktighet, kollektiv förhandling, arbetstagarrepresentativitet och arbetsmarknadsrelationer på alla nivåer. Man tittar också på i vilken utsträckning arbetsmarknadsrelationerna har anpassats till multinationella organisationers framväxt. Det finns även ett globalt perspektiv där system för arbetsmarknadsrelationer och resultat jämförs med ekonomier utanför EU, exempelvis USA och Japan.

Viktiga bidrag

Eurofound har under de senaste 40 åren producerat en stor mängd arbete som kartlägger de många och föränderliga aspekterna av den sociala dialogen i Europa på olika nivåer – på företagsnivå såväl som på nationell, europeisk och internationell nivå.

Under de senaste åren har Eurofound gjort djupanalyser av olika frågor som utgör den sociala dialogens kärna, exempelvis 

Eurofounds representativitetsstudier, som genomförts inom en rad sektorer på grundval av ett mandat från kommissionen 2006, ger den grundläggande information som behövs för att inrätta och driva de branschvisa kommittéerna inom den sociala dialogen på europeisk nivå.

Resurser

Ordlistan över arbetsmarknadsbegrepp, European Industrial Relations Dictionary, utarbetades 2005 som ett referensverktyg på nätet för beslutsfattare och andra aktörer och är en värdefull samling information om sysselsättning och arbetsmarknadsrelationer i EU. I landprofilerna om arbetsliv finns relevant kontextuell information om de strukturer, institutioner och regler som styr arbetslivet i EU:s 28 medlemsstater och Norge, samt på EU-nivå.

Databaserna över kollektiv löneförhandling och löner, arbetstid och kollektiva tvister syftar till att förse forskare och beslutsfattare med kvantitativ och kvalitativ information om dessa ämnen i alla medlemsstater och Norge från 2000 till nutid.

Key outputs

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Under senare år har det, förutom under vissa periodiska toppar, förekommit en allmän minskning av stridsåtgärder i medlemsstaterna. Under covid-19-pandemin har denna trend fortsatt, och de största arbetsmarknadskonflikterna relaterade till...

7 februari 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 mars 2021
Publication
Other

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Digital teknik har gjort det möjligt för många arbetstagare att utföra sitt arbete när som helst och var som helst, med de fördelar och nackdelar som detta innebär. Eurofounds uppgifter visar att det är dubbelt så sannolikt att distansarbetare överskrider gränsen på 48 timmars arbetstid, vilar

09 September 2021

Rapporten sammanfattar hur minimilöner för 2021 fastställdes under 2020 – året som präglades av covid-19-pandemin. I rapporten granskas de svårigheter som nationella beslutsfattare upplevde och hur de vid beslutsfattande om minimilönen reagerade på utmaningarna till följd av pandemins ekonomiska och

10 June 2021

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise first evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey

23 March 2021

Disclaimer: Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.Syftet med denna rapport är att bedöma covid-19-krisens inledande effekter på sysselsättningen i Europa (fram till andra kvartalet 2020), inklusive dess konsekvenser för olika

11 March 2021

Sedan 2016 har Eurofound noga övervakat de nationella arbetsmarknadsparternas deltagande i utformningen av politiken som en del av den europeiska planeringsterminen. Under 2020 låg fokus på deras deltagande under de första månaderna av covid-19-utbrottet. Pandemin har inneburit en enorm utmaning för

09 March 2021

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the local and regional government (LRG) sector, including social services. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to

17 December 2020

Som en del av sitt uppdrag att främja dialogen mellan arbetsmarknadens parter har Eurofound övervakat och analyserat arbetsmarknadsrelationernas utveckling på EU-nivå och i EU:s medlemsstater i över 40 år. Denna flaggskeppsrapport bygger på arbetet i detta sammanhang under den senaste

11 December 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the human health sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

12 November 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the education sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

15 October 2020

Denna rapport grundas på den fjärde upplagan av Europeiska företagsundersökningen (ECS), som genomfördes gemensamt av Eurofound och Cedefop under 2019. I rapporten beskrivs flera olika metoder och strategier som genomförs av europeiska företag med avseende på arbetets organisation, förvaltning av

13 October 2020

Online resources results (435)

Patterns and trends in social partner involvement in times of crises. 20-21 March 2023, EMCO meeting hosted by the Swedish Presidency, Stockholm. Presentation by Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras, Research Manager, Eurofound.

23 mars 2023
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Mixed impacts of COVID-19 on social dialogue and collective bargaining in 2020

​​​​​​​A first analysis of developments in working life in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on social dialogue and collective bargaining in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees. While in some countries, standard procedures were by and large maintained

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Changing priorities: The impact of COVID-19 on national policy agendas

A first analysis of working life policies and developments in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has in some cases speeded up and in other cases slowed down several policy developments in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees, and dependent on national contexts. Increased

EU level: Latest developments in working life Q2 2020

Activities of the European Commission and social partners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the high-level hearing on implementing the European Pillar of Social Rights and a fair EU minimum wage initiative are the main topics of interest in this article. This EU update reports on the latest

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EU seeks views on the minimum wage

Against a background of growing polarisation, it is worth remembering the model of social dialogue that allows us each year to debate and reach thousands of agreements that start from different and distant positions and interests.

Latvia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A new agreement on overtime pay, a warning about the power balance between employers and employees, an increase in wages and a workforce deficit are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Latvia in the second quarter of

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

New employment strategies to address labour shortages, the post-election political shift in the Chamber of Deputies and an award-winning documentary on working conditions are the main points of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Lithuania: Trilateral agreement promoting social dialogue signed

An agreement on reforms crucial to Lithuania’s economic growth was signed on 16 October after almost a year of discussions. The agreement, signed by Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis and representatives of the social partners, identifies long-term objectives such as improving efficiency in the

EU-level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2017

Launch of the second phase consultation of social partners of the Written Statement Directive, social partners’ positions regarding aspects of the European Pillar of Social Rights​ , and President Juncker's State of the Union address are the main topics of interest in this article. This country


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 november 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 oktober 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 mars 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 oktober 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 april 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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