Just transition
Just transition is the term used to describe the transition to a climate-neutral economy while securing the future and livelihoods of workers and their communities. A just transition to a climate-neutral economy provides and guarantees better and decent jobs, social protection, more training opportunities and greater job security for all workers affected by global warming and climate change policies.
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Mapiranje zelene javne politike ponašanja u EU
Ovaj dokument mapira koliko su države članice izgradile kapacitete za razvoj i primjenu takvih politika usmjerenih na ponašanje. Otkriva značajne razlike unutar EU-a, s zabrinjavajućim obrascem: zemlje pod najvećim pritiskom tranzicije često su najmanje opremljene za osmišljavanje politika usmjerenih na čovjeka koje bi to olakšale.IT sektor u fokusu: Evolucija digitalne radne snage EU-a
ICT sektor potiče digitalizaciju i usvajanje umjetne inteligencije diljem Europe, no nedostatak kvalificirane radne snage usporava njegov rast. Ovo izvješće analizira uvjete zapošljavanja i rada ICT stručnjaka te izazove koji oblikuju jedan od najvažnijih sektora EU-a.Social implications of the just transition: Citizen support, behavioural adaptation, and policy impact in Europe
This research report examines Europeans’ experiences of the green transition at a time when competitiveness has become a central EU policy priority. Using quantitative analysis of EU-wide data, it identifies who supports green policies, who is changing behaviour, and who risks being left behind. Combining this with a comparative policy analysis across all 27 Member States, including reflections on the use of behavioural insights in green public policy, the report highlights critical gaps and provides evidence-based guidance for aligning competitiveness with an effective and equitable green transition.Eurofound's research is shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and a just transition in a changing environment. It covers the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, providing evidence that can assist policy action.
Main topics linked with the move towards a just transition include working conditions and sustainable work, employment and labour markets, digitalisation, the future of manufacturing, people’s living conditions and well-being, restructuring, skills and training and youth, among others. Research findings could potentially feed into the work of the Just Transition Platform, which assists EU Member States and regions to unlock the support available through the Just Transition Mechanism.
Eurofound also collaborates with the European Environment Agency (EEA) on research around the transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular environmental and socioeconomic convergence.
A just transition at European level focuses on two core issues for transition, moving towards a green and digital Europe where no one will be left behind.
As a committed party to the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU submitted its long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in March 2020. It sets out the extent of the transition across sectors and regions and lays the ground for designing a just transition.
European Commission: 2050 long-term strategyopens in new tab
Green and digital transition
At the heart of the EU’s long-term strategy is the European Green Deal, which is one of six European Commission priorities for 2019–2024 and the compass to guide Member States towards a green transition that is fair for all citizens. It will contribute to the financing of the transition that Europe faces through its Just Transition Mechanism. In the political guidelines for the next European Commission 2024–2029, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the importance of staying the course with the European Green Deal goals and committed to a significant increase in funding for a just transition across the next long-term budget. This will go hand in hand with the development of a Quality Jobs Roadmap.
European Commision: Political Guidelines 2024–2029opens in new tab
Responding to the way digital technology is changing our lives, another Commission priority is to create a Europe fit for the digital age, leading the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world through its European Digital Strategy.
Strong social Europe for just transitions
In January 2020, the European Commission presented its Communication ‘A strong social Europe for just transitions’. This vision to reinforce social Europe prepared the way for an Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is the European social strategy to make sure that the ‘transitions of climate neutrality, digitalisation and demographic change are socially fair and just’.
Eurofound’s work related to the just transition links in with several of the Commission’s 2019–2024 priorities, and is highly relevant here.
European Commission: A European Green Dealopens in new tab
European Commission: An economy that works for peopleopens in new tab
European Commission: A Europe fit for the digital ageopens in new tab
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Watch the webinar - Eurofound LIVE: Is Europe's green transition in jeopardy?
2 August 2023
Green, clean and keen to converge? A convergence analysis of environmental quality of life in the EU
This report explores the dynamics of the environmental performance of the EU Member States and the extent to which the disparities in their performance have narrowed since the early 2000s. The report is a product of cooperation between Eurofound and the European Environment Agency, with the technical expertise in convergence of the former meeting the expertise in European environmental issues of the latter. It focuses on three levels of analysis: headline indicators, residential-level indicators and household-level indicators. In order to explore the multifaceted issue of environmental quality of life in the EU, the report investigates environmental indicators through a convergence analysis. The results suggest that the EU is on the right track to becoming carbon neutral, although the speed of the greening process varies among the Member States. A fast and steady improvement in performance can be seen for most of the indicators. One noteworthy finding is that the economic downturns of the past two decades negatively affected the household-level indicators examined, which focused on energy poverty.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
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Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio znanstvena je službenica u odjelu za socijalne politike pri Eurofoundu koja radi na aspektima Europskog istraživanja o kvaliteti života (EQLS) te na temama transparentnosti plaća između spolova i neformalne skrbi. Prije nego što se pridružila Eurofoundu, radila je kao analitičarka politika u Centru kompetencija za bihevioralne uvide Zajedničkog istraživačkog centra Europske komisije. Radila je kao postdoktorandica na Sveučilištu Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Milano) i Sveučilištu u Trentu. Također donosi veliko iskustvo iz prethodne uloge službenika za društveno odgovorno poslovanje (CSR) u Južnoj Africi. Marianna je doktorirala ekonomiju i menadžment na Sveučilištu u Trentu, specijalizirala se za bihevioralnu ekonomiju.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini je voditelj odjela za socijalne politike u Eurofoundu od listopada 2019. Pridružio se Eurofoundu 2009. godine kao voditelj istraživanja, osmišljavajući i koordinirajući projekte o zapošljavanju mladih, NEET-ovima i ravnopravnosti spolova. Godine 2017. postao je viši voditelj istraživanja i predvodio nova istraživanja o praćenju konvergencije u EU. Osim toga, vodio je konceptualizaciju Europske ankete o kvaliteti života 2026. godine. Godine 2025. dobio je nagradu Brendan Walsh za najbolji rad objavljen u časopisu Economic and Social Review. Prije toga bio je znanstveni suradnik u Zajedničkom istraživačkom centru Europske komisije. Studirao je na Sveučilištu u Firenci, gdje je studirao aktuarske i statističke znanosti te stekao doktorat iz primijenjene statistike. Godine 2014. stekao je znanstvenu kvalifikaciju izvanrednog profesora društvene statistike i demografije na talijanskom Ministarstvu za sveučilište i istraživanje. Bio je gostujući suradnik na Sveučilištu u Sydneyu i Sveučilištu Aalborg te gostujući profesor na Papinskoj akademiji društvenih znanosti.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Stavroula Demetriades
Senior research managerStavroula Demetriades viša je voditeljica istraživanja u odjelu za zapošljavanje u Eurofoundu. Odgovorna je za istraživanje u područjima zelene i pravedne tranzicije, socijalnog dijaloga, praksi upravljanja, inovacija i hibridnog rada. Doktorirala je sociologiju na Sveučilištu u Aalborgu u Danskoj. Također je magistrirala ekonomsku politiku na Trinity Collegeu u Dublinu i magistrirala regionalni razvoj na Sveučilištu u Ateni. Prije nego što se 1999. pridružila Eurofoundu, radila je u istraživačkim institutima, na različitim radnim mjestima u javnom i privatnom sektoru te provodila organizacijske i socioekonomske studije. Njezini glavni istraživački interesi uključuju zelenu i pravednu tranziciju, upravljanje ljudskim resursima, sustave rada, inovacije, zapošljavanje i socijalni dijalog. Također je izvanredna profesorica na Poslovnoj školi na Sveučilišnom koledžu u Dublinu.
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