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Društvena uključenost
Socijalna uključenost je proces koji osigurava građanima prilike i resurse potrebne za potpuno sudjelovanje u gospodarskom, društvenom i kulturnom životu te za uživanje životnog standarda i dobrobiti koji se smatra normalnim u društvu u kojem žive. Obuhvaća, ali nije ograničen na, društvenu integraciju ili bolji pristup tržištu rada, a također uključuje jednak pristup objektima, uslugama i pogodnostima. To je koncept koji je sada središnji za europsku političku agendu.
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Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Social cohesion and inclusive participation in a polarised Europe
This report investigates the dimensions of polarisation in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective based on data from the European Social Survey. It examines trends and national variations in polarisation on various issues, looking at how European values and attitudes have changed over time.Narrowing the digital divide: Economic and social convergence in Europe’s digital transformation
Digitalisation has been on the EU policy agenda since 2000. While great strides have been made in this area over the past two decades, the digital transformation is not yet complete. This report seeks to deepen our understanding of the evolution towards a digital Europe. By applying the lens of convergence, the report assesses the progress of Member States towards the EU’s policy targets, where Member States are growing together and where digital gaps are expanding. It also considers the gaps in the progress of digitalisation between socioeconomic groups and regions.
According to almost all indicators analysed, historically lower-performing Member States have been catching up with the digital leaders. However, at a more granular level, digitalisation of businesses has been uneven and significant inequalities persist between regions and socioeconomic groups. The report shines a light on the role of digitalisation in the EU’s economic convergence and considers the progress in and benefits of digitalisation for the private sector.
The findings show that access is still an issue for vulnerable groups, in particular low-income households, older individuals and those with lower levels of education. Importantly, these are the groups that are more reliant on public services, and they may struggle to access e-government. While progress is being made, some groups remain at risk of being left behind in the digital transition. Considering this, the report highlights a range of policy approaches being deployed across Europe that aim to narrow the digital divide.
Eurofound prati društvenu uključenost kroz svoj istraživački rad, a u specifičnijim studijama istražuje i ocjenjuje napore politika za postizanje veće društvene uključenosti.
Socijalna uključenost je u središtu europskog socijalnog modela i europskih vrijednosti utvrđenih Lisabonskim ugovorom. Ona je kamen temeljac europskog stupa socijalnih prava i prioritet Ciljeva održivog razvoja Ujedinjenih naroda.
Promicanje socijalne uključenosti, osobito kroz smanjenje siromaštva, u središtu je stvaranja ravnopravnijeg i kohezivnijeg društva. Očuvanje i stvaranje novih radnih mjesta također je ključno za socijalnu uključenost i aktivno sudjelovanje u društvu. Dana 4. ožujka 2021. Europska komisija predstavila je svoj akcijski plan za potpunu provedbu Europskog stupa socijalnih prava, pretvarajući njegove principe u konkretne akcije za dobrobit građana EU-a, uz istovremeno podršku oporavku od posljedica COVID-19. Poglavlje 3 Socijalnog stupa usredotočuje se na 10 načela za promicanje socijalne zaštite i uključivosti. Kako bi se smanjile nejednakosti, Komisija predlaže novi cilj za EU da smanji broj osoba u riziku od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti za najmanje 15 milijuna do 2030., uključujući najmanje 5 milijuna djece.
Europsko jamstvo za djecu, usvojeno u lipnju 2021., ima za cilj osigurati da svako dijete u Europi koje je u riziku od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti ima pristup najosnovnijim pravima poput zdravstvene skrbi i obrazovanja.
EU Strategija za mlade 2019.–2027. usmjerena je na 'uključivanje', 'osnaživanje' i 'povezivanje' mladih te ima za cilj poticanje sudjelovanja mladih u demokratskom životu, podršku njihovom društvenom i građanskom angažmanu te osiguravanje potrebnih resursa za sudjelovanje u društvu. Naglasak politike bio je na promicanju zapošljavanja mladih kao ključnog puta za postizanje socijalne uključenosti, kroz mjere poput Jamstva za mlade i Inicijative za zapošljavanje mladih.
Rizik od društvene isključenosti raste među starijim osobama u nekim zemljama i među nekima koji su napustili tržište rada. Dugotrajna nezaposlenost i nesigurnost posla dovode do sve većih nejednakosti i rizika od siromaštva među mnogim starijim Europljanima. U potrazi za mjerama koje promiču socijalnu uključenost starije populacije koja je već napustila tržište rada, sve se više pažnje posvećuje mjerama koje potiču volontiranje, podržavaju društveni angažman u starijoj dobi i zdravom starenju.
Europska komisija: Europski stup socijalnih prava u 20 načelaopens in new tab
Europska komisija: Europski stup akcijskog plana za socijalna pravaopens in new tab
Europska komisija: Europsko jamstvo za djecuopens in new tab
Europska komisija: EU strategija za mlade (2019.–2027.)opens in new tab
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28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
12 March 2020
Addressing household over-indebtedness
The issue of over-indebtedness continues to be a concern, particularly among some population groups and in Member States where recent increases can be observed. This report provides an overview of the main causes, triggers and consequences of household over-indebtedness, including the costs to society. It then examines two policy responses in the EU and Norway: debt advisory services and debt settlement procedures. While the findings show that in the wake of the global financial crisis, such services and procedures have generally become more widely available and accessible, gaps remain. The overall aim of the report is to draw the attention of national and EU-level policymakers to ways to improve policy responses to household over-indebtedness.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
22 October 2019
Challenges and prospects in the EU: Quality of life and public services
What have been the major developments in quality of life and public services in Europe in recent years, as captured by research into these areas in Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020? This flagship publication provides a synthesis of the main findings on several key topics, based, in part, on European Quality of Life Survey data. It maps developments and perceptions regarding the following: trust in institutions and social cohesion; access to and quality of health and care services; the impact of digitalisation on social services; access to services for young people; and measures aimed at integrating refugees. While the report highlights many challenges and emerging issues for public services, it also showcases a number of positive experiences with the involvement of client groups in the design of services and take-up of new technologies.
Istraživači Eurofounda pružaju stručne uvide i mogu ih se kontaktirati za pitanja ili upite medija.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois je viši voditelj istraživanja u jedinici za socijalne politike u Eurofoundu. Teme njegovih istraživanja uključuju stanovanje, prezaduženost, zdravstvo, dugotrajnu skrb, socijalne beneficije, mirovinu i kvalitetu života u lokalnom području. Prije nego što se pridružio Eurofoundu, bio je docent na Sveučilištu Kozminski (Varšava). Doktorirao je poslovnu administraciju i menadžment na Sveučilištu Bocconi (Milano), nakon što je radio kao istraživač u Europskom opservatoriju za zdravstvene sustave i politike (Madrid).
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski je istraživačica u jedinici za socijalne politike pri Eurofoundu. Njezina istraživanja usmjerena su na strukture kućanstava, samostalni život, stanovanje, rodnu ravnopravnost i neplaćenu skrb. Prije nego što se pridružila Eurofoundu 2021., radila je kao postdoktorandica na Geary institutu za javnu politiku Sveučilišta College Dublin, Institutu za ekonomska i društvena istraživanja u Dublinu te Kraljevskom kolegiju kirurga u Irskoj. Radila je u mnogim istraživačkim područjima mikroekonomije, uključujući prihode i bogatstvo u mirovini, štednju u mirovinama, međugeneracijske transfere i financijski utjecaj udovstva. Sanna ima doktorat iz ekonomije sa Trinity College Dublin.
Angelina Atanasova
Research support officerAngelina Atanasova je službenica za podršku istraživanju u jedinici za radni život pri Eurofoundu. Njezine trenutne teme istraživanja uključuju društveni dijalog i industrijske odnose, kao i prava osoba s invaliditetom te uključivanje osoba s invaliditetom na tržište rada. Prije nego što se pridružila Eurofoundu 2024. godine, provela je deset godina radeći na istraživanju politika u Bruxellesu, kao istraživačica u Europskom društvenom opservatoriju, znanstvena suradnica na Pravnom fakultetu KU Leuven te konzultantica za politiku jednakosti i antidiskriminacije u Open Society European Policy Institute. Doktorirala je pravo i sociologiju EU sa KU Leuven i magistrirala javnu politiku sa Srednjoeuropskog sveučilišta. Njezini glavni istraživački interesi uključuju prava osoba s invaliditetom, jednakost, socijalnu uključenost i društveni dijalog.
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