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Social inklusion
Social inklusion er en proces, der sikrer, at borgerne har de muligheder og ressourcer, der er nødvendige for fuldt ud at deltage i det økonomiske, sociale og kulturelle liv og nyde en levestandard og trivsel, der anses for normal i det samfund, de lever i. Den omfatter, men er ikke begrænset til, social integration eller bedre adgang til arbejdsmarkedet, og omfatter også lige adgang til faciliteter, tjenester og ydelser. Det er et begreb, der nu er centralt på den europæiske politiske dagsorden.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Social cohesion and inclusive participation in a polarised Europe
This report investigates the dimensions of polarisation in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective based on data from the European Social Survey. It examines trends and national variations in polarisation on various issues, looking at how European values and attitudes have changed over time.Narrowing the digital divide: Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation
Digitalisation has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU’s policy targets, where Member States are growing together and where digital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalisation between socioeconomic groups and regions.
According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalisation of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalisation in the EU’s economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector.
The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide.
Eurofound overvåger social inklusion gennem sit undersøgelsesarbejde og undersøger og evaluerer i mere specifikke studier politiske bestræbelser på at opnå større social inklusion.
Social inklusion er kernen i den europæiske sociale model og de europæiske værdier, der er nedfældet i Lissabontraktaten. Det er en hjørnesten i den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder og en prioritet i FN's verdensmål for bæredygtig udvikling.
Fremme af social inklusion, især gennem reduktion af fattigdom, er kernen i at skabe et mere lige og sammenhængende samfund. Bevarelse og skabelse af nye job er også afgørende for social inklusion og aktiv deltagelse i samfundet. Den 4. marts 2021 præsenterede Europa-Kommissionen sin handlingsplan for fuldt ud at implementere den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder, hvor principperne blev omdannet til konkrete handlinger til gavn for EU-borgere, samtidig med at genopretningen efter COVID-19's indvirkning blev støttet. Kapitel 3 i den sociale søjle fokuserer på 10 principper til at fremme social beskyttelse og inklusion. For at reducere uligheder foreslår Kommissionen et nyt mål for EU om at reducere antallet af mennesker, der er i risiko for fattigdom eller social eksklusion, med mindst 15 millioner inden 2030, herunder mindst 5 millioner børn.
Den Europæiske Børnegaranti, vedtaget i juni 2021, har til formål at sikre, at hvert barn i Europa, der er i risiko for fattigdom eller social udelukkelse, har adgang til de mest grundlæggende rettigheder som sundhedspleje og uddannelse.
EU's ungdomsstrategi 2019–2027 handler om at 'engagere', 'styrke' og 'forbinde' unge og har til formål at fremme unges deltagelse i det demokratiske liv, støtte deres sociale og civile engagement og sikre, at de har de nødvendige ressourcer til at deltage i samfundet. Politikkens fokus har været på at fremme unges beskæftigelse som den vigtigste vej til social inklusion via tiltag som Youth Guarantee og Youth Employment Initiative.
Risikoen for at blive socialt udelukket stiger blandt ældre i nogle lande og blandt nogle af dem, der har forladt arbejdsmarkedet. Langvarig arbejdsløshed og jobusikkerhed fører til stigende uligheder og fattigdomsrisici blandt mange ældre europæere. I søgen efter tiltag, der fremmer social inklusion af den ældre befolkning, som allerede har forladt arbejdsmarkedet, lægges der mere vægt på tiltag, der opmuntrer til frivilligt arbejde, støtter socialt engagement i alderdommen og sund aldring.
Europa-Kommissionen: Den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder i 20 principperopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den Europæiske Søjle for Social Rettigheder Handlingsplanopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den Europæiske Børnegarantiopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: EU's ungdomsstrategi (2019–2027)opens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
12 March 2020
Addressing household over-indebtedness
The issue of over-indebtedness continues to be a concern, particularly among some population groups and in Member States where recent increases can be observed. This report provides an overview of the main causes, triggers and consequences of household over-indebtedness, including the costs to society. It then examines two policy responses in the EU and Norway: debt advisory services and debt settlement procedures. While the findings show that in the wake of the global financial crisis, such services and procedures have generally become more widely available and accessible, gaps remain. The overall aim of the report is to draw the attention of national and EU-level policymakers to ways to improve policy responses to household over-indebtedness.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
22 October 2019
Challenges and prospects in the EU: Quality of life and public services
What have been the major developments in quality of life and public services in Europe in recent years, as captured by research into these areas in Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020? This flagship publication provides a synthesis of the main findings on several key topics, based, in part, on European Quality of Life Survey data. It maps developments and perceptions regarding the following: trust in institutions and social cohesion; access to and quality of health and care services; the impact of digitalisation on social services; access to services for young people; and measures aimed at integrating refugees. While the report highlights many challenges and emerging issues for public services, it also showcases a number of positive experiences with the involvement of client groups in the design of services and take-up of new technologies.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois er senior forskningsleder i Social Policies-enheden hos Eurofound. Hans forskningsemner omfatter bolig, overgæld, sundhedspleje, langtidspleje, sociale ydelser, pension og livskvalitet i lokalområdet. Før han kom til Eurofound, var han adjunkt ved Kozminski Universitet (Warszawa). Han afsluttede en ph.d. i erhvervsadministration og ledelse ved Bocconi Universitet (Milano) efter at have arbejdet som forskningsmedarbejder ved European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (Madrid).
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski er forskningsmedarbejder i Social Policies-enheden hos Eurofound. Hendes forskning fokuserer på husstandsstrukturer, selvstændig livsstil, bolig, ligestilling mellem kønnene og ubetalt pleje. Før hun tiltrådte Eurofound i 2021, arbejdede hun som postdoc-forsker ved University College Dublin's Geary Institute for Public Policy, Economic and Social Research Institute i Dublin og Royal College of Surgeons i Irland. Hun har arbejdet inden for mange forskningsområder inden for mikroøkonomi, herunder pensionsindkomst og formue, pensionsopsparing, generationsoverførsler og den finansielle indvirkning af enkeskab. Sanna har en ph.d. i økonomi fra Trinity College Dublin.
Angelina Atanasova
Research support officerAngelina Atanasova er forskningsstøttemedarbejder i Working Life-enheden hos Eurofound. Hendes nuværende forskningsemner omfatter social dialog og arbejdsmarkedsrelationer samt handicaprettigheder og inklusion af personer med handicap på arbejdsmarkedet. Før hun tiltrådte Eurofound i 2024, arbejdede hun i et årti med politisk forskning i Bruxelles, som forsker ved European Social Observatory, forskningsassistent ved Det Juridiske Fakultet på KU Leuven og som politisk konsulent om ligestilling og antidiskrimination ved Open Society European Policy Institute. Hun har en ph.d. i EU-ret og sociologi fra KU Leuven og en kandidatgrad i offentlig politik fra Central European University. Hendes primære forskningsinteresser omfatter handicaprettigheder, lighed, social inklusion og social dialog.
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
