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Diálogo social

El diálogo social puede definirse como el conjunto de negociaciones, consultas, acciones conjuntas, debates y actividades de puesta en común de información en los que participan empleadores y trabajadores. Un diálogo social que funcione adecuadamente constituye una herramienta clave para conformar las condiciones laborales, y en este diálogo intervienen diversos agentes a diferentes escalas. Equilibra los intereses de trabajadores y empresarios y contribuye tanto a la competitividad económica, como a la cohesión social.

Los recientes debates políticos a escala de la UE han puesto de relieve que, en especial a partir de la crisis de 2008, la aparición de nuevos debates sobre la justicia social, la democracia, la calidad del trabajo y los modelos nuevos de relaciones laborales han constituido un desafío para los sistemas tradicionales de relaciones laborales y diálogo social.

Treinta años después de la histórica inauguración del diálogo social europeo en Val Duchesse en Bruselas, la Comisión relanzó el proceso con un «nuevo comienzo del diálogo social» en un evento de alto nivel celebrado el 5 de marzo de 2015 al que acudieron organizaciones de interlocutores sociales de toda Europa. El diálogo social europeo es un instrumento de la política social de la UE, y contribuye directamente a la conformación de la legislación y las políticas comunitarias en materia laboral.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Los encargados de la formulación de políticas necesitan datos acreditativos contrastados para comprender los cambios que se producen en el mercado laboral, y responder a la dinámica de transformación de las relaciones laborales en Europa. Eurofound utiliza los datos y los análisis obtenidos de su Red de corresponsales en los 28 Estados miembros de la UE y Noruega para clasificar tendencias y patrones, y subrayar los ejemplos de diálogo social de adecuado funcionamiento en el ámbito europeo y nacional.

La investigación de Eurofound aborda aspectos como la participación de los trabajadores, la negociación colectiva, la representación de los empleados y las relaciones laborales a todos los niveles. Examina asimismo la medida en que tales relaciones se han adaptado a la aparición y el auge de las organizaciones multinacionales. Adopta además una perspectiva global, y compara en este sentido los sistemas de relaciones laborales y sus resultados en economías al margen de la UE, como las de Estados Unidos y Japón.

Aportaciones fundamentales

Eurofound ha generado un amplio volumen de trabajo a lo largo de los 40 años que ha examinado las numerosas facetas del diálogo social en Europa y sus cambios, a diversas escalas: empresarial, nacional, europea e internacional.

En los últimos años, Eurofound ha llevado a cabo análisis pormenorizados de distintos asuntos fundamentales del diálogo social, como: 

Los estudios sobre representatividad de Eurofound, llevados a cabo en múltiples sectores, con arreglo a un mandato de la Comisión de 2006, proporcionan la información básica necesaria para la constitución y el funcionamiento de los comités sectoriales europeos de diálogo social.

Recursos

Desarrollado en 2005 como herramienta de consulta en línea para encargados de la formulación de políticas y profesionales, el Diccionario europeo de relaciones laborales constituye una valiosa fuente de información sobre empleo y relaciones laborales en la UE. Los perfiles nacionales en materia de relaciones laborales ofrecen información contextual relevante sobre las estructuras, instituciones y normativas que subyacen a la vida laboral en los Estados miembros de la UE28 y Noruega a escala de la Unión.

Con las bases de datos sobre negociación salarial colectiva y salarios, tiempo de trabajo y conflictos colectivos se pretende proporcionar a los investigadores y los encargados de formular políticas información cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre estas cuestiones en el conjunto de los Estados miembros y Noruega desde 2000 hasta la actualidad.

Key outputs

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En los últimos años, salvo algunos picos de actividad intermitentes, se ha observado una disminución general de las protestas laborales en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Durante la...

7 Febrero 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Como parte de su mandato de promover el diálogo entre los interlocutores sociales, Eurofound ha realizado un seguimiento y un análisis de la evolución de los sistemas de relaciones laborales...

11 Diciembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Tras una prudente ronda de fijación del salario mínimo para 2021, las tasas nominales aumentaron significativamente en 2022, a medida que las consecuencias negativas de la pandemia se relajaban y mejoraban las economías y los mercados laborales. En este contexto, 20 de los 21 Estados miembros de la

15 June 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

En el presente informe se examina la calidad de la participación de los interlocutores sociales nacionales en la concepción y aplicación de reformas y políticas en el contexto del ciclo del Semestre Europeo y en la preparación de los programas nacionales de reforma. En el marco del instrumento

30 March 2022

The informal meeting of EU ministers responsible for employment and social policy (EPSCO) took place in Bordeaux on 14–15 February 2022. The meeting focused on the challenges posed by the major green and digital transitions to the labour market, and the way in which the European Union can support

14 February 2022

En los últimos años, salvo algunos picos de actividad intermitentes, se ha observado una disminución general de las protestas laborales en los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, esta tendencia ha continuado y no es sorprendente que los conflictos laborales más

07 February 2022

The European Union Agencies Network on Scientific Advice (EU-ANSA) consists of technical and regulatory agencies that provide scientific advice to EU policymakers. This report demonstrates how EU-ANSA member Agencies are addressing the socioeconomic effects of sustainable development. It is based on

05 January 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the live performance sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

27 October 2021

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the audiovisual sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

20 October 2021

The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes, on approaches to teleworking for those able to work from home and on regulations to ensure the safe provision

14 October 2021

Online resources results (435)

Denmark: Tripartite negotiations – staged approach seems to be working

When tripartite negotiations broke down almost as soon as they started in 2012, many labour market researchers and social partner representatives predicted the government would no longer invite the social partners to such negotiations. However, they have started again but only after the involved

Norway: Public procurement – new thresholds introduced despite joint protest from social partners

The government has doubled the value of public procurement contracts above which strict rules designed to discourage social dumping must be followed. The change brings Norway into line with European Economic Area Agreement rules. In a joint letter to the Minister of Trade and Industry, the employers

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

Protests against the proposed education reform, a new chairperson for the central tripartite body, the return of lower retirement ages and deregulation measures for businesses are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

A new government, the revival of public sector collective bargaining, an increase in the basic salary for civil servants and public employees, and setting the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

New collective agreements, ongoing negotiations in three key sectors, discussions about workplace surveillance, plans to improve the education system and an increase in the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Greece: Tripartite strategy for combating undeclared work

Greece’s informal economy is estimated to account for 25% of its gross domestic product. A three-year project to strengthen employment monitoring and inspection, improve tax collection, and educate employers and workers about the benefits of formal work is being led by the ILO, closely supported by

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Noviembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junio 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Octubre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Octubre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Abril 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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