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Employment structure

The employment structure reflects the change in employment across occupations and sectors, using various proxies of job quality. The current debate about shifts in the employment structure is focused on the extent to which observed patterns of job polarisation and upgrading have contributed to wage inequality trends and on Europe's shrinking middle class.

Topic

Recent updates

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Since 2002, the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) has been monitoring the employment impact of large-scale restructuring events in Europe and covers the 27 EU Member States plus Norway.

Web page

Eurofound research

Eurofound’s European Jobs Monitor (EJM) analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU, covering all Member States.

Key outputs

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The European Jobs Monitor (EJM) tracks structural change in European labour markets. It analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives...

Data Item

Eurofound expert(s)

John Hurley

John Hurley is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He took up the role of research manager in February 2012. He is responsible for the European...

Senior research manager,
Employment research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
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​Martina Bisello is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. Her research interests include gender gaps in the labour market, occupational change and the impact of...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (95)

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008–2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting labour

28 March 2024

A medida que las economías comienzan a recuperarse de la pandemia de COVID-19, la escasez de mano de obra se hace cada vez más patente a pesar del impacto de la guerra en Ucrania sobre los precios de la energía y las materias primas, incluida la escasez exacerbada por la crisis en algunos sectores y

28 March 2023

Los mercados laborales europeos se han recuperado con fuerza de la COVID-19. A finales de 2021, poco más de 18 meses después del inicio de la pandemia, las tasas de empleo en la UE se situaban casi a niveles previos a la crisis. En este informe se resume la evolución del mercado laboral en 2020 y

20 October 2022

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha acentuado las desigualdades en numerosas dimensiones de las sociedades europeas, incluidas las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres en varios ámbitos clave. En el presente informe, se examinan las desigualdades de género que ya existían antes de la crisis de la COVID-19 y

13 October 2022

El cambio tecnológico se está acelerando a medida que aumenta la capacidad de los dispositivos electrónicos para almacenar, procesar y comunicar información de forma digital. La digitalización está transformando la economía y los mercados laborales de la UE: casi un tercio de los lugares de trabajo

15 December 2021

Uno de los avances más llamativos durante el último medio siglo ha sido el enorme aumento de la participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral. Dos de cada tres nuevos empleos netos creados en las dos últimas décadas en la UE fueron ocupados por mujeres. Al mismo tiempo, el fuerte aumento de las

14 December 2021

A pesar de la creciente participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral y de que en los últimos años se ha contratado a una mayor proporción de mujeres que de hombres para trabajos bien remunerados, existe una brecha salarial de género en todos los Estados miembros de la UE. Se ha demostrado que

14 December 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19 cerró o limitó muchas actividades económicas en 2020, lo que tuvo un gran efecto en el mercado laboral. Las pérdidas de empleo al inicio de la pandemia fueron más numerosas que las experimentadas durante la crisis financiera mundial. El descenso de las horas trabajadas fue

19 October 2021

While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner

20 July 2021

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective

05 November 2020

Online resources results (2)

United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first

Blogs results (12)
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In the digital age, there are fewer routine jobs because of a higher risk of automation. But a great paradox of this age is this: workers in most types of jobs, including high-skilled ones, are reporting higher levels of routine at work. This emerges from a new study of the task content of

28 Septiembre 2016

Upcoming publications results (1)

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

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