Social beskyttelse
Der findes sociale beskyttelsesordninger for at beskytte folk mod risikoen for indkomsttab i forbindelse med arbejdsløshed, dårligt helbred og invaliditet, forældreansvar, udgifter til børn og bolig, alderdom eller efter tab af en ægtefælle eller forælder. Organiseringen og finansieringen af de sociale beskyttelsessystemer ligger hos EU's medlemsstater. Ikke desto mindre spiller EU en særlig rolle med hensyn til gennem EU-lovgivning, der koordinerer de nationale sociale sikringsordninger, at sikre, at personer, der bevæger sig på tværs af grænserne og dermed er omfattet af forskellige sociale beskyttelsessystemer, er tilstrækkeligt beskyttet. Denne lovgivning vedrører hovedsagelig lovbestemte sociale sikringsordninger.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Foundation Forum 2025: Key takeaways
This paper provides the top 20 takeaways from the Foundation Forum 2025 which took place at IMMA Venues Dublin on 19–20 November 2025.Europe’s social model – The key to competitive growth – Background paper
This background paper outlines the context for the issues to be examined at Eurofound’s Foundation Forum 2025. As the global order proves to be increasingly volatile, the European Union itself is undergoing a profound transformation in terms of its socioeconomic and geopolitical landscape. Enhancing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable economic growth are now at the top of the EU agenda.Digitalisering af social beskyttelse
Denne rapport fokuserer på digitaliseringen af front- og backoffice-processer i økonomiske sociale ydelser. I 10 EU-medlemslande og Norge er en digital ansøgning mulig for alle eller alle undtagen én af de ni undersøgte ydelser. I mindst fem medlemsstater er papiransøgninger blevet indstillet for nogle af ydelserne.Eurofounds undersøgelser har set på adgang til tjenester og fordele både som et middel til at opfylde specifikke behov og som led i en integreret indsats for at fremme inklusion. Offentlige tjenester af høj kvalitet er et afgørende middel til at opnå et højt niveau af social beskyttelse og social inklusion. Eurofounds forskning undersøger adgangen til og kvaliteten af en række sociale tjenester og undersøger også covid-19's indvirkning på brugen og leveringen af sådanne tjenester. Fokus er på de tjenester og ydelser, der imødekommer behovene hos sårbare grupper såsom ældre, migranter, unge eller personer med handicap.
Forskningen fokuserer også på strukturelle ændringer, der i vid udstrækning er drevet af digitalisering, klimaændringer og også covid-19 (se infografik nedenfor), og hvordan man kan sikre retfærdig omstilling, der fremmer social beskyttelse og arbejdstagerrettigheder.
I artikel 2 i EU-traktaten udpeges fremme af et højt socialt beskyttelsesniveau som en central opgave. Det sociale beskyttelsessystem omfatter kontant- og naturalydelser. Den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder fremhæver adgang til børnepasning, sundhedspleje, langtidspleje og bolig sammen med arbejdsløshedsunderstøttelse, minimumsindkomst og ressourcer til ældre mennesker, der sikrer, at de kan leve et værdigt liv.
Den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder indeholder 20 centrale principper og rettigheder, der er afgørende for retfærdige og velfungerende arbejdsmarkeder og sociale beskyttelsessystemer. Principperne er struktureret omkring tre kategorier, hvoraf den ene er social beskyttelse og inklusion. Den 4. marts 2021 fremlagde Europa-Kommissionen sin handlingsplan for fuld gennemførelse af søjlen og omsætter principperne til konkrete tiltag til gavn for EU-borgerne, samtidig med at genopretningen efter virkningerne af covid-19 støttes. For at mindske ulighederne foreslog den et nyt mål for EU om at reducere antallet af personer, der er truet af fattigdom eller social udstødelse, med mindst 15 millioner inden 2030, herunder mindst 5 millioner børn.
Europa-Kommissionen: Handlingsplan for den europæiske søjle for sociale rettighederopens in new tab
Den 24. marts 2021 foreslog Kommissionen en EU-strategi for børns rettigheder og Rådets henstilling om oprettelse af den europæiske børnegaranti for at sikre, at børn, der er truet af fattigdom og social udstødelse, har effektiv adgang til centrale tjenester såsom sundhedspleje og uddannelse. 14. juni 2021 vedtog Rådet (beskæftigelse, socialpolitik, sundhed og forbrugerpolitik) den europæiske børnegaranti.
Europa-Kommissionen: EU-strategi for børns rettigheder og den europæiske børnegarantiopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Rådet vedtager den europæiske børnegarantiopens in new tab
Kommissionen anvender det europæiske semester til at overvåge medlemsstaternes sociale beskyttelsessystemer og fremsætter om nødvendigt landespecifikke henstillinger om anvendelsen af deres sociale budgetter for at sikre tilstrækkelig og bæredygtig social beskyttelse.
Europa-Kommissionen: Det europæiske semesteropens in new tab
En anden vigtig prioritet for Europa-Kommissionen er at skabe et Europa, der er klar til den digitale tidsalder. Dette omfatter investeringer i digitale offentlige tjenester og også tilvejebringelse af passende social beskyttelse for platformsarbejdere.
Europa-Kommissionen: Europas digitale årti: digitale mål for 2030opens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
8 October 2024
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
30 May 2023
Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Europe
Unaffordable housing is a matter of great concern in the EU. It leads to homelessness, housing insecurity, financial strain and inadequate housing. It also prevents young people from leaving their family home. These problems affect people’s health and well-being, embody unequal living conditions and opportunities, and result in healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private tenants have faced particularly large housing cost increases, and owners with mortgages are vulnerable to interest rate increases. In addition, many owners without mortgages, especially in post-communist and southern European countries, experience poverty and housing inadequacy. The cost-of-living crisis affects people in all tenancies. Social housing and rent subsidies support many, but capacity differs across and within countries, and these measures exclude certain groups in vulnerable situations and fail to reach everyone who is entitled to them. Three quarters of Member States have Housing First initiatives – providing housing for homeless people – but these mostly operate on a small scale. This report maps housing problems in the EU and the policies that address them, drawing on Eurofound’s Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
5 July 2022
Policies to support refugees from Ukraine
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
20 December 2019
Casual work: Characteristics and implications
Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment. While it offers some advantages for both employers and workers, it is often discussed by policymakers at EU and national levels due to the observed negative consequences it has for some workers. Impacts include economic insecurity and unpredictability of working time, which in turn affect workers’ health, well-being and social security. From a labour market perspective, casual work raises concerns about decent social inclusion of vulnerable groups, labour market segmentation and more general trends towards fragmentation of work and brain drain. Some policy responses have already been implemented to tackle these issues; further policy pointers are flagged in the report.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Marie Hyland
Research officerMarie Hyland kom til Eurofound som forskningsmedarbejder i enheden for socialpolitik i 2023. Før dette tilbragte Marie flere år som økonom i Verdensbanken, hvor hun arbejdede med en række emner som køn, klimaforandringer og udvikling af den private sektor. Maries forskning har set på virkningen af juridisk diskrimination på kvinders økonomiske selvstændiggørelse, overvejet den rolle, som virksomhedsstørrelse og ledelsespraksis spiller for produktivitet og økonomisk udvikling, og analyseret økonomien i politikker til afbødning af klimaforandringer. Marie har en ph.d. i økonomi fra Trinity College Dublin.
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
