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Sotsiaalne kaasatus
Sotsiaalne kaasatus on protsess, mis tagab kodanikele võimalused ja ressursid, et täielikult osaleda majanduslikus, sotsiaalses ja kultuurilises elus ning nautida elatustaset ja heaolu, mis on ühiskonnas normaalne. See hõlmab, kuid ei piirdu ainult, sotsiaalse integratsiooni või parema ligipääsuga tööturule ning hõlmab ka võrdset ligipääsu rajatistele, teenustele ja hüvedele. See on mõiste, mis on nüüd Euroopa poliitikakava keskmes.
Leia selle teema kohta uusim sisu allpool.
Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Social cohesion and inclusive participation in a polarised Europe
This report investigates the dimensions of polarisation in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective based on data from the European Social Survey. It examines trends and national variations in polarisation on various issues, looking at how European values and attitudes have changed over time.Narrowing the digital divide: Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation
Digitalisation has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU’s policy targets, where Member States are growing together and where digital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalisation between socioeconomic groups and regions.
According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalisation of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalisation in the EU’s economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector.
The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide.
Eurofound jälgib sotsiaalset kaasatust oma küsitluse kaudu ning spetsiifilisemates uuringutes uurib ja hindab poliitilisi jõupingutusi suurema sotsiaalse kaasatuse saavutamiseks.
Sotsiaalne kaasatus on Euroopa sotsiaalse mudeli ja Lissaboni lepingus sätestatud Euroopa väärtuste keskmes. See on Euroopa sotsiaalõiguste samba nurgakivi ja ÜRO säästva arengu eesmärkide prioriteet.
Sotsiaalse kaasatuse edendamine, eriti vaesuse vähendamise kaudu, on võrdsema ja sidusama ühiskonna loomise keskmes. Uute töökohtade säilitamine ja loomine on samuti hädavajalik sotsiaalse kaasatuse ja aktiivse ühiskonnas osalemise jaoks. 4. märtsil 2021 esitas Euroopa Komisjon oma tegevuskava Euroopa sotsiaalõiguste samba täielikuks rakendamiseks, muutes selle põhimõtted konkreetseteks tegevusteks ELi kodanike kasuks ning toetades samal ajal COVID-19 mõjust taastumist. Sotsiaalse samba 3. peatükk keskendub 10 põhimõttele sotsiaalkaitse ja kaasatuse edendamiseks. Ebavõrdsuse vähendamiseks pakub komisjon EL-ile uue eesmärgi vähendada vaesuse või sotsiaalse tõrjutuse ohus olevate inimeste arvu vähemalt 15 miljoni võrra aastaks 2030, sealhulgas vähemalt 5 miljonit last.
Euroopa laste garantii, mis võeti vastu 2021. aasta juunis, eesmärk on tagada, et iga vaesuse või sotsiaalse tõrjutuse ohus oleval lapsel oleks juurdepääs kõige põhilisematele õigustele nagu tervishoid ja haridus.
ELi noortestrateegia 2019–2027 keskendub noorte kaasamisele, "võimestamisele" ja "ühendamisele" ning selle eesmärk on soodustada noorte osalust demokraatlikus elus, toetada nende sotsiaalset ja kodanikuaktiivsust ning tagada, et neil on vajalikud ressursid ühiskonnas osalemiseks. Poliitika rõhk on olnud noorte tööhõive edendamisel kui võtmeteele sotsiaalse kaasatuse saavutamiseks, näiteks noorte garantii ja noorte tööhõive algatuse kaudu.
Sotsiaalse tõrjutuse risk kasvab mõnes riigis vanemate inimeste seas ning ka nende seas, kes on tööturult lahkunud. Pikaajaline töötus ja töökindluse puudumine põhjustavad suurenenud ebavõrdsust ja vaesusriski paljude eakate eurooplaste seas. Otsides meetmeid, mis toetaksid sotsiaalset kaasatust vanema elanikkonna seas, kes on juba tööjõuturult lahkunud, pööratakse rohkem tähelepanu vabatahtlikku tööd soodustavatele meetmetele, mis toetavad sotsiaalset kaasatust vanaduses ja tervislikku vananemist.
Euroopa Komisjon: Euroopa sotsiaalõiguste sammas 20 põhimõttesopens in new tab
Euroopa Komisjon: Euroopa sotsiaalõiguste samba tegevuskavaopens in new tab
Euroopa Komisjon: Euroopa laste garantiiopens in new tab
Euroopa Komisjon: ELi noortestrateegia (2019–2027)opens in new tab
See on valik kõige olulisematest tulemustest selle teema kohta.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
12 March 2020
Addressing household over-indebtedness
The issue of over-indebtedness continues to be a concern, particularly among some population groups and in Member States where recent increases can be observed. This report provides an overview of the main causes, triggers and consequences of household over-indebtedness, including the costs to society. It then examines two policy responses in the EU and Norway: debt advisory services and debt settlement procedures. While the findings show that in the wake of the global financial crisis, such services and procedures have generally become more widely available and accessible, gaps remain. The overall aim of the report is to draw the attention of national and EU-level policymakers to ways to improve policy responses to household over-indebtedness.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
22 October 2019
Challenges and prospects in the EU: Quality of life and public services
What have been the major developments in quality of life and public services in Europe in recent years, as captured by research into these areas in Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020? This flagship publication provides a synthesis of the main findings on several key topics, based, in part, on European Quality of Life Survey data. It maps developments and perceptions regarding the following: trust in institutions and social cohesion; access to and quality of health and care services; the impact of digitalisation on social services; access to services for young people; and measures aimed at integrating refugees. While the report highlights many challenges and emerging issues for public services, it also showcases a number of positive experiences with the involvement of client groups in the design of services and take-up of new technologies.
Eurofoundi teadlased pakuvad asjatundlikke teadmisi ja nendega saab ühendust võtta küsimuste või meediapäringute korral.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika osakonna vanemteadusjuht. Tema uurimisteemadeks on eluaseme, ülevõlgade seadmine, tervishoid, pikaajaline hooldus, sotsiaalsed hüved, pensionile jäämine ja elukvaliteet kohalikus piirkonnas. Enne Eurofoundiga liitumist oli ta dotsent Kozminski Ülikoolis (Varssavi). Ta omandas doktorikraadi ärijuhtimises ja juhtimises Bocconi Ülikoolis (Milano), olles töötanud uurimisametnikuna Euroopa Tervishoiusüsteemide ja -poliitikate Observatooriumis (Madrid).
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse uurimistöötaja. Tema uurimistöö keskendub majapidamiste struktuuridele, iseseisvale elule, eluasemele, soolisele võrdõiguslikkusele ja tasustamata hooldusele. Enne Eurofoundiga liitumist 2021. aastal töötas ta postdoktorantuurijana University College Dublini Geary avaliku poliitika instituudis, Dublini Majandus- ja Sotsiaaluuringute Instituudis ning Iirimaa Kuninglikus Kirurgide Kolledžis. Ta on töötanud mitmetes mikroökonoomika uurimisvaldkondades, sealhulgas pensionitulu ja varandus, pensionisäästu, põlvkondadevahelised ülekanded ning leseks jäämise finantsmõju. Sanna omab majandusteaduse doktorikraadi Trinity College Dublinist.
Angelina Atanasova
Research support officerAngelina Atanasova on Eurofoundi Tööelu üksuse uurimistugitöötaja. Tema praegused uurimisteemad hõlmavad sotsiaalset dialoogi ja töösuhteid, samuti puuetega inimeste õigusi ja puuetega inimeste kaasamist tööturule. Enne Eurofoundiga liitumist 2024. aastal töötas ta kümme aastat poliitikauuringute kallal Brüsselis, olles uurija Euroopa Sotsiaalvaatluskeskuses, teaduskaastöötaja KU Leuveni õigusteaduskonnas ning poliitikakonsultant võrdõiguslikkuse ja diskrimineerimisvastase poliitika alal Open Society European Policy Institute'is. Tal on doktorikraad ELi õiguses ja sotsioloogias KU Leuvenist ning magistrikraad avalikus poliitikas Central European Universityst. Tema peamised uurimishuvid hõlmavad puuetega inimeste õigusi, võrdsust, sotsiaalset kaasatust ja sotsiaalset dialoogi.
See osa annab juurdepääsu kogu sisule, mis on selle teema kohta avaldatud.
